GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
An infant appears very fussy, cries loudly, and draws up its legs to the abdomen. What does the nurse suspect to be the cause of these behaviors?
Feeding the infant cow's milk
In which type of play does a child experience pleasure by swinging?
Sense pleasure play
While sitting on the counter, a child touches a pan on the stove and burns her hands. The child learns that it is not safe to touch objects on the stove. Which stage of Piaget's cognitive development does the child's behavior demonstrate?
Sensorimotor
What stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development defines "right" by the decision of the conscience?
Universal ethical principle orientation
Which statement by the practicing nurse indicates the need for additional teaching about communication with adolescents?
"I will ask closed-ended questions."
An anxious parent of a 6-year-old child expresses that the child looks slimmer than a year ago, although the nurse finds the child's height and weight to be age-appropriate. What is the nurse's response to the parent?
"The fat has diminished, and the fat distribution pattern has changed."
The parent of an 8-year-old child is worried that the child is very thin and looks unattractive due to large teeth. What is the nurse's best response?
"The pattern of fat distribution changes in children of this age."
The parent of a 7-year-old child states, "My 7-year-old is the same size as my friend's 10-year-old. I get embarrassed when we are all out together, as my child is not nearly so well behaved." What is the best response from the nurse?
"Your child's behavior is age-appropriate."
A father expresses concern that his 2-year-old daughter has become a "finicky eater" and is eating less. How should the nurse respond?
"Your daughter's behavior is expected in response to her slower growth."
What does is the average weight of a 5-year old child?
41 pounds (18.59 kg)
At what age does an infant achieve permanent eye color?
6 months
How many hours of sleep should the nurse recommend for an 11-year-old client?
9
Which assessment finding in a newborn indicates impaired vision?
Absence of corneal reflex
Which stage of Freud's psychosexual development does the nurse observe in a 3-year-old child?
Anal stage
Which statements are true about autism? Select all that apply.
Autism is a developmental disorder of brain functioning. Autism affects the normal development of intelligence and behavior. Autism spectrum disorder refers to a broad group of varied developmental disabilities.
Which family has at least one step-parent and step-sibling?
Blended family
An 8-year-old child is being prepared for surgery the next day. How should the nurse present preoperative instructions to this child?
By focusing on simple anatomic diagrams
A preschooler says he wishes his sibling would die, and then the sibling falls ill with an infection. The preschooler feels guilty for wishing harm to his sibling. What is the best action for the parents to take in this scenario?
Explain to the child that wishes do not make things happen.
Which theory explains psychosexual development from infancy to adolescence?
Freud's theory
Which immunoglobulins (Ig) are transferred from a mother to a fetus?
IgG
According to Erikson, which stage in a young adult describes the development of the sense of caring for others?
Intimacy versus isolation
Which nursing action is most accurate when assessing the chest circumference of a newborn during the initial physical assessment?
Placing the measuring tape around the rib cage at the nipple line
Which type of family presents stresses that include jealousies and losses?
Reconstituted family
A child who is unable to master his schoolwork received low scores. What behavior could result if the child is not encouraged by teacher or parents?
Sense of inferiority
When assessing the cognitive development of a 9-year-old child, which characteristic indicates inadequate cognitive development?
The child believes there are more blocks when spread out on the floor than in the container.
Which finding indicates an 8-year-old is a latchkey child?
The child is unsupervised at home after school.
A 2-year-old child attempts to jump, but falls down, and everyone around starts laughing at the child. What would be the result, if this pattern keeps repeating?
The child will develop doubt and shame.
The mother of a toddler is anxious about her child's eating habits because the child is very fussy and doesn't eat well. What should the nurse explain to the mother?
The child's eating habits are normal for this age.
The school notes that children entering kindergarten and first grade tend to acquire more infections than children who are enrolled in the upper grades. What reason does the nurse identify for this observation?
The children have increased exposure to infection.
The nurse finds that an 8-year-old girl has a large collection of dolls. What should the nurse understand from the girl's behavior?
The girl enjoys collecting the dolls.
A registered nurse advises parents to assist their child with stretching exercises. The child has impaired physical mobility due to neuromuscular impairment. What is the rationale for performing stretching exercises?
To prevent contractures
What is the site of choice for administration of an intramuscular (IM) medication to an infant?
Vastus lateralis
The nurse teaches a parent about managing nocturnal enuresis for a 7-year-old child. Which action by the parent would be helpful in managing the child?
Waking up the child at night to use the bathroom
A 6-month-old infant is admitted to the pediatric unit with a diagnosis of failure to thrive. The birthweight was 7 lb. Judging from growth and development charts, how many pounds does the nurse conclude that the infant should weigh?
14
The nurse is preparing to assess several clients at a pediatric clinic. Which client would require a developmental screening versus developmental surveillance during a scheduled health maintenance visit?
A 9-month-old infant
Which playtime activity would best promote linguistic development in toddlers?
A children's TV program
What is a goal for organized athletics for school-age children?
A life-long enjoyment of fitness
The nurse is explaining to the mother of two teenage children why her daughter's height is less than her son's height. What is the reason for lower overall height in girls compared with boys?
Closure of epiphyses because of estrogen secretion
What is a physical clinical manifestation of autism?
Constipation
A nurse suspects that a child he is examining is experiencing physical neglect. Which symptoms might the nurse be observing? Select all that apply.
Dehydration Malnutrition Skin breakdown
Which are signs of inadequate sleep in school-age children? Select all that apply.
Fatigue Irritability Inattention
Which event is considered to be the hallmark of late puberty in young girls?
First menstrual period
Which period of Piaget's theory covers the prevalence of egocentrism in adolescents?
Formal operations
While assessing an infant, the nurse strokes the infant's cheek and the infant turns toward the nurse while making sucking sounds. What reflex did the nurse elicit?
Rooting reflex
Which gross motor skill can be observed in a 7-month-old infant?
Sits alone without support
A 14-month-old toddler is able to recognize the shapes of objects and fit smaller boxes into larger boxes. Which type of cognitive development does this action indicate?
Spatial relationship
What nursing intervention does a nurse provide during the initiative versus guilt stage?
Teaching parents about child impulse control
After interacting with a preschooler, the nurse concludes that the child has normal development according to Fowler's spiritual development. Which behavior of the child supports the nurse's conclusion?
The child imitates the adults as they pray.
Which statement by a mother indicates the need for additional teaching about safety guidelines for infants and toddlers?
"I will give my child hard candies for chewing."
The registered nurse is teaching the mother of an infant about the prevention of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Which statement by the mother indicates effective learning?
"I will position my baby on the back while sleeping."
Acetaminophen 15 mg/kg is prescribed for a child with a temperature of 102° F (38.9° C). How much will the nurse tell the parent to administer if the child weighs 9.6 kg and the acetaminophen strength is 160 mg/5 mL? Record your answer using one decimal place. ___ mL
2
Which disorder is the most common congenital chromosomal abnormality?
Down syndrome
Which behavioral quality involves demonstrating the feelings and behaviors characterized by self-consciousness?
Egocentricity
During a home visit, the nurse finds that a 9-year-old child is very fond of riding on a scooter. The nurse teaches the child and the family about the safety measures to be followed. Which action of the child indicates a need for additional teaching?
Riding the scooter at night when there is less traffic
While assessing a newborn, the nurse strokes the newborn's cheek and observes for a response. What reflex does the newborn produce in response to the nurse's stimulation?
Rooting reflex
Which factors most likely contribute to nightmares in school-age children? Select all that apply.
Stress Overtiredness Violence on television
Which concerns are a priority for limiting risk and promoting health in adolescents? Select all that apply.
Suicide Accidents Interpersonal violence
The parents of a toddler who has been admitted to the pediatric unit for surgery to correct hypospadias ask the nurse when this defect happened. The nurse responds that it usually occurs during what part of fetal development?
The first 12 weeks
The nurse is evaluating the dietary plan of a 6-month-old infant. Which action by the infant's mother needs correction?
The mother gives low-fat milk to the infant in a bottle.
While assessing a newborn, the nurse finds a pink rash with papules on the thorax and abdomen. What does the nurse infer from this finding?
The neonate has erythema toxicum.