health - ch 12

CANCER AND THE DIET

direst link between diet and cancer consume diet high in fruits, vegetables and whole grains - cut down fats, fried, meats and alcohol limit processed foods and refined carbs lifestyle and diet reduce cancer by 42% increase immune system with right foods and nutrients best allies to fight cancer are fruits and vegetables - at least 5 servings limit intake of sugar - cancer cells thrive on sugar choose foods high in vitamin A and beta-carotene vitamin C is important to help immune system

fiber helps

elimination of wastes carrying toxins, carcinogens, and waste - source whole bread, oats

selenium

essential trace element - efficient antioxidant - enhances activity of vitamin E - garlic, eggs, shellfish, mushrooms, sesame seeds, herring,cashew nuts, asparagus

breast cancer prevention

exercise

dietary factors for cause of cancer

fat and meat - colon, stomach, prostate alcohol - average of 3 drinks day doubles risk fried foods - use of acrylamide role of fiber - colon, breast fruits and vegetables -contain carotenoids that block initiation of cancer

risk factors for breast cancer

first-degree relative with breast cancer early onset menstruation having no children or first one after 30 currently using HRT' obesity alcohol consumption

lymphoma

form of cancer that begins in the lymph nodes and then may spread to almost any part of the body 2 types - Non-Hodgkins - more common and more deadly Hodgkins's Disease

metastasizing

form of cancer traveling and seeding process

DNA role in cause of cancer

genetics - mutation - change in the makeup of a gene oncogenes - genes that are mutated cancer promoters - accelerate cell growth - estrgoen example

other causes of cancer

inactivity and obesity carcinogens in environment - ingested chemicals, environmental and industrial pollutants, radiation, microbes - 15% of world's cancers caused by

first line of defense against cancer____ second line of defense______

lifestyle changes early detection

oral cancer affects____

lip, tongue, mouth and throat

common cancers

lung colon and rectal breast prostate

_________ is the most common cause of cancer death.

lung cancer

benign tumor

made up of cells that are similar to the surrounding normal cells and are enclosed in a membrane that prevents them from spreading to other tissues - not usually dangerous

melanoma skin cancer

malignant tumor of the skin arising from pigment cells, usually a mole - most danger form of skin cancer

breast cancer detection

mammograms, clinical breast exams, self breast exams monthy

tumor is

mass of tissue that serves no physiological purpose

there are no screening, tests or symptoms for _________ cancer

ovarian

screenings for cervical cancer are usually performed by pap test via____

pelvic exam

_______ is most common type of cancer when cases of the highly curable forms are included

skin cancer

polyps

small growths that develop and cause bleeding from the rectum

oral cancer traced to use of ________ and _______

smokeless tobacco and excessive alcohol use

cheese is a superfood because

sometimes avoided because of fat excellent source of calcium supplies zinc for hair and nail growth helps migraines

metastasis

spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another can spread through blood vessels, lymphatic system

raspberries are a superfood because

supply vitamin C, calcium, potassium, iron, and magnesium have a cooling effect - useful in fever naturally astringent - good for digestive tract

primary treatment for colon cancer is

surgery

oral cancer treatment

surgery radiation

lung cancer treatment

surgery radiation and chemotherapy

breast cancer treatment

surgery, chemotherapy, radiation

cervical cancer treatment

surgical removal chemotherapy radiation hysterectomy

treatment for prostate cancer

surgical removal radiation

ovarian cancer treatment

surgical removal of ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus

treatment for testicular cancer

surgical removal of tumors chemotherapy

______ of lung cancer do not usually appear until after the disease has advanced to invasive stage

symptoms

malignant tumor

synonymous with cancer. - capable of invading surrounding structures (blood vessels, lymphatic system, nerves)

most common cancer in men age 20-36 is

testicular

cancer is

the abnormal, uncontrolled growth of cells, which left untreated, can ultimately cause death

__________ is responsible for about one-third of all cancer deaths

tobacco

chief risk factor for lung cancer is _________

tobacco smoke

bladder cancer is _____ as common in men as in women - sign is blood in urine, frequent urination

twice

incidence of oral cancer is _______ as great in men as in women and most frequent in men over 40

twice

skin cancer prevention

wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, hats use sunscreen 30+SPF apply sunscreen 30 min before and 15-30 minutes after sun exposure begins avoid sun between 10am and 4 pm check UV index avoid tanning salons examine skin on regular basis

testicular cancer more common in ______ than other ethnic groups

white Americans

every case of cancer begins as _________ that allows it to grow and divide when it should not and produces abnormal cells

a change in a cell

risk factors for prostate cancer

age - over 65 African American heredity lifestyle factors

preventing cancer

avoid tobacco control diet and weight exercise regularly protect skin from sun avoid environmental and occupational carcinogens

_____ cancer develops for no apparent reason symptoms - headache, fatigue, behavioral changes, seizures

brain

________ cancer is most common cancer in women is US 1 in 8

breast

testicular cancer is rare accounting for only___% of cancers in me

1

at current us rates, nearly ________ men and more than ________ women will develop cancer at some point in their lives

1 in 2 men 1 in 3 women

cancer is responsible for ________ deaths in the U.S. every day

1 in 4 or 1500

each year _____ people are diagnosed with cancer and about 560,000 will die

2.5 million

a baby is born with how many bones

300

only about 15% of lung cancer patients are alive _____ years after diagnosis

5

risk of skin cancer doubles in people who have had ___ or more sunburns in their lifetime

5

kidney cancer usually occurs in people over ___ symptoms - fatigue, pain in side, blood in urine

50

pancreatic cancer is the _____ leading cause of cancer death in US - no effective cure

5th

males ____ and taller are twice as likely to develop colon cancer

6'3"

more than ______% of colon cancer cases diagnosed in people over 50

90

fiber is important to fight cancer

90% of Americans do not consume enough fiber

basal cell and squamous cell toetgher account for _____% of skin cancers diagnosed each year

95

_______- is the second most common cause of death in the US, after heart disease

cancer

endometrial cancer

cancer of the lining of the uterus - mostly occurs after 55

leukemia

cancer of the white blood cells, starts in bone marrow no known risk factors 20% adult leukemia related to smoking, radiation, chemicals, infections

cancers of female reproductive tract

cervical uterine or endometrial ovarial

CAUTION - 7 WARNING SINGS OF CANCER

C-CHANGES IN BOWEL OR BLADDER A - SORE THROAT THAT DOES NOT HEAL U - UNUSUAL BLEEDING OR DISCHARGE T - THICKENING OR LUMP IN BREASTS OR ELSEWHERE I - INDIGESTION OR DIFFICULTY IN SWALLOWING O - OBVIOUS CHANGE IN A WART OR MOLE N - NAGGING COUGH OR HOARSENESS

cervical cancer vaccine

Gardasil - doesn't protect against all

most cases of cervical cancer stem from ____

HVP Human Papillomavirus infection

skin cancer - basal cell carcinoma

develops in deepest layers of skin

squamous cell carcinoma

develops on surface levels of skin

___________ account for another one-third of cancer deaths

diet and exercise

primary risk factor for skin cancer is exposure th ultraviolet rays from sum

UVA - longer wavelength dames connective tissue leads to premature aging of skin UVB - shorter wavelength, causes sunburn, damages eyes and immune system

risk factors/detection/treatment of endometrial cancer

similar to breast cancer

__________ is the most common cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer death in men

prostate cancer

ovarian cancer

rare but 5th most deadly among women

detection of prostate cancer

rectal exam or PSA blood test

water is important in fighting cancer

rid body of toxins, carcinogens, chemical residue and build-up our bodies are 60% water mane need 13 cups women 9

colorectal cancer (colon) is the _________ leading cause of cancer death

second

cervical cancer is at least in part a ____________

sexually transmitted disease