Geography Quiz 11

Chemical weathering processes are particularly effective on limestone landscapes, forming hydrolysis plains. karst topography. pressure-release jointing. exfoliation domes and arch-like forms.

karst topography

The downslope movement of a body of material made up of soil, sediment, or rock propelled by the force of gravity is known as mass movement. slide. lahar. downslope flow.

mass movement.

Exfoliation occurs because evaporated water leaves behind previously dissolved mineral to form crystals, which accumulate and grow over time, exerting pressure on the rock. overlying rock is removed, thereby allowing the underlying rock mass to expand and fracture. water combines with minerals and increases their size, thereby causing surrounding minerals to expand. water freezes in joints and expands. 0.05 points

overlying rock is removed, thereby allowing the underlying rock mass to expand and fracture

A sinkhole that develops over a period of hours or days and forms from a collapse through the roof of an underground cavern is known as a doline. collapse sinkhole. karst valley. solution sinkhole.

Collapse sinkhole

When pressure is removed from overlying rock, the pressure of deep burial is relieved, initiating pressure-release jointing. The joints then separate into curved slabs. This is known as spheroidal weathering. exfoliation. salt crystal growth. frost wedging.

Exfoliation

Weathering is not influenced by vegetation. True False

False

The weathering process responsible for breaking this marble is likely carbonation. exfoliation. frost wedging. salt-crystal growth.

Frost wedging

The photograph is an example of a talus slope. landslide. mudflow. debris avalanche.

Talus slope

Hydrolysis involves salt crystal growth from evaporation. frost action. the chemical reaction of water. the addition of water with little chemical change.

The chemical reaction of water

Physical and chemical weathering processes often operate in concert to decompose and dissolve rock. True False

True

Scarification is an example of anthropogenic mass movement. True False

True

The dynamic equilibrium model considers the balance between endogenic and exogenic processes. True False

True

Karst topography is an example of chemical weathering occurring over entire landscapes. True False

WRONG

Other than the rock itself, the most important chemical substance needed for the majority of weathering processes is carbon dioxide. nitrogen. oxygen. water.

Water

The bent trees, leaning utility posts, and fences in this diagram indicate which type of mass movement? landslide. soil creep. rockfall. debris avalanche.

Soil creep

These rounded granite outcrops are the result of which weathering process? Oxidation Carbonation Hydration Spheroidal weathering

Spheroidal weathering

The principle that landscape formation is balance between endogenic and exogenic processes is called steady state theory. the dynamic equilibrium model. catastrophism. uniformitarianism.

the dynamic equilibrium model. (WRONG)

On a typical hillside, the consolidated rock overlain by loose surface material is known as bedrock. regolith. parent material. outcrop.

Bedrock

All processes that cause reduction and rearrangement of landforms are included in the term erosion. mass movement. weathering. denudation.

Denudation

Which of the following is NOT necessary for well-developed karst to develop? Joints in rock of otherwise low permeability Vegetation Arid conditions High proportion of calcium carbonate in the rock

Arid conditions

When rock is broken down and disintegrated in the presence of water and with chemical alterations to the rock, the process in operation is chemical weathering. hydrolysis. physical weathering. carbonation.

Chemical weathering

In the spring of 1925 in Jackson Hole, WY, about 37 million m3 of moisture-laden soil and rock moved down one side of the canyon and surge up the other side. This is an example of a(n) rockfall. rotational slide. slump. earthflow.

Earthflow

The uplift of mountains is caused by denudation. exogenic forces. endogenic processes. aggradation.

Endogenic processes

Physical weathering changes the chemical composition of the rock. True False

False

Physical weathering dominates in warm, wet climates. True False

False

Weathering refers specifically to the physical (mechanical) processes that break down rocks and doesn't include the chemical processes that breakdown rocks. True False

False

The science that specifically studies the origin, evolution, form, and spatial distribution of landforms is environmental chemistry. geology. geography. geomorphology.

Geomorphology

In which climates would rocks experience the highest amounts of chemical decomposition and decay? Cold and dry Cold and wet Hot and wet Hot and dry

Hot and Wet

The sudden rapid movement of an unsaturated cohesive mass of regolith or bedrock is a debris avalanche. mudflow. rockfall. landslide.

Landslide

Which of the following is NOT a denudation process? Mass movement Orogeny Weathering Erosion

Orogeny

Exfoliation and pressure-release jointing are examples of ________ weathering processes. both biological and physical chemical physical biological

Physical

Which of the following weathering processes does NOT involve water? Pressure-release jointing Hydration Hydrolysis Carbonation Crystallization

Pressure-release jointing

When the upper surface of consolidated rock undergoes constant weathering, it creates broken-up rock called bedrock. regolith. parent material. outcrop.

Regolith

A niche in sandstone, such as that in Arizona's Canyon de Chelly, is indicative of which weathering process? Salt-crystal growth Frost wedging Exfoliation Carbonation

Salt-crystal growth

Which of the following can lead to the slope failure that causes mass movement? Saturation from rainfall Volcanic eruptions Earthquakes Oversteepening of the slope Saturation, oversteepening of slopes, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions

Saturation, oversteepening of slopes, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions

The photograph shows an example of which mass movement process? Scarification Debris flows Landslide Both scarification and landslide Both debris flow and landslide

Scarification (WRONG)-I think scarification and landslide

Which of the following is NOT a class of mass movement? Slip Flow Creep Fall Slide

Slip

When rock is broken down and disintegrated without any chemical alterations, the process in operation is chemical weathering. physical weathering. hydrolysis. carbonation.

physical weathering.

Factors influencing the weathering process include the amount of vegetation in an area. rock composition and structure the climate of an area. rock composition and structure, climate, and vegetation. only the climate of an area and rock composition.

rock composition and structure, climate, and vegetation

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding joints? Joints are fractures in rock that occur without displacement on either side. Joints are small, localized fault planes along which movement occurs. Joint impede both physical and chemical weathering. Joints decrease the amount of exposed surface area of rocks.

Joints are fractures in rock that occur without displacement on either side