Health 103 Exam 1 Chapters 1-7

Signs and symptoms of heart attack

- Chest pain lasting longer than 3 to 5 minutes or going away and coming back. - Discomfort or pain that spreads to one or both arms, the back, the shoulder, the neck the jaw or the upper part of the stomach - Dizziness or light headedness - Trouble breathing, including noisy breathing, shortness of breath or breathing faster than normal - Nausea or vomiting - Pale, ashen or slighly bluish skin especially around the face and fingers - Sweating - Feeling of anxiety or impending doom - Extreme fatigue - Unresponsivenes

Angina Pectoris

- Chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen - Caused by coronary arteries narrowing and the heart needs more oxygen - Nitroclycerin is a medication that causes the arteries to dilate (widen) allowing more oxygen through to the heart and relieving the pain

A person has a broken leg. Which body systems might be affected by this injury? Select ALL that may apply.

- Circulatory - Musculoskeletal - Nervous

Body Cavities

- Cranial Brain - Spinal Spinal cord - Thoracic Heart & Lungs - Abdominal- Stomach, Intestines, liver, spleen, gall bladder, kidneys - Pelvic- bladder, rectum and internal female reproductive organs

General Care Guidelines

- Do no further harm - Monitor the person's breathing and level of consciousness - Help the person rest in the most comfortable position - Keep the person from getting chilled or overheated - Reassure the person that you will help and EMS is on the way - Give care consistent with your knowledge and level of training

Reasons why people hesitate or do not act after recognizing an emergency include:

- Fear of being sued - Fear of causing more harm - Assuming the situation is already under control

Which signs or symptom would indicate a breathing emergency?

- Flushed, pale, ashen or bluish skin color - Dizziness or light-headedness - Gasping for breath

Scene size up- what items should we look for?

- Is the scene safe to enter - What happened - What is your initial impression about the nature of the person's injury or illness - Is anyone available to help

Signs and symptoms of choking

- Panicked, confused or surprised facial expression - May place a hand or both hands on throat - Unable to speak, cough, cry - May hear high pitched squeaking noises as person tries to breathe - Person's skin may appear flushed (red), but will become pale or bluish in color

4 Life threatening Conditions

- Unresponsiveness - Trouble breathing - Absence of breathing - Severe, life threatening bleeding

Obtaining consent

- Your name - Type and level of training - What you think is wrong - What you plan to do - Ask if you may help

Interruptions of chest compressions during CPR to give 2 breaths should be limited to less than:

10 seconds

Each minute that CPR and use of an AED is delayed reduces a person's chance of survival by about ________ percent.

10%

The cycle of compressions to breaths in CPR for an adult is:

30 compressions for every 2 breaths

Respiratory distress

A condition in which a person is having trouble breathing or requires extra effort to breathe

Respiratory arrest

A condition in which breathing has stopped, but the heart has not stopped breathing

Any part toward the front of the body would be described as:

Anterior

Which of the following would be an easy way to tell if an injured or ill person is awake and showing signs of life?

Ask the person if they are OK

When performing chest compressions on an adult, you would compress the chest to which depth?

At least 2 inches

You have been giving back blows and abdominal thrusts to an adult who is choking, but your efforts have been ineffective and the person becomes unresponsive. Which action would you do first?

Begin CPR with chest compressions

Which of the following would you do when checking a person who appears to be unresponsive?

Check for responsiveness and breathing simultaneously.

When handling an emergency involving an adult, you perform the three emergency action steps correctly by doing which of the following?

Checking the scene and the person, calling 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number, then caring for the person

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR):

Circulates blood that contains oxygen to the vital organs

Arteries are part of which body system?

Circulatory

Which would you use to move a person with a suspected head, neck, or spinal injury?

Clothes drag

Anatomical airway obstruction

Complete or partial blockage of the airway by the tongue or swollen tissues of the mouth and throat. - injury to the neck - anaphylaxis

Performing CPR on an infant is similar to performing CPR on an adult except that for an infant, you would:

Compress the infant's chest about 1-1/2 inches

To give abdominal thrusts, you would position your covered fist:

Just above the navel

You have determined that an infant is choking. Where would you position the infant's head?

Lower than the chest

Body systems

Musculoskeletal System ■ Muscles and bones Respiratory System ■ Trachea, Lungs > Bronchioles, Alveoli Circulatory system ■ Heart, arteries, veins, capilaries The Nervous System ■ Brain, spinal cord, nerves The Integumentary System ■ Skin The endocrine system ■ Hormones and some body organs & glands Pancreas, Adrenals, pituitary The digestive system ■ Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines / colon, rectum, anus The genitourinary system ■ Kidneys and bladder, urethra, penis The reproductive system ■ Uterus, ovaries, vagina

You pass by the scene of a car crash and notice that there appears to be another trained lay responder at the scene. As a bystander, not a first responder, what action could you take?

Offer to call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number or to direct emergency medical services (EMS) personnel to the scene.

Airway Obstruction

One of the most common causes of breathing emergencies

The head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver is used to:

Open an airway.

The classic symptom of a heart attack is:

Persistent chest pain, discomfort or pressure.

What term is used to describe a person who is lying face-down on their stomach?

Prone

The trained lay responder's first step in an emergency is to

Recognize that an emergency exists

A condition in which breathing has stopped is called:

Respiratory arrest

The Check step of the emergency action steps CHECK—CALL—CARE is a check for safety and a check for:

Responsiveness

If, during the second analysis, the AED prompts "no shock advised," you should:

Resume CPR until the AED reanalyzes or you find an obvious sign of life

SAMPLE

S= Signs and symptoms A= Allergies M= Medications P= Pertinent medical history L= Last food or drink E= Events leading up to the incident

Three reasons it may be necessary to move a person are when you must move the person to protect them from immediate danger, when you have to get to another person who may have a more serious problem, or when it is necessary to give proper care. T/F?

True

True or false: A person who is responsive, has a heartbeat and has signs of life can have a life-threatening emergency.

True

True or false: Care for an infant who is awake and has an airway obstruction begins with 5 back blows.

True

You are caring for an infant who is choking and still awake. Match the following actions with their correct order: I. Give 5 back blows. II. Have someone call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number III. Give 5 chest thrusts. IV. Position the infant face-down on your forearm. V. Position the infant face-up on your forearm.

II. Have someone call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number IV. Position the infant face-down on your forearm. I. Give 5 back blows. V. Position the infant face-up on your forearm. III. Give 5 chest thrusts.

First Aid For Choking - Conscious adult/child

- 5 Back Blows - 5 Abdominal Thrusts Keep going until the object is dislodged and they can breathe or they become unresponsive Carefully lower the person to the ground and begin CPR , ensure 911 has been called Start with compressions and before giving breaths look for the object - Too large to wrap your hands around the person ■ chest thrusts - Obviously pregnant ■ chest thrusts same as a larger person - Person in a wheelchair You may need to kneel as you would with a child If the chair obstructs your ability to give abdominal thrusts then give chest thrusts - You are alone ■ Call 911 (from a landline if possible)■ Even if unable to speak the dispatcher will send someone to investigate Give yourself abdominal thrusts just as you would someone else use the back of a chair to perform abdominal thrust

First Aid for Choking - Infant

- 5 back blows - Place your forearm along the infant's front - Cradle jaw in your hand - Place your arm on your leg positioning infant's head below its body - With heel of your hand deliver 5 back blows between shoulder blades - 5 chest thrusts - Place your other forearm along infant's back - Cradle the back of the infant's head in your hand - Making the infant a sandwich between your arms carefully turn it over chest up - Place your arm on your leg positioning infant's head below its body - With index and middle finger deliver 5 chest thrusts on the sternum just below the nipple line - Chest thrusts should be 1 1⁄2" deep and allow chest to return to normal between each - Continue until object is dislodged or infant becomes unresponsive Begin CPR starting with compressions Look for object before giving breaths. Perform finger sweep only if you see an object

Care first

- A unresponsive child or infant younger than 12 years old who you did not see collapse - Person choking - Severe allergic reaction - Severe life-threatening bleeding

Positions

- Anatomical Position - Supine - Prone - Right / Left lateral recumbent - Fowler's Position

Call first

- Any person above 12 years old who is unresponsive - A child or infant who you saw suddenly collapse - An unresponsive child or infant known to have heart problems

Causes of respiratory distress and respiratory arrest

- COPD - COPD Emphysema - Bronchitis - Acute (viral infection) - COPD Chronic Bronchitis - Hyperventilation - Allergic reactions - Anaphylaxis - Croup - Epiglottitis

How are blood borne pathogens spread?

1) A pathogen must be present 2) There is sufficient quantity of the pathogen 3) The pathogen passes through the correct entry site 4) A person is susceptible to the pathogen

Cardiac Chain of Survival Child

1. Prevention 2. Early CPR 3. Activation of EMS 4. Early advanced life support (EMS) 5. Integrated postcardiac arrest care

Cardiac Chain of Survival Adult

1. Recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of EMS 2. Early CPR 3. Early defibrillation 4. Early advanced life support (EMS) 5. Integrated postcardiac arrest care

4 steps to CHECK

1. Recognize that an emergency exists 2. Deciding to take action 3. Activating EMS 4. Giving care consistent with your level of training until EMS arrives

If the respiratory system fails, which other body systems will eventually fail?

All body systems

A severe allergic reaction, such as from a bee sting, is called ________. Must spell correctly to get it right.

Anaphylaxis

When performing CPR on a child, you would compress the chest at a rate:

Between 100 and 120 compressions per minute

Transverse or Axial plane

Divides horizontally into superior and inferior

Frontal or coronal plane

Divides vertically into two planes (anterior and posterior)

Sagittal or lateral plane

Divides vertically into two planes (left and right)

What is the worst thing you can do in an emergency?

Do nothing

True or false: Calling 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number is the first step you should take in any emergency.

False

True or false: The most important thing you can do in an emergency is give first aid or CPR.

False

First aid care for Cardiac Arrest

For each minute that CPR and use of an AED are delayed the person's chance of survival is reduced by about 10% - Have someone call 911 immediately - Begin CPR immediately - Use an AED as soon as possible

The top priority of a trained lay responder is to:

Get professional help to the injured or ill person as soon as possible.

Head-to-toe-check

Head and neck shoulders chest and abdomen hips legs and feet arms and hands back

An adult is awake and breathing normally. Your head-to-toe check reveals only a small bruise on the forehead. As you continue talking to the person, you notice that they are becoming increasingly confused and disoriented. Which action should you do?

Immediately call emergency medical services (EMS) personnel, as this person might be developing a life-threatening condition.

You are giving first aid to a child who has fallen off a bike. An untrained bystander who is not wearing gloves picks up the gauze with blood on it. The bystander's action is an example of exposure through -

Indirect contact

When communicating with the emergency medical dispatcher (EMD), what would be most important to provide?

The exact address or location of the injured person(s)

Pain associated with a heart attack results from:

The heart not getting the oxygen that it needs

A person has an anatomical airway obstruction. The cause would most likely be:

The tongue

Mechanical airway obstruction

When the airway is blocked by a foreign object such as a piece of food or small toy or fluids such as vomit or blood

Which of the following is the most important reason for checking the scene before approaching to help an injured or ill person?

You might become injured or ill yourself if the scene is unsafe