Government Chapter 2

Framers of the Constitution

" an assembly of demi-gods" James Madison: co-author of the Articles, father of Constitution Alexander Hamilton: a lawyer who favored a strong central government, high federalist george washington: successful leader of Continental Army

Connecticut Compromise

( The Great Compromise) delegates agree on bicameral congress, one segment for equal rep, for states and the other will rep, proportionate to the states population.

weakeness in Articles

1 vote for each states, regardless of size, congress powerless to levy and collect taxes or duties, congress powerless to regulate foreign and interstate comers, no executive to enforce acts of congress, no national court systems, amendment only with consent of all states,a 9/13 majority required to pass laws, only a firm league of friendship

Unicameral congress under articles

1 vote per state, no executive, no judicial, 1 president of congress per year

Magna Carta

1215

Petition of Rights

1627

English Bill of Rights

1689

Hot Summer in Philly

1787- congress consents to meeting, calls for 13 states to send representatives for the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation. All by Rhode Island at tented( were small and didn't want to give up power)

3/5 compromise

3/5 of the slave population was counted for representation

How many men wrote the Consituton

55 delegates, white male, college educated, wealthy, many were lawyers who wrote state constitutions, Washington presides Franklin is the unifier. James Madison is the Father of the Constitution

1754

Albany Plan, BJ proposed the union in which an annual congress of delegates from each of the 13 colonies would be formed

March 1, 1781

Articles of Confederation adopted

September 5 1774

FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, colonists sent a declaration of rights to King George III, the delegates urged each of the colonies to refuse all trade with England until British tax and trade regulations were repealed or recalled

First president and vice president

GW AND JA

Who were some Federalists

George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton

When was the Constitution ratified

June 21, 1788, by nine states but the new government needed the ratification of NY and Va. VA ratified on June 5, 1788. The Federalist Papers were written by John Jay, Madison and Hamilton. they were written to support the ratification.

Proprietary colonies

King gave permission to do what they wanted, set up land Delaware, Pennsylvania- William Penn, Maryland- Lord Baltimore proprietor appoint governor, DE and MD have bicameral legislatures, PA has unicameral legislature

July 2,1776

Lees resolution was passed by the second continental congress

1643

NE settlements formed the NE confederation

The two states ratification depended on

NY AND VA

first capital

Ny

English colonists brought with them three main concepts

Ordered social system, government that protects property, limited government( should not be all powerful), representative government( serves the will of the people)

Who were some Anti- Federalists

Patrick Henry, George Mason, John Hancock, James Winthrop

Famous leaders not at the congress

Patrick Henry: said he smelt a rat, refused to attend samuel adams and john hancock, thomas jefferson and Thomas Paine

May 10 1775

THE SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, each of the 13 colinies sent represntatiteves to the gathering in Philadelphia. The SCC served as the first government of the US. from 1776 to 1781.

June 7, 1776

a committee of 5 people were chosen to right the Declaration; Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, BJ, Roger Sherman and Robert Livingston

Articles established...

a firm league of friendship among the states

1765

a group of colonies sent delegates to the congress in New York, prepared the declaration of rights and Grievances against British polices and sent it to the king. THE STAMP ACT CONGRESS

Virginia Plan

big state plan by James Madison, three branches of government, bicameral legislatures, national executive and national judiciary

the commerce and slave trade compromise

congress was forbidden from taxing exported goods and were not allowed to act on the slave trade for 20 years (1808)

august 2

declaation was signed broken into 3 sections; basic rights, list of grievances, intentions

july 4, 1776

declaration was adopted

Powers under Articles

declare peace and war, deal with national finance issues, settle disputes among the states

Royal Colonies

directly ruled by the English monarchy Governor serves as chief executive council named by the king,serves the governor , gov and council approve laws and appoint judges bicameral legislature

Influences for Constitution

familiar with political writings of Jean Jacques Rousseau, John Locke, were seasoned variously by the Second Continental Congress, the Artcles, and experiences with their own states

Influences on Declaration

john locke,thomas paine, greek and roman empress, dutch republic and swiss Confederation

Congressional powers under the Articles

make war and peace, send and receive ambassadors, make treaties, borrow money, set up an monetary system, establish post-offices, build a navy, raise a army, fix standard of weights and measures, settle disputes and among the states

When did the new congress meet

met for the first time on March 4,1789

Federalists

nationalists- thought that the Articles were weak and argues for the ratification of the constitution

anti- federalist

objected to the Constitution for many reasons including the strong central government and the lack of a bill of rights

American Independence

only july 4th the Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independece between 1776 and 1777 most of the states adopted constitutions instead of charters

common features of state constitutions

popular sovereignty, limited government, civil rights and liberties, separation of powers and checks and balances

Articles of Confederation

proposed by Second Continental Congress, approved on Nov. 15, 1777, ratified by all 13 states on March 1, 1781

What obligations did states have to citizens

protect life, liberty and property

When was the Government Inaugurated

quorom(majority) on April 6 and counted the electoral votes. Congress Found the George Washington had been unanimously elected President. He was inaugurated on April 30.

What obligations did the states have to one another

respect each states laws

Original goal of the Constitutional Convention

revise Articles

Charter Colonies

self- governed, and the charters were given to them Conn, Rhode Island, governors elected by white, male property owners, laws made by bicameral legislatures were not subject to the approval( or veto) of governors OR king, very progressive for the time

What government action took place in response to shays rebellion

showed that the articles were weak and it eased peoples debts

new jersey plan

small state plan William Patterson unicameral congress, equal representation for states of different sizes, more than one federal executive

reactions of Constituon

some were disappointed like George Mason who opposed it until he died in 1792, most agreed with BJs thoughts

obligations under articles

states promised to obey congress, respect the laws of the other sttea, most other powers were retained by each state

What did the Federalists want

stronger central government to maintain oder and preserve Union ,pointed out weaknesses of Articles, advantages were that they were well organized and strong leaders, disadvantages were that the Constitution had was unties, has no Bill of Rights

What powers did Congress not have

tax and regulate trade, carry out their laws

What did the Anti- Federalists Want

thought a strong central government would destroy the work of Revolution, limit democracy, restrict states rights, Constitution had no protection of rights, suggest that Constitution gives central government more power, advantages: appealed to popular distrust of government, based on colonial experience disadvantages: poorly organized

Five Issues with the Ratification debate

weakness of national government, ratification process, no mention of God, denial of states printing their own money, no bill of rights