Gov Final - ALL UNITS

How can the principle of federalism promote the protection of civil rights in the American federal system? a. It provides both state and national governments with the ability to protect citizens from abuses of power by the other. b. It provides states enough power to protect their citizens from abuses of power by the national government. c. It provides the national government with enough power to protect citizens from abuses of power by the states in which they live.

It provides both state and national government with the ability to protect citizens from abuses of power by the other

You are writing a speech for school about the need for citizens to participate in their political system. Who would you quote as the earliest proponent of this notion? a. Aristotle b. John Locke c. Plato d. Alexis de Tocqueville

Aristotle

Which of the following documents outlines the purpose of government to protect the social rights of its citizens, chiefly among these rights are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness? a. Mayflower Compact b. Articles of Confederation c. Declaration of Independence

Declaration of Independence

Which of the following is not one of the three types of government outlined by Montesquieu? a. Monarchy b. Republican government c. Despotism d. Democracy

Democracy

In country B, citizens are allowed to vote on who will be their representative.

Democratic Republic

In country E, all citizens are allowed to vote on who will be their representative. What type of government would country E be? a. dictatorship b. oligarchy c. democratic republic d. monarchy e. theocracy

Democratic republic

In country A, one person holds all of the political power.

Dictatorship

Which of the following correctly describes where economic rights are written in the United States? a. The rights to own property, choose your work, and create businesses are all enumerated (written) in the Constitution. b. Article VI states that Americans have the "right to property." c. Economic rights are not specifically enumerated in the Constitution or the Bill of Rights. d. The rights are enumerated in the Constitution, but not in the Bill of Rights.

Economic rights are not specifically enumerated in the Constitution or the Bill of Rights

Which of the following would Tocqueville most likely endorse? a. encouraging the poor to help themselves through public education b. creating state government programs to help the poor c. creating national government programs to help the poor d. encouraging civic groups to help the poor

Encouraging civic groups to help the poor

Which of the following most accurately describes the Bill of Rights? a. is list of individual rights each citizen must earn. b. is an enumeration of individual rights granted to the people by the government. c. is a list of individual rights guaranteed to each citizen.

It is a list of individual rights guaranteed to each citizen

Congress passes a law preventing individuals from engaging in particular forms of speech or expression because it is afraid the things they say or express MIGHT turn out to be illegal. Why would the Supreme Court find such a law unconstitutional? a. It doesn't have a clear secular purpose. b. It places a prior restraint on the expression. c. It isn't content neutral. d. It is too vague.

It places a prior restraint on the expression

What does a writ of habeas corpus do? a. It gives the legislative power to asses the guilt of an individual who has committed a crime. b. It justifies the imprisonment of an alleged criminal without the need to inform him or her of the reason, in order to better protect the community from a potential threat. c. It allows the Congress to punish citizens for violation of ex post facto laws. d. It requires an explanation to the Court why a citizen is being held.

It requires an explanation to the Court why a citizen is being help

How did Alexis de Tocqueville describe the 1830s in America? a. It was a time of unrelenting self-interest rather than community. b. There was a realization of the ideal religiously-based society that only benefited themselves. c. It was a time when Americans worked together for the common good of others. d. It was a time when governments had the proper balance between national and state power.

It was a time when Americans worked together for the common good of others

Which of the following is true of the Bill of Rights? a. It was included in the Constitution as a concession to the Anti-federalists who opposed ratification of the Constitution. b. It is largely defined and interpreted by the Congress and state legislatures. c. It consists of the first twelve amendments to the Constitution.

It was included in the Constitution as a concession to the Anti-federalists who opposed ratification of the Constitution

Which of the following is true of religion at the time of the founding of America? a. Religion was rarely discussed among politicians and citizens at the time of the founding, which is why religious tests are absent from the Constitution. b Religion was important to many people, so much so that many states had established churches. c. Religious language and reasoning was common at the time of the founding, but those beliefs did not affect the nature of the new political system.

Religion was important to many people, so much so that many states had established churches

Which of the following best describes the role of religion in modern day America? a. Religious belief is widespread, but it has little to no influence on public policy. b. Religious belief was historically important in public policy decisions, but religion has little influence today. c. Religious belief is required to hold high public office in the United States. d. Religious belief is widespread, but most Americans are tolerant of others with different beliefs.

Religious belief is widespread, but most Americans are tolerant of others with different beliefs

For the separation of powers or Three Branches of Government to work in practice, what item(s) are needed? a. Elected Representatives b. The use of checks and balances c. The legislative and executive branches should be separate d. Electing a President

The use of checks and balances

In country D, a religious leader or leaders holds political power.

Theocracy

The Founders established a republican form of government. Why did they do this? a. They believed the self-interest of the politicians needed to be restrained. b. They wanted the government to be as "conservative" as possible. c. They believed elected officials could represent citizens and could be kept in check through elections.

They believed elected officials could represent citizens and could be kept in check through elections

Which of the following is covered by the Constitutional guarantee of due process? a. Individuals are guaranteed the right to participate in the political process, especially through voting. b. Every individual is free to express him or herself in the political process. c. Those who are accused of crimes will have a fair trial.

Those who are accused of crimes will have a fair trial

What was the purpose of the Fourteenth Amendment? a. to abolish slavery b. to guarantee all citizens the right to vote c. to provide "equal protection under the law" for all American citizens, including former slaves.

To provide "equal protection under the law" for all American citizens, including former slaves

Rhode Island became the first colony established that did not have an established religion. a. True b. False

True

In country D, one person, such as Adolf Hitler, holds all of the political power. What type of government would country D be? a. monarchy b. oligarchy c. theocracy d. democratic republic e. dictatorship

dictatorship

Which of the following is not a characteristic that an applicant for U.S. citizenship must demonstrate? a. proficiency in English b. good moral character c. have a relative who currently lives in the United States d. attachment to the U.S. Constitution

have a relative who currently lives in the United States

In country C, several powerful economic leaders collectively hold political power. What type of government would country C be? a. democratic republic b. oligarchy c. dictatorship d. theocracy e. monarchy

oligarchy

How many U.S. senators are up for re-election every two years? a. one half b. one quarter c. one third d. all of them

one third

As discussed in the chapter, what term is used to describe each branch of government's separate and distinct sphere of power? a. separation of powers b. separate but equal c. limited government d. checks and balances

separation of powers

John Locke is cited for influencing our founding fathers with the phrase "life, liberty, and property," a phrase which was modified slightly by Thomas Jefferson when he wrote "we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness." In which document are these words written by Thomas Jefferson? a. the Articles of Confederation b. the Bill of Rights c. the Declaration of Independence d. the United States Constitution

the Declaration of Independence

If a country has a political system where some decisions are made in local legislatures and others are made in the national legislature. Whose government would this most likely be compared to? a. the U.S. system of government created in Philadelphia b. the system of government advocated by Plato c. the British system under the Magna Charta d. the Articles of Confederation

the U.S system of government created in Philadelphia

In country F, a religious leader or leaders holds political power. What type of government would country F be? a. dictatorship b. democratic republic c. oligarchy d. theocracy e. monarchy

theocracy

What was the purpose of the Thirteenth Amendment? a. to guarantee all citizens the right to vote b. to provide "equal protection" under the law for former slaves c. to abolish slavery

to abolish slavery

What was the purpose of the Fifteenth Amendment? a. to guarantee all citizens the right to vote b. to abolish slavery c. to provide "equal protection under the law" for former slaves

to guarantee all citizens the right to vote

To keep our elected officials in check with the citizens they represent, frequent elections are held. According to the lesson, how long is the term for a member in the House of Representative before they face re-election? a. 2 years b. 4 years c. 6 years d. 1 year

2 years

What are the percentages of religious affiliations in the United States? a. 50% Christian; 90% religious believers; 10% no religious belief; with Methodists as the largest single religious group. b. 70% Christian; 80% religious believers; 20% no religious belief; with Catholics as the largest single religious group. c. 80% Christian; 90% religious believers; 10% no religious belief; with Baptists as the largest single religious group. d. 80% Christian; 90% religious believers; 10% no religious belief; with Catholics as the largest single religious group.

80% Christian, 90% religious believers; 10% no religious belief; with Baptists as the largest single religious group

What is civic dialogue? a. The idea that politics is not just a set of stereotypical deals made by the rich and powerful. b. A group deciding something is good and it establishes expectations, customs, and ideals as a part of what society values. c. The notion that people, by nature, are political animals. d. A statement by Aristotle, stating that if the people have an overly broad willingness to participate in the political process, a democratic society cannot function properly.

A group deciding something is good and it establishes expectations, customs, and ideals as a part of what society values

What is a civil society? a. a society in which social groups form freely to petition government b. a society that respects and lives by every rule of law c. a society in which citizens always treat each other with fairness and justice

A society in which social groups form freely to petition government

Rights retained by the people

Amendment 9

Religion, speech, assembly, politics

Amendment 1

Reserved Powers of the State

Amendment 10

Militia and Right to Bear Arms

Amendment 2

Quartering of Soldiers

Amendment 3

Search and Seizure

Amendment 4

Grand Juries, Self-incrimination, Double Jeopardy, Due Process, Eminent Domain

Amendment 5

Criminal Court, Procedures

Amendment 6

Trial by Jury

Amendment 7

Cruel and Unusual Punishment

Amendment 8

A Civil Rights group has decided to hold a public meeting to discuss recent prejudicial acts. Some members of the group are concerned they will be arrested for participating in the meeting, especially if the meeting becomes heated. They know that previous meetings on this issue have ended in arguments and, occasionally, with violence. Which of the following best describes the Supreme Court's history in the area of assembly? a. It has weighed even more heavily in favor of individual rights in freedom of assembly cases than it has on speech cases. b. More latitude is given to the freedom to assemble when civil rights are at stake. c. Assembly cases are given more scrutiny when public safety is a concern.

Assembly cases are given more scrutiny when public safety is a concern

Which of the following is most likely to create far-reaching national public policy change? a. By creating your own group to petition your city council b. You signing a pre-written letter created by another group and sending it c. By joining a large group and marching for civil rights d. You writing an individual letter to a politician

By joining a large group and marching for civil rights

In unit 2, which of the following is emphasized as the most important tool available to help individuals become effective participants in the political process? a. By receiving accurate and timely information b. The ability to contact and be heard by their elected representatives c. The natural desire to engage in politics d. Study to establish strong personal beliefs

By receiving accurate and timely information

Which of the following people is ready to become a naturalized citizen of the United States? a. Candidate #2, who has not been a permanent resident for the specified period of time, speaks English and understands civics basics, has never been convicted of illegal activity, and is willing to take the oath of office. b. Candidate #1, who has been a permanent resident for the specified period of time, speaks English and understands civics basics, has never been convicted of illegal activity, and is willing to take the Oath of Allegiance. c. Candidate #3, who has been a permanent resident for the specified period of time, speaks English and understands civics basics, was previously deported, and is willing to take the oath of office d. Candidate #4, who has been a permanent resident for the specified period of time, speaks English and understands civics basics, has never been convicted of illegal activity, but is unwilling to support military service in times of need

Candidate #1, who has been a permanent resident for the specified period of time, speaks English and understands civics basics, has never convicted of illegal activity, and is willing to take the Oath of Allegiance

Which leading political thinker is given credit for his influence on the separation of powers? a. John Locke b. Thomas Hobbes c. Charles-Louis Montesquieu d. Aristotle

Charles-Louis Montesquieu

Through various organizations, citizens can contribute to their communities and to the broader political system through civic-minded service and participation. Which of the following groups did the most to promote participation during the Civil Rights Movement? a. Boy Scouts of America b. churches c. Parent Teacher Association d. United Way

Churches

According to the author of this course, why is Tocqueville still relevant today? a. Citizens should beware of being too self-absorbed and not participating in the political process. b. Community action is not useful today, as he predicted. c. Democracy worked better during his time, and we should return to it.

Citizens should beware of being too self-absorbed and not participating in the political process

What did the Founders believe was essential for the American government to succeed? a. A democratic form of government b. Great national wealth. c. Civic Virtue from its citizens d. A strong military

Civic Virtue from its citizens

What can be concluded from unit 3 about religion in the United States? a. We all take our freedom of religion for granted and do not adequately apply it today. b. There is little or no room for contemporary issues regarding faith. c. Even though there are many different denominations, people tend to be both tolerant of and grateful for those differences. d. It is diverse, but that diversity often causes more contention because everyone wants to be right in their beliefs, and different ideas are conflicting.

Even though there are many different denominations, people tend to be both tolerant of and grateful for those differences

Which of the following best describes separation of powers? a. Founders and Revolutionaries b. executive, legislative, and judicial branches c. higher and lower d. liberty and order

Executive, legislative, and judicial braches

What does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 deal with? a. finally ended the practice of slavery b. insured voting rights for all Americans c. forbids discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, and national origin d. applied only to state governments

Forbids discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, and national origin

Which of the following best describes the term pluralism? a. Freedom of association, expression, assembly, and religious exercise to pursue their own interests in the political process. b. Freedom of association and expression, but not assembly or religious exercise to pursue their own interests in the political process. c. Freedom of association, expression, and assembly, but not religious exercise to pursue their own interests in the political process. d. No freedom of association, expression, assembly, or religious exercise to pursue their own interests in the political process.

Freedom of association, expression, assembly, and religious exercise to pursue their own interests in the political process

Which of the following best describes the term pluralism? a. No freedom of association, expression, assembly, or religious exercise to pursue their own interests in the political process. b. Freedom of association, expression, assembly, and religious exercise to pursue their own interests in the political process. c. Freedom of association, expression, and assembly, but not religious exercise to pursue their own interests in the political process. d. Freedom of association and expression, but not assembly or religious exercise to pursue their own interests in the political process.

Freedom of association, expression, assembly, and religious exercise to pursue their own interests in the political process

What is a statement that Hobbes and Locke would both agree on? a. Government must be limited and individual rights made paramount. b. Government is necessary to protect life and property. c. Liberty is more important than security. d. Cooperation is only possible in the "state of nature."

Government is necessary to protect life and property

The phrase "the right to swing my fist ends where the other man's nose" exemplifies which of the following principles? Society cannot limit rights even if harm to others is the result. The right to political speech and expression is highly protected by the Supreme Court. Individuals have rights, but also have obligations to others in society. Rights are natural and are not "granted" by government.

Individuals have rights, but also have obligations to others in society

Citizens in Country A do not have the right to assemble. How would life there be different from the United States? a. In Country A, democracy would not function as well because like minded individuals would be less likely to form any type of group. b. Country A would have a smaller number of interest groups, but more social groups. c. In country A, democracy would function better because like-minded individuals could bind together in groups. d. Country A would have a smaller number of social groups, but more interest groups.

In Country A, democracy would not function as well because like minded individuals would be less likely to form any type of group

If you were to read about a country whose government allows their president to declare war on another country, and individually coin money to fight the war without the consent of any other government official. Which of the following would best describe this system as compared with the government in the United States? a. It is the same in the United States. b. In the United States only the Congress can officially declare but the president must fund it. c. In the United States the president can neither declare nor fund a war without the vote of Congress. d. In the United States the president can only declare a war, but cannot fund it.

In the United States the president can neither declare nor fund a war without the vote of congress

Which of the following most accurately describes the Supreme Court's position on limiting expression covered under the First Amendment? a. The government can limit whichever forms of expression it deems harmful to society. b. The Supreme Court rarely hears cases on First Amendment Issues. c. Individuals can challenge if they believe the government's action violates the First Amendment.

Individuals can challenge if they believe the government's action violates the First amendment

Classical republicanism is principally concerned with ____________ while classical liberalism is concerned with _______________. a. liberty; order b. liberty; order and security c. equality; property

Liberty: order

Which political thinker wrote The Prince, where he justified popular sovereignty, revolution, and a separation of religious and secular government? a. Hobbes b. Aristotle c. Machiavelli d. Cicero

Machiavetti

What does civilian control of the military mean? a. The civilians have to be a part of the military. b. The military is simply run by the people. They do what they are told. c. Military leaders do not have any independent authority, but are the servants of the elected representatives of the people.

Military leaders do not have any independent authority, but are the servants of the elected representatives of the people

In country B, one person holds political power due to family inheritance. What type of government would country B be? a. monarchy b. theocracy c. oligarchy d. dictatorship e. democratic republic

Monarchy

In country C, one person holds political power due to family inheritance.

Monarchy

According to George Washington in his farewell speech, he mentioned two areas important to political prosperity. One was religion, what was the second important ingredient that was indispensable for the success of the nation? a. law b. a strongly economy c. a wall of separation between church and state d. morality

Morality

According to Adam Smith's notion of the invisible hand, which of the following is the best way to enhance national wealth? a. National wealth is best enhanced by government regulation of imports, which protect domestic industries and jobs. b. National wealth is best obtained by controlled harvesting of natural resources such as oil, metals, timber, and so on. c. National wealth is best achieved by everyone seeking his or her own self-interest. d. National wealth is best enhanced by maintaining a strong military in order to protect that wealth.

National wealth is best achieved by everyone seeking his or her own self-interest

Which of the following is true concerning the process of becoming a U.S. citizen? a. A test is given to determine language skill and civic knowledge. b. Being born on U.S. soil is not enough to be naturalized as a citizen. c. Few people gain permanent residency before being naturalized. d. One can be naturalized without gaining basic proficiency in English.

Not- One can be naturalized without gaining basic proficiency in English

Why are the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments so important? They were all created within the same decade. They were changes in civil rights as influenced by civic and political groups produced by civil society. They brought about the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Not- They brought about the Civil Rights Act of 1964

In country E, several powerful economic leaders collectively hold political power.

Oligarchy

According to Tocqueville, civic virtue means simply that individuals have interests and desires that are not solely focused on themselves. Rather, they are willing to give up some of the things they want in order to promote the common good. What did he mean by this? a. The more the economy grows, the more prosperous and happy everyone will be. b. People would build businesses that would help others by employing community members. c. People who don't know the issues and who cannot articulate their self-interest should not vote. d. People should help one another because the welfare of others affects individual welfare.

People should help one another because the welfare of other affects individual welfare

According to Hobbes, what would life be like without limits on an individual's behavior or if living in a state of nature? a. Mundane b. Joyful c. Perilous d. Amazing

Perilous

Who was considered to be the inventor of philosophy? a. Machiavelli b. Aristotle c. Plato d. Cicero

Plato

Which of the following describes the potential of groups in America that affords virtually everyone the opportunity to participate and influence the nation's politics, economy, and culture? a. federalism b. pluralism c. anti-federalism

Pluralism

What does unit 1 say is perhaps the most complex form of human interaction? a. government b. discussion c. politics d. liberty

Politics

How does the Constitution divide power between the three branches? a. Power is separated, but in such a way that two branches can easily work together to out vote the efforts of the third branch to exercise its powers. b. Power is completely separated, allowing each branch to act and follow through without interference from the other two branches. c. Power is not clearly separated, so it is difficult to determine who has what power or check on the other branches. d. Power is not completely separated, allowing each branch to limit the other branches' exercise of power.

Power is not completely separated, allowing each branch to limit the other branches' exercise of power.

In Federalist 10, James Madison describes our form of government where political ideas or current issues are enlarged or refined "by passing them through the medium of a chosen body of citizens whose wisdom may best discern the true interest of their country." What term is best used to describe our government? a. federalism b. checks and balances c. direct democracy d. representative republic

Representative Republic

If you lived in the 1640s and wanted to live in a colony that protected freedom of religion, where would you move? a. New York b. All of the states protected freedom of religion equally. c. Rhode Island d. Massachusetts

Rhode Island

Which of the following best reflects the Founders views on self-interest and virtue? a. Citizens would be virtuous when they sought to increase their personal wealth. b. self-interest must be guarded while serving in the government but not in the economy. c. self-interest was beneficial to the economy, but citizens of the republic needed to develop "civic virtue." d. self-interest was natural and could be beneficial to the economy and to politicians.

Self-interest was beneficial to the economy, but citizens of the republic needed to develop "civic virtue"

The "invisible hand" of the free market discussed by Adam Smith refers to which of the following? a. selfishness b. public interest c. a natural right d. unionization

Selfishness

A prominent political scientist famously described American government as separate institutions sharing powers; Which two constitutional principles are embodied in this statement? a. checks and balances and federalism b. separation of powers and checks and balances c. separation of powers and federalism

Separation of powers and checks and balances

A law that prohibits indecent material on the Internet is put into force. How is this not consistent with the guarantees in the First Amendment? a. The law is too vague. b. The law is not the least drastic means available. c. The law is not content neutral. d. The law imposes prior restraint

The law is too vague

What happens after the Congress passes a bill and the president signs it into law? a.ere are no further checks or balances left to protect the people against abuses of power—the people can only work through their representatives to change an unjust law. a. The Supreme Court can still review it and strike it down if the Court disagrees with the way the Congress tried to solve a particular policy problem. b. The Supreme Court can still review it and strike it down if it is inconsistent with the limitations, structures, or principles established by the Constitution. c. State governments can review it and refuse to apply it in their states if the law is inconsistent with their constitutions or state laws.

Supreme Court can still review it and strike it down if it is inconsistent with the limitations, structures, or principles established by the Constitution

A law that forbids bands from playing in concerts when there is evidence that the band has previously engaged in illegal forms of expression is put in force. How is this not consistent with the guarantees in the First Amendment? a. The law is too vague. b. The law is not the least drastic means available. c. The law is not content neutral. d. The law imposes prior restraint.

The law imposes prior restraint

A law makes it illegal to burn Bibles, but not other books, in public parks. How is this not consistent with the guarantees in the First Amendment? a. The law imposes prior restraint. b. The law is not the least drastic means available. c. The law is not content neutral and gives one book precedence over another. d. The law is too vague.

The law is not content neutral and gives one book precedence over another

A law bans the sale of wooden poles and nails to prevent people from building crosses which they might burn on people's lawns. How is this not consistent with the guarantees in the First Amendment? a. The law is not the least drastic means available. b. The law imposes prior restraint. c. The law is too vague. d. The law is not content neutral.

The law is not the least drastic means available

After studying and reading examples about liberty and order consider the following: After the terrorist attack on September 11, President Bush and Congress passed the PATRIOT Act, which expanded the power of law enforcement to secretly investigate potential terrorists. What does this suggest? a. The president believed Americans had too little liberty and too much security. b. The president believed Americans had too much liberty and too much security. c. The president believed Americans had too much liberty and too little security. d. The president believed Americans had both too little liberty and too little security.

The president believed Americans had too much liberty and too little security

Which of the following IS NOT an example of checks and balances in the United States Constitution? a. The president can veto laws passed by Congress, but Congress can override a veto by a two-thirds majority vote in both houses. b. The Supreme Court can review laws passed by congress and declare them unconstitutional if they deem them inconsistent with the Constitution. c. If the House believes the president is guilty of "high crimes or misdemeanors," it can formally charge or impeach the president. A trial to decide whether to remove the president from office is held in the Senate. d. The president can veto a Supreme Court decision, but only with the support of a two-thirds majority vote in Congress.

The president can veto a Supreme Court decision, but only with the support of a two-thirds majority vote in Congress.

What are two examples of the checks and balances the Executive Branch has on Congress and the Judicial Branch? a. Frequent elections, nominating judges b. Veto power, nominating judges c. Veto power, determining if a law is unconstitutional d. Elected officials, veto power

Veto power, nominating judges

When is a form of media considered obscene? a. When religious leaders do not find it appropriate b. When scientists do not find it appropriate c. When most average citizens do not find it appropriate d. When it is not appropriate for children

When most average citizens do not find it appropriate

Voting is an excellent way for the public to become involved in civic dialogue. Which of the following described ways citizens can become involved? a. Encourage your Representatives to pass laws that discourage negativity and conflict in the legislative process b. Modifying the legislative process so legislators are compelled to work toward compromise rather than getting bogged down in conflict. c. There is no need for additional civic dialogue. d. Writing letters, contributing to campaigns, or running for office.

Writing letters, contributing to campaigns, or running for office

Where did the phrase separation of church and state originate or where was it first used? a. a letter written by Thomas Jefferson b. Supreme Court decisions about the establishment of religion c. the First Amendment d. the body of the Constitution

a letter written by Thomas Jefferson

Which of the following would not be eligible to be a U.S. Citizen by birth? a. a person born in the United States but whose parents are not citizens b. a person born overseas and whose parents are both citizens who lived previously in the U.S c. a person born in the United States as the child of a foreign diplomat d. a person born in Puerto Rico

a person born in the United States as the child of a foreign diplomat

In which of the following societies is the reciprocity of rights and obligations most necessary? a. one person living alone on a desert island b. family living alone on a vast expanse in Alaska c. a society of 5,000 people living in sparsely populated farms d. a society of hundreds of millions living in cities

a society of hundreds of millions living in cities