Geology 101 Exam 2 Quiz 4-6

Pahoehoe and Aa are textures of... a. basalts b. stratovolcano lavas c. granites d. andesites e. rhyolites

a. basalts

Reverse faults generally occur at which type of plate boundary? a. convergent b. transform c. divergent

a. convergent

Which of these creates poorly sorted sediments? a. glaciers b. waves c. soil creep d. wind e. sand dunes

a. glaciers

Which is not considered a central vent volcano? a. mid ocean ridge b. cinder cone c. caldera d. shield volcano e. stratovolcano

a. mid ocean ridge

Dip-Slip faults are... a. normal and reverse faults. b. right-lateral and left-lateral faults. c. normal and left-lateral faults. d. reverse and right-lateral faults. e. thrust and left-lateral faults.

a. normal and reverse faults.

Which is not a type of material ejected from volcanoes during eruptions? a. plutonic rock b. ash c. lapilli d. bomb e. block

a. plutonic rock

Which is not a sediment/sedimentary rock type? a. Spherical b. Clastic c. Biogenic d. Chemical

a. spherical

Which is not an agent of erosion? a. volcanic activity b. water c. glacier d. wind

a. volcanic activity

Andesite is generally produced from which type of volcano or volcanic system? a. cinder cone b. stratovolcano c. monogenetic field d. caldera e. shield volcano

b. stratovolcano

Which of these volcanoes or volcanic systems does not generally produce basaltic lava? a. large igneous provinces b. stratovolcano c. shield volcano d. cinder cone e. mid ocean ridges

b. stratovolcano

Which is not a common cement type? a. silica b. clays c. feldspar d. iron oxides e. calcite

c. feldspar

The point on a fault where an earthquake occurs is called... a. seismic point b. surface rupture c. focus d. scarp e. epicenter

c. focus

Which two types of faults generally occur at mid-ocean ridges? a. thrust and normal faults b. normal and reverse faults c. normal and strike-slip faults d. reverse and strike-slip faults e. thrust and strike-slip faults

c. normal and strike-slip faults

This is an image of what type of fault? a. reverse fault b. right-lateral strike slip fault c. normal fault d. left-lateral strike slip fault e. thrust fault

c. normal fault

Faults... a. occur only at transform plate boundaries. b. don't occur under water. c. occur only at plate boundaries. d. are planar features on which earthquakes occur. e. are linear features on which earthquakes occur.

d. are planar features on which earthquakes occur.

Which is an agent of lithification? a. conduction b. deposition c. resettling d. cementation e. convection

d. cementation

Which is an example of a chemical sediment? a. granite clast b. feldspar grain c. glacial morraine d. gypsum crystal e. quartz grain

d. gypsum crystal

Angular grains... a. are commonly composed of quartz b. are found in conglomerates c. are common in biogenic sedimentary rocks d. indicate minimal sediment transport e. are microcrystalline

d. indicate minimal sediment transport

What type of fault is this? a. thrust fault b. reverse fault c. normal fault d. right-lateral strike slip e. left-lateral strike slip

d. right-lateral strike slip

Which is not a type of limestone? a. coquina b. micrite c. chalk d. shale e. travertine

d. shale

Mountains are only generated by reverse faulting. True False

False

Seismic activity does not occur at hotspots. True False

False

The law of superposition states that sediments are initially deposited horizontally. True False

False

3) Describe the differences between shield and stratovolcanoes. Discuss viscosity, silica contents, temperatures and explosivity differences. Include an example of where each type of volcano occurs on Earth.

Strato volcanoes are high profile, explosive, erupt andesitic magma, occur at subduction zones, cone shaped and consist of alternating layers of lava, tephra, and debris. Mt. Fuji Japan is an example of a strato volcano. Shield volcanoes are low profile, non explosive, basaltic magma, occur at hotspots, broad domes, generally form from low viscosity basaltic lava flows. The Hawaiian islands are examples of shield volcanoes.

1) Identify the three types of faults and discuss the sense of motion that occurs on each. Also, indicate which type of plate boundary each is commonly associated with and provide a real world example location where each occurs (e.g. eastern North America).

The three types of faults are normal, reverse, and strike-slip. Normal and reverse faults are forms of dip-slip faults along which the motion exhibits a vertical component. In normal dip-slip faults, the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall, while in reverse dip-slip faults, the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall. Strike slip faults move in the direction of fault plane strike, either left or right-lateral. Normal faults are usually associated with divergent plate boundaries. Death Valley is an example of a location exhibiting normal faults. Reverse faults are usually associated with convergent plate boundaries. Klamath Mountains in Northern California is an example of a location exhibiting reverse faults. Strike-slip faults are usually associated with transform boundaries. Wallace Creek is an example of a right-lateral strike-slip.

2) Identify and describe the two types of metamorphism. Be sure to include an example of a geologic setting in which each occurs.

The two types of metamorphism are contact and regional. Contact metamorphism is temperature induced alteration in areas surrounding an intruding magma body. Contact metamorphism occurs relatively shallow depths in the crust and on the surface. Regional metamorphism is large-scale metamorphism by high temperature and pressure. Regional metamorphism occurs in the deeper lithosphere.

Hot spot volcanism may occur on oceanic and continental crust. True False

True

Ignimbrite may result from a pyroclastic flow. True False

True

Matrix is a common constituent of conglomerates and breccias. True False

True

In normal faulting... a. the fault blocks move in a dextral fashion. b. the fault blocks move in a sinistral fashion. c. scarps do not form. d. the hanging wall drops relative to the foot wall. e. the hanging wall rises relative to the foot wall.

d. the hanging wall drops relative to the foot wall.

Which is not true of shield volcanoes? a. they generally form over oceanic hotspots b. they erupt high-temperature lavas c. they erupt basaltic lava d. they exhibit high profiles e. they erupt low-viscosity lavas

d. they exhibit high profiles

Which is not true of calderas? a. they generally form over continental hotspots b. they erupt high-viscosity lavas c. they are highly explosive d. they generally produce basaltic lava e. they result from an emptied or partially emptied magma chamber

d. they generally produce basaltic lava

Rhyolites... a. are dark colored in general b. solidify from low-SiO2 lavas c. are produced from non-explosive volcanoes d. solidify from high-temperature lavas e. solidify from high-viscosity lavas

e. solidify from high-viscosity lavas