gynecological and obstetrical surgery
labia minora
are bisectional composed of tow sections and lie directly beneath the the labia majora
fimbriae
are small projections that extend from the end of the tube. Finger-like ends of the fallopian tubes.
labia majora
are two external folds of adipose tissue that envelop the perineal area.
the middle portion is called the
body
vasopressin( pitressin)
causes construction of blood vessels when injected. this drug is used for emergency cardiac response, may be injected into the uterus during hysterectomy .
the fibrous outer layer of the ovary is called the
cortex, it contains follicles that hold ova in different stages of maturity .
this forms a pouch called the
cul-de-sac, the fold is called the bladder flap.
gynecology
focuses on the treatment and prevention of diseases affecting the female reproductive system.
the recessed areas around the cervix are referred to as
fornices
the two sections come together anteriorly where they are attacked by the
frenulum
gynecology requires a
high level of knowledge not only anatomy and physiology, but also important factors that influence the process of childbirth.
clitoris
is a highly vascular organ that contains sensitive erectile tissue, it projects slightly from te anterior folds of the labia minora. Female erectile tissue between the labia
vagina or vaginal vault
is a muscular passageway that shares a thick fibrous wall with the rectum on the posterior side and the bladder on the anterior side.
mons pubis
is a raised mound of tissue that protects the symphysis pubis -round, firm pad of adipose tissue covering the symphysis pubi
uterus
is a roughly pear shaped, approximately 3 inches long and 2 inches deep, it housed and protects the fetus during pregnancy.
myometrium
is a thick muscular layer that is a continuous with the muscles of the vagina and the fallopian tubes. it contracts during childbirth and menses. Musclar middle layer of the uterus
Hymen
is a thin vascular fold of tissue that attaches around the entrance around the vagina. it separates the vagina from the vestibule.
Oxytocin ( pitocin)
is administered after delivery of the fetus and placenta to prevent postpartum hemorrhage.
lugol solution
is also used during colposcopy for staining the cervix during the schiller test
the medulla
is composed of connective and vascular tissue. vesicles in the medulla hold the immature ova, which are stimulated to mature after puberty.
perineum
is located between the posterior vaginal wall and the anus.
the lower portion
is the cervix
the cervix
is the lower neck of the uterus, it extends into the vaginal vault.
perimetrium or outer serous layer of the uterus
is the reflection of the abdominal peritoneum over the bladder.
Acetic acid( monsel solution)
is used during colposcopy to reveal areas of abnormal cervical tissue
methylen blue dye
is used during hysterosalpinogography to verify the patency of the fallopian tubes.
cardinal ligaments
lie below the broad ligaments and provide the primary support for the uterus. These extend from the upper part of the uterus to the pelvic side wall and help support the cervix
Bartholin glands
lie on both sides of the vestibule and secrete mucus during sexual intercourse.
surgical technologist are employed in the
obstetrical department or free standing childbirth center.
uterus and associated organs
of the female reproductive system are located in the anterior female pelvic cavity.
vestibule
refers collectively to all the structures located within the labia minora. the vestibular glands collectively include the skene glands and the Bartholin glands.
ovaries
secrete the female hormones, they lie on each side of the uterus in the upper portion, they are suspended by the mesovarium,
broad ligaments
suspend the uterus from the pelvic wall. This drapes over ovaries, fallopian tubes, vascular structures, nerves etc and provides minimal support for the uterus
the fallopian tubes, the ovaries, and their ligaments are collectively called
the adnexa
the opening of the cervix is called
the cervical os , the os is dilated for transservical procedures , it also dilates naturally under hormonal influence during childbirth.
the superior portion of the uterus, which lies above the insertion of the fallopian tubes is called
the fundus
each fallopian tube has four sections
the interstitial section, which connects to the uterus, the narrow isthmus in the midportion, the ampulla which is the widened portion of the tube, and the infundibulum, the terminal end of the tube.
menarche
the onset of menstrual periods, until menopause.
a fold of skin is called
the prepuce or hood,
above the broad ligaments, near the fallopian tubes lie
the round ligaments which help suspend the uterus anteriorly.
vulva
the structures that together make up the external genitalia
the cervix is 0.8 to 1.2 inches long and communicates directly with the
vagina through a small orifice called the external os. during labor and deliver the os dilates as the cervix thins.
endometrium
which lines the uterus, changes during hormonal influence and with pregnancy, it is a continuous with the lining of the fallopian tubes and the vagina Inner lining of the uterus