Great Depression & New Deal
The popularity of escapist novels and movies during the Great Depression is evidence that
.popular culture is shaped by economic and social conditions
A primary objective of United States foreign policy during the 1930s was to 1.avoid involvement in Asian and European conflicts 2.protect business interests in Africa through direct intervention 3.strengthen international peacekeeping organizations 4.acquire overseas land as colonies
Correct Answer Number: 1
An immediate result of the Supreme Court decision in Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States (1935) and United States v. Butler (1936) was that 1.some aspects of the New Deal were declared unconstitutional 2.State governments took over relief agencies 3. Congress was forced to abandon efforts to improve the economy 4.the constitutional authority of the President was greatly expanded
Correct Answer Number: 1
Congress refused to enact President Franklin D. Roosevelt's court-packing plan because the plan 1.threatened to upset the constitutional system of checks and balances 2.entrusted too much power to the judicial branch 3.called for an increase in income taxes 4.required passage of a constitutional amendment
Correct Answer Number: 1
How did the power of government change during the Civil War and the Great Depression? 1.Presidential powers were expanded. 2.Congress exerted greater leadership. 3.The Supreme Court expanded civil liberties. 4.Power shifted from the federal government to the states.
Correct Answer Number: 1
In the 1930s, which geographic factor most influenced the westward migration of thousands of people from the southern Great Plains? 1.extended drought in farming areas 2.excessive flooding of the Mississippi River 3.serious earthquakes in Pacific coastal areas 4.destructive hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico
Correct Answer Number: 1
Passage of the Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1937 indicated that the United States desired to 1.isolate itself from conflicts in Europe and Asia 2.form alliances to stop the aggression of dictators 3.expand trade outside the Western Hemisphere 4.support the policies of the League of Nations
Correct Answer Number: 1
The Dust Bowl experiences of the Oklahoma farmers during the Great Depression demonstrated the 1.effect of geography on people's lives 2.success of government farm subsidies 3.limitation of civil liberties during times of crisis 4.result of the Indian Removal Act
Correct Answer Number: 1
The National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) of 1935 gave labor unions the right to 1.represent workers in collective bargaining 2.insist on an open shop in the workplace 3.establish quotas on immigration 4.use blacklists and yellow dog contracts
Correct Answer Number: 1
The National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) of 1935 strengthened labor unions because it legalized 1.collective bargaining 2.blacklisting 3.the open shop 4.the sit-down strike
Correct Answer Number: 1
The Neutrality Acts passed by Congress in the mid-1930s were efforts to 1.avoid mistakes that led the country into World War I 2.create jobs for the unemployed in the military defense industry 3.support the League of Nations efforts to stop wars in Africa and Asia 4.help the democratic nations of Europe against Hitler and Mussolini
Correct Answer Number: 1
The Supreme Court declared some New Deal laws unconstitutional because these laws 1.overextended the power of the federal government 2.forced the federal government into heavy debt 3.ignored the rights of minority groups and women 4.failed to solve the problems for which they were intended
Correct Answer Number: 1
The creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority is an example of 1.federal intervention to meet regional needs 2.state-funded regional transportation 3.free-market capitalism 4.laissez-faire economics
Correct Answer Number: 1
The goal of President Harry Truman's Fair Deal was to 1.continue reforms begun during Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency 2.decrease government spending on social welfare programs 3.reduce taxes on large corporations and wealthy individuals 4.restore domestic policies that existed in the 1920s
Correct Answer Number: 1
To try to correct the problem shown in the cartoon, President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed 1.increasing the number of justices on the Supreme Court 2.raising the salaries of federal judges 3.reducing the Supreme Court's use of judicial review 4.exercising his veto power over Supreme Court decisions
Correct Answer Number: 1
What was the most likely cause of the election results shown on the map? 1.Most voters blamed President Herbert Hoover for the Great Depression. 2It is difficult to defeat an incumbent president. 3Franklin D. Roosevelt had more business experience than Herbert Hoover. 4Republican Party popularity had been declining for several elections.
Correct Answer Number: 1
Which conditions are most characteristic of an economic depression? 1.high unemployment and overproduction 2.large business investments and low taxes 3.too much money in circulation and high stock prices 4.high employment and increased real estate investments
Correct Answer Number: 1
Which economic factor was a major cause of the Great Depression? 1.purchase of stocks on credit 2.increases in taxes on business 3.reduction of tariffs on imports 4.failure to produce enough consumer goods
Correct Answer Number: 1
Which economic trend of the 1920s helped cause the Great Depression? 1.widening income gap between the rich and the poor 2.rising cost of mass-produced goods 3.falling tariff rates 4.increasing income tax rates
Correct Answer Number: 1
Which factor encouraged an American policy of neutrality during the 1930s? 1.disillusionment with World War I and its results 2.decline in the military readiness of other nations 3.repeal of Prohibition 4.economic prosperity of the period
Correct Answer Number: 1
Which generalization can best be drawn from the experiment with national Prohibition (1919-1933)? 1.Social attitudes can make laws difficult to enforce. 2.Americans resent higher taxes. 3.Morality can be legislated successfully. 4.People will sacrifice willingly for the common good.
Correct Answer Number: 1
Which statement about President Franklin D. Roosevelt's plans for a second term most accurately expresses the main idea of the cartoon? 1.Congress will give President Roosevelt a free hand to lead the nation. 2.The American people will trust Congress to control President Roosevelt. 3.President Roosevelt will seek direction from the people. 4.The Great Depression will no longer be a serious concern.
Correct Answer Number: 1
"Come all of you good workers, Good news to you I'll tell Of how the good old union Has come in here to dwell . . . Don't scab for the bosses, Don't listen to their lies. Us poor folks haven't got a chance Unless we organize." — Florence Reece, "Which Side Are You On?" This song from the 1930s expresses 1.criticism of labor unions 2.support for the rights of workers 3.sympathy for Communist Party protests 4.anger against government welfare programs
Correct Answer Number: 2
In the 1930s, shantytowns, often called "Hoovervilles," sprang up across the United States because of President Herbert Hoover's 1.support for federal programs to provide jobs for the unemployed .2refusal to provide direct federal aid to the homeless 3.efforts to help the residents return to their farms 4.emergency relief program to provide food to the poor
Correct Answer Number: 2
Much of the domestic legislation of the New Deal period was based on the idea that the federal government should 1.favor big business over labor and farming 2.assume some responsibility for the welfare of people 3.own and operate the major industries of the country 4.require local communities to be responsible for social welfare programs
Correct Answer Number: 2
One similarity between President Franklin D. Roosevelt and President Lyndon B. Johnson is that both 1.believed strongly in States rights 2. expanded the power of the Presidency 3.supported a strict construction of the Constitution 4.opposed most civil rights legislation
Correct Answer Number: 2
President Franklin D. Roosevelt's response to Supreme Court decisions that declared several New Deal laws unconstitutional was to 1.ask Congress to limit the Court's jurisdiction 2.propose legislation to increase the size of the Court 3.demand the resignation of several justices 4.ignore the Court's rulings
Correct Answer Number: 2
The National Industrial Recovery Act and the National Labor Relations Act are often cited as evidence that New Deal legislation 1.tried to keep the costs of labor down 2.sympathized with the interests of workers 3.blamed unions for slowing economic recovery 4.favored management over unions
Correct Answer Number: 2
The New Deal tried to solve many problems of the Great Depression by 1.reducing taxes on big business to stimulate job creation 2.providing federal aid to many sectors of the economy 3.lowering federal spending to maintain a balanced budget 4. decreasing foreign competition by raising tariffs
Correct Answer Number: 2
The Sherman Antitrust Act, the Social Security Act, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) are examples of 1.Federal laws designed to protect consumers from unsafe products 2.the Federal Government's response to changes in the economy 3.Federal laws designed to control spending 4.the Federal Government's attempts to regulate big business
Correct Answer Number: 2
The cartoonist is commenting on President Franklin D. Roosevelt's efforts to 1.win congressional approval for his Supreme Court nominees 2.gain Supreme Court support for his legislative program 3.set up a retirement plan for Supreme Court Justices 4.keep members of Congress off the Supreme Court Explanation: Note the strangle-hold FDR has on the Congress as he reaches to control the Supreme Court too. This is a tricky question due to choice number 3, which is a reference to FDR's "Court Packing" plan, which did propose a retirement age for justices (whom FDR referred to as "nine old men").
Correct Answer Number: 2
The strongest opposition to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs came from 1.western farmers 2.business leaders 3.factory workers 4.recent immigrants
Correct Answer Number: 2
What is the main idea of this cartoon? 1.The legislative branch disagreed with the executive branch during the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt. 2.President Franklin D. Roosevelt wanted the Supreme Court to support his programs. 3.Justices of the Supreme Court were not asked for their opinion about New Deal programs. 4.The three branches of government agreed on the correct response to the Great Depression.
Correct Answer Number: 2
What were two basic causes of the Dust Bowl during the early 1930s? 1.strip mining and toxic waste dumping 2.overfarming and severe drought 3.clear-cutting of forests and construction of railroads 4.overpopulation and urban sprawl
Correct Answer Number: 2
Which action by President Franklin D. Roosevelt challenged the principle of checks and balances? 1.frequently vetoing New Deal legislation 2.trying to increase the number of justices on the Supreme Court 3.taking over the Senate's treaty ratification power 4.desegregating defense industries
Correct Answer Number: 2
Which action was a common objective of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal and President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society? 1.eliminating nuclear weapons 2.helping those living in poverty 3.lowering barriers to immigration 4.breaking up business monopolies
Correct Answer Number: 2
Which event is most closely associated with the end of the Great Depression? 1.passage of the Social Security Act 2.beginning of World War II 3.reelection of President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940 4.announcement of the Marshall Plan
Correct Answer Number: 2
. . . I also ask this Congress for authority and for funds sufficient to manufacture additional munitions and war supplies of many kinds, to be turned over to those nations which are now in actual war with aggressor nations. Our most useful and immediate role is to act as an arsenal for them as well as for ourselves. They do not need man power, but they do need billions of dollars worth of the weapons of defense. The time is near when they will not be able to pay for them all in ready cash. We cannot, and we will not, tell them that they must surrender, merely because of present inability to pay for the weapons which we know they must have. . . . — President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Annual Message to Congress, January 6, 1941 Which program was President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposing in this speech? 1.Fair Deal 2.Great Society 3.Lend-Lease 4.Cash and Carry
Correct Answer Number: 3
Critics charged that New Deal policies favored socialism because the federal government 1.took ownership of most major industries 2.favored farmers over workers and business owners 3.increased its responsibility for the welfare of the economy 4.declined to prosecute business monopolies
Correct Answer Number: 3
During President Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) were created as a way to 1.provide jobs to those who were unemployed 2.raise revenue for relief and recovery programs 3.limit risks associated with savings and investments 4.implement the new income tax amendment
Correct Answer Number: 3
During the Great Depression, expressions such as Hoovervilles and Hoover blankets showed that President Hoover 1.was seen as a role model 2.used the military to aid the unemployed 3.was blamed for the suffering of the poor 4.supported relief and public housing for the needy
Correct Answer Number: 3
How was the situation illustrated in the cartoon resolved? 1.The United States entered World War II after the attack on Pearl Harbor. 2.The Supreme Court used its power of judicial review. 3.Congress rejected the president's plan to pack the Supreme Court. 4.The president vetoed Congress's attempt to reform the judiciary system
Correct Answer Number: 3
In the 1930s, one factor that accounted for the westward migration of farmers from the Great Plains was 1.high farm prices 2.new technologies 3.the Dust Bowl 4.the baby boom
Correct Answer Number: 3
President Franklin D. Roosevelt tried to pack the United States Supreme Court, but Congress did not support him. This situation is an example of 1.Congress undermining the separation of powers 2.the president using the unwritten constitution 3.the use of the system of checks and balances 4.how federalism was preserved by one branch of government
Correct Answer Number: 3
President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society is similar to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal in that both programs 1.sought ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment to guarantee equality for women 2.advocated passage of civil rights laws to help African Americans 3.supported federal funding of programs for the poor 4.approved efforts by states to reduce taxes for the middle class
Correct Answer Number: 3
President Roosevelt's attempt to correct the problem shown in the cartoon resulted in 1.the quick end of New Deal reforms 2.resignations of several federal judges 3.congressional rejection of the president's proposal 4.a decrease in the authority of the Supreme Court
Correct Answer Number: 3
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), established during the New Deal, were important because they 1.increased the supply of money in the economy 2.guaranteed loans to failing businesses and banks 3.attempted to restore public confidence in financial institutions 4.provided grants to unemployed workers
Correct Answer Number: 3
The New Deal changed political thinking in the United States because it supported the idea that the 1.rights of workers are less important than the interests of business 2.Supreme Court should have an important role to play in the economy 3.government should become more involved in the social and economic life of the people 4.president's foreign policy is more important than his domestic policy
Correct Answer Number: 3
The clash between President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the United States Supreme Court over New Deal laws best illustrates the operation of 1.federalism 2.due process 3.checks and balances 4.the two-party system
Correct Answer Number: 3
Which factor contributed most to the situation shown in the cartoon? 1.low tariff rates 2.shortages of consumer goods 3. nonregulation of banks 4.creation of a national bank
Correct Answer Number: 3
A lasting effect of the New Deal has been a belief that government should 1.own the principal means of producing goods and services 2.allow natural market forces to determine economic conditions .3maintain a balanced federal budget during hard economic times 4.assume responsibility for the well-being of its citizens
Correct Answer Number: 4
A major criticism of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's programs to combat the Great Depression was that these programs 1.reduced the power of the Federal Government 2.ignored the plight of homeowners with mortgages 3.provided too much protection for big business 4.made people dependent on the Federal Government
Correct Answer Number: 4
A major reason for creating the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in 1933 was to 1.build and manage a turnpike in the valley 2.provide health care benefits for southerners 3.encourage African Americans to settle in the valley 4.improve economic conditions in a poor rural region
Correct Answer Number: 4
An important factor contributing to the start of the Great Depression in the United States was the 1.increase in military spending 2.failure to maintain the gold standard 3.reduction of tariff rates 4.uneven distribution of wealth
Correct Answer Number: 4
In the 1920s, which economic factor led to the Great Depression? 1.lack of investment in the stock market 2.attempt by the United States to promote free trade 3.failure to develop new consumer goods industries 4.overproduction of farm products and manufactured goods
Correct Answer Number: 4
In the 1930s, President Franklin D. Roosevelt changed the federal government's role in the economy by 1.reducing programs to help the unemployed 2.ending efforts at trustbusting 3.raising tariffs to protect domestic industries 4.using deficit spending to stimulate economic growth
Correct Answer Number: 4
New Deal programs such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA) were primarily intended to help 1.farmers 2.homeowners 3.businesses 4.unemployed workers
Correct Answer Number: 4
One difference between the administrations of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and President Herbert Hoover is that Roosevelt was 1.unwilling to allow government agencies to establish jobs programs 2. unable to win congressional support for his economic program 3. able to ignore economic issues for most of his first term in office 4. more willing to use government intervention to solve economic problems
Correct Answer Number: 4
President Herbert Hoover's response to the Great Depression was often criticized because it 1.wasted money on new social programs 2.caused widespread rioting and looting in major cities 3.raised taxes on businesses and the wealthy 4.failed to provide direct relief for the neediest persons
Correct Answer Number: 4
President Roosevelt responded to the situation illustrated in the cartoon by 1.calling for repeal of many New Deal programs 2.demanding popular election of members of the judicial branch 3.asking voters to elect more Democrats to Congress 4. proposing to increase the number of justices on the Supreme Court
Correct Answer Number: 4
This cartoon illustrates that President Franklin D. Roosevelt caused a controversy based on 1.increased military spending in the early 1930s 2.a plan to assume some of the powers reserved to the states 3.efforts to counter the Dust Bowl with federal conservation measures 4.proposals that violated the principle of separation of powers
Correct Answer Number: 4
Which conclusion is best supported by the information on the graph? 1.The level of automobile production remained constant 2.The average American family found the automobile too expensive to purchase 3.By 1929, most of the automobiles in the world were produced in the United States 4.Changes in economic conditions led to changes in automobile production
Correct Answer Number: 4
Which situation was a basic cause of the Great Depression? 1.continued increases in wages for workers 2.excessive profits for farmers 3.overregulation of the stock market 4.overproduction of consumer goods
Correct Answer Number: 4
Which statement best illustrates a basic idea of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal? 1.Communism provides the only real solution to economic problems. 2.Unemployed workers should rely on the states rather than on the federal government for help. 3.The United States reached its economic peak in the 1920s and is now a declining industrial power. 4.The economy sometimes needs public money to encourage business activity.
Correct Answer Number: 4
The power of labor unions increased during the New Deal mainly because
Federal legislation guaranteed labor's right to organize and bargain collectively
Which New Deal program was chiefly designed to correct abuses in the stock market? Explanation: The SEC oversees the sale of stocks and bonds. The crash of the market in 1929 lead to a reexamination of the sale of stocks, buying on margin and the need for government regulation, the SEC was established in an effort to avoid a repeat of the 1929 disaster.
Securities and Exchange Commission
Statement A: "The best way to economic recovery is to subsidize industry so that it will hire more workers and expand production." Statement B: "If jobs are not available, the government must create jobs for those who are unemployed." Statement C: "According to human nature, the most talented people will always come out on top." Statement D: "Our government is responsible for the nation's economic well-being." Which statements most strongly support the actions of President Franklin D. Roosevelt?
Speaker B and Speaker D
Speaker A: "The business of America is business, and we would be wise to remember that." Speaker B:"Government ownership of business is superior to private enterprise." Speaker C:"Strict government regulation of business practices is a means to insure the public good." Speaker D:"Only through personal effort can wealth and success be achieved." Which speaker best expresses the main idea of rugged individualism?
Speaker D
Which statement is accurate about American culture during the Great Depression?
The Federal Government provided money to support the arts.
The effectiveness of the New Deal in ending the Great Depression is difficult to measure because
United States involvement in World War II rapidly accelerated economic growth
A major result of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal was
an expansion of the power of the Federal Government
A lasting result of the New Deal in the United States has been the
assumption by the Federal Government of greater responsibility for the nation's well-being
The main purpose of New Deal measures such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was to
develop rules to limit speculation and safeguard savings
The election of Franklin D. Roosevelt to the Presidency in 1932 reflected the desire of many Americans to
have government take an active role in solving economic problems
The main reason President Franklin D. Roosevelt attempted to increase the number of Justices on the United States Supreme Court was to
make the Court more supportive of New Deal programs
A major effect of the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act, 1935) was that labor unions
obtained the right to bargain collectively
"Section 202. (a) Every qualified individual shall be entitled to receive.. . on the date he attains the age of sixty-five,.. . and ending on the date of his death, an old-age benefit. . ." A major purpose of this section of Federal legislation was to
provide economic assistance to retired workers
Which New Deal reforms most directly targeted the basic problem of the victims of the Dust Bowl?
providing farmers low-cost loans and parity payments
Deficit spending by the Federal Government as a means of reviving the economy is based on the idea that
purchasing power will increase and economic growth will be stimulated
"You cannot extend the mastery of government over the daily working life of the people without, at the same time, making it the master of the people's souls and thought." -President Herbert Hoover The idea expressed in the quotation is a basis for President Hoover's belief that the problems of the Great Depression could best be solved by
relying mostly on private enterprise and individual initiative to improve economic conditions
A significant cause of the Great Depression of the 1930's was that Explanation: During the "roaring twenties" many people bought new consumer good such as cars and washing machines on credit. Many also invested in the growing US stock market with borrowed money (stocks bough "on margin"). This increased debt, combined with a lack of oversight by any government agencies, was a contributing factor to the great depression.
some banking policies were unsound and had led to the overexpansion of credit
In the 1930's, the enactment of New Deal programs demonstrated a belief that Explanation: During the election of 1932, FDR offered "a New Deal for the American people". FDR's New Deal involved social programs to aid the unemployed, elderly, farmers and businesses. The result was a massive shift from a federal government unwilling to directly address the needs of the people to one that created jobs, paid unemployment benefits and provided social security after retirement.
the Federal Government must concern itself with the people's economic well-being
Critics charged that President Franklin D. Roosevelt's plan to increase the number of Supreme Court Justices was clearly in conflict with Explanation: Following decisions finding some New Deal programs unconstitutional in cases such as Schecter Poultry Corp. v. United States (1935) and United States v. Butler (1936), FDR reacted with his court packing proposals. He attempted to increase the number of Supreme Court justices to 12 and require them retire at age 70. These proposals were rejected by the Congress and the nation as placing too much power in the president's hands and upsetting the concept of checks and balances established by the Constitution.
the constitutional principle of checks and balances
When the Great Depression began in 1929, the most common economic belief supported by the Republican Party was that
the economy would recover on its own
