gynecological and obstetrical surgery

labia minora

are bisectional composed of tow sections and lie directly beneath the the labia majora

fimbriae

are small projections that extend from the end of the tube. Finger-like ends of the fallopian tubes.

labia majora

are two external folds of adipose tissue that envelop the perineal area.

the middle portion is called the

body

vasopressin( pitressin)

causes construction of blood vessels when injected. this drug is used for emergency cardiac response, may be injected into the uterus during hysterectomy .

the fibrous outer layer of the ovary is called the

cortex, it contains follicles that hold ova in different stages of maturity .

this forms a pouch called the

cul-de-sac, the fold is called the bladder flap.

gynecology

focuses on the treatment and prevention of diseases affecting the female reproductive system.

the recessed areas around the cervix are referred to as

fornices

the two sections come together anteriorly where they are attacked by the

frenulum

gynecology requires a

high level of knowledge not only anatomy and physiology, but also important factors that influence the process of childbirth.

clitoris

is a highly vascular organ that contains sensitive erectile tissue, it projects slightly from te anterior folds of the labia minora. Female erectile tissue between the labia

vagina or vaginal vault

is a muscular passageway that shares a thick fibrous wall with the rectum on the posterior side and the bladder on the anterior side.

mons pubis

is a raised mound of tissue that protects the symphysis pubis -round, firm pad of adipose tissue covering the symphysis pubi

uterus

is a roughly pear shaped, approximately 3 inches long and 2 inches deep, it housed and protects the fetus during pregnancy.

myometrium

is a thick muscular layer that is a continuous with the muscles of the vagina and the fallopian tubes. it contracts during childbirth and menses. Musclar middle layer of the uterus

Hymen

is a thin vascular fold of tissue that attaches around the entrance around the vagina. it separates the vagina from the vestibule.

Oxytocin ( pitocin)

is administered after delivery of the fetus and placenta to prevent postpartum hemorrhage.

lugol solution

is also used during colposcopy for staining the cervix during the schiller test

the medulla

is composed of connective and vascular tissue. vesicles in the medulla hold the immature ova, which are stimulated to mature after puberty.

perineum

is located between the posterior vaginal wall and the anus.

the lower portion

is the cervix

the cervix

is the lower neck of the uterus, it extends into the vaginal vault.

perimetrium or outer serous layer of the uterus

is the reflection of the abdominal peritoneum over the bladder.

Acetic acid( monsel solution)

is used during colposcopy to reveal areas of abnormal cervical tissue

methylen blue dye

is used during hysterosalpinogography to verify the patency of the fallopian tubes.

cardinal ligaments

lie below the broad ligaments and provide the primary support for the uterus. These extend from the upper part of the uterus to the pelvic side wall and help support the cervix

Bartholin glands

lie on both sides of the vestibule and secrete mucus during sexual intercourse.

surgical technologist are employed in the

obstetrical department or free standing childbirth center.

uterus and associated organs

of the female reproductive system are located in the anterior female pelvic cavity.

vestibule

refers collectively to all the structures located within the labia minora. the vestibular glands collectively include the skene glands and the Bartholin glands.

ovaries

secrete the female hormones, they lie on each side of the uterus in the upper portion, they are suspended by the mesovarium,

broad ligaments

suspend the uterus from the pelvic wall. This drapes over ovaries, fallopian tubes, vascular structures, nerves etc and provides minimal support for the uterus

the fallopian tubes, the ovaries, and their ligaments are collectively called

the adnexa

the opening of the cervix is called

the cervical os , the os is dilated for transservical procedures , it also dilates naturally under hormonal influence during childbirth.

the superior portion of the uterus, which lies above the insertion of the fallopian tubes is called

the fundus

each fallopian tube has four sections

the interstitial section, which connects to the uterus, the narrow isthmus in the midportion, the ampulla which is the widened portion of the tube, and the infundibulum, the terminal end of the tube.

menarche

the onset of menstrual periods, until menopause.

a fold of skin is called

the prepuce or hood,

above the broad ligaments, near the fallopian tubes lie

the round ligaments which help suspend the uterus anteriorly.

vulva

the structures that together make up the external genitalia

the cervix is 0.8 to 1.2 inches long and communicates directly with the

vagina through a small orifice called the external os. during labor and deliver the os dilates as the cervix thins.

endometrium

which lines the uterus, changes during hormonal influence and with pregnancy, it is a continuous with the lining of the fallopian tubes and the vagina Inner lining of the uterus