Geog Exam 3
Tiny clay particles in the soil that attract cations are called
Colloids
Tiny clay particles in the soil that attract cations are called?
Colloids
Endogenic processes are those that break down landforms. T or F
False
Soils are an interface between plate tectonics and the hydrological cycle T or F
False
Where the energy from rocks breaking/shearing causing an earthquake is called the epicenter. T or F
False
Chemical weathering is greatest under which of the following conditions?
High mean annual temperature and precipitation
Which of the following ions are important for acidity (pH)?
Hydrogen
Application of heat and pressure to existing rocks creates this rock type.
Igneous Extrusive
The state of equilibrium in which different portions of the earth's crust adjusts through endogenic and exogenic processes to float atop the mantle.
Isostatic adjustment
What is the most abundant chemical element in the Earth's crust?
Oxygen
The mass movement of earth material (as shown in an image for La Conchita, Ventura California) as a homogeneous unit that slips in an round arc shape in mass wasting is a?
Rotational slump
Compaction and cementing of eroded material is associated with which rock type?
Sedimentary
______________ is a reduction in the internal resistance of the slope. The forces attempting to pull a mass downslope lead to an increase in _____________.
Shear Strength; Shear Stress
uniformitarianism assumes that
The same physical processes we see today are a key to understanding the processes that have operated over geologic time
A batholith represents an example of igneous intrusive rock implacement, usually made of granites T or F
True
California's San Andreas fault is an example of a strike-slip fault T or F
True
Red-colored earth materials generally are associated with oxidation T or F
True
Soils are a dynamic natural body made up of fine materials covering earth's surface in which plants grow and are composed of both mineral and organic matters. T or F
True
The moltent material underneath the Earth's crustal plates is within the mantle T or F
True
Weathering is the decomposition and disintegration of rocks in situ. T or F
True
Folded layers of rock can form a wavelike pattern of troughs and crests. The layers near the crest form __________, whereas the layers near the trough form __________.
an anticline; a syncline
which of the following plays a role in the shaping of Earth's surface?
gravity, action of wind, water, and ice, radioactive decay of atoms
the four mechanical forces that act on the down-slope movement of geologic materials are
gravity, friction, cohesion, pore water pressure
Distinct horizontal layers in the soil are called
horizons
Knowledge of the Earth's interior is learned from ____________
indirect evidence involving the analysis of seismic waves from earthquakes
After tropical deforestation occurs the tropical soils are subject to increased rates of ___________ from the higher precipitation regime, which leads to the vertical soil erosional process of _____________ in the upper soil horizons and therefore a deeper depositional process of _____________ in the lower soil horizons.
leaching, eluviation, illuviation
At which of the following locations is new oceanic crust being formed?
mid oceanic ridge
which Lithospheric plate has the greatest density?
oceanic
the catena sequence in soils is based on:
parent material and landscape relief
earthquakes and volcanic activity are primarily found where?
plate margins
the partially-weathered broken up layer of rock material resting on top of bed rock at the base of a soil profile is called
regolith
Youngest rocks would be found in which of the following areas?
rift zones
Compaction and cementing of eroded material is associated with which rock type?
sedimentary
three types of rock-forming processes comprise the
the rock cycle
The oceanic crust is ___________ and _____________ than the continental crust.
thicker and lighter
Karst landscapes dominated by sink holes and caverns are created with this weathering process
Carbonation
The Himalayan Mountains (think Mt. Everest) are forming by a(n) _________.
continental plate-continental plate collision
plate boundaries are associated with
earthquakes, volcanoes, subduction, and rifting
what concepts characterize plate tectonic landforms
fault- Block Mountain, Mid- Ocean Range, Volcanic Arc