Hematopoiesis (Lecture 1 Exam)
Flow cytometry
Technique which allow a flow of single cells (one by one) through a photo cell to measure, identify, & count cells. Cells are stained with reagents (fluorochromes) that are antibodies that have been chemically linked to fluorescent dyes. These fluorescent dyes have affinities for specific cell constituents. Only cells expressing the molecule (or Ag) recognized by Ab will be stained with the fluorochrome. Called immunophenotyping.
2 types of CD nomeclature
moAb Flow cytometry
List the development sequence for hematopoiesis.
Cell proliferation Cell differentiation Cell maturation
What is the function of lymphocytes?
Cellular and humoral immunity.
Cell Cycle Kinetics: List of cycle and what happens
G0 Resting (Dormant phase after division) G1 RNA & protein synthesis S DNA synthesis G2 Premitotic M Mitosis Tg One complete mitotic division Gnd Non-dividing cell ***Apoptosis- programmed cell death***
Hematopoiesis Timeline (Ontogeny)
-First few weeks of embryonic life, hematopoiesis begins in the yolk sac. -During the 2nd month, in the fetal liver. -3rd-6th month-splenic hematopoiesis occurs -7th month-shift from the liver to the bone marrow. Birth-liver & spleen hematopoietic cell development cease; active site in bone cavities.
Cell proliferation
1st phase of the development sequence. Growth must be accompanied by mitosis to give rise to mature cells.
Cell differentiation
2nd phase of the development sequence. Requires mitotic division, occurs during growth period. Has a higher potential than the previous cell.
Cell maturation
3rd and final phase of the development sequence. Can occur across both stages. Doesn't require cell division.
Hematopoietic system-tissues and organs involved in the production, maturation, and destruction of blood cells.
Bone marrow, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus
Growth factors
Cytokines -Interleukins -Colony Stimulating Factor
moAb
Derived from cloned, immortalized B-cell cultures. Highly specific & well characterized.
Anatomical origin of hematopoiesis***
Fetus: Lymph nodes, liver, spleen, & bone marrow Infants & kids: Long & flat bones Adults: Mostly in the flat bones, some in the proximal end of long bones. Primary site to get bone marrow is the iliac crest.
Cytokines
Glycoproteins used to signal the body. Soluble mediators secreted by cells for the purpose of cell-to-cell communication. Act on multipotential stem cells to stimulate their proliferation & differentiation to committed cell lines.
Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF)
Growth factor that acts on hematopoietic cells only (CSF)
Interleukins (IL)
Growth factor that regulates blood cell development by mediating proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of cells.
Bone marrow
Highly organized tissue. Function: to supply mature hematopoietic cells in to the peripheral blood in a steady-state condition. Happens in the medullary of the bone marrow. Spoke-like pattern. Cells develop territorially (most are myeloid cells).
List of Cytokines (Interleukins)***
I just used this list because she said we may need to name 1.
Cluster Designation (CD) antigens
Markers, located on the surface of cells, that are important in ID phenotyping hematopoietic cells in disease state. Process is called CD nomenclature. ***CD 34 important***
Hematopoiesis
Process of blood cell production and development of the various cells of the blood.
List the 2 types of bone marrow pools and name the type/s of cells held there.
Proliferation & Maturation Pool -Earlier cells that contain progenitor cells & cells that are maturing. Storage Pool -Cells that are capable of being functional. **Myeloid:Erythroid ration is 4:1**
What is the function of granulocytes?
To fight infection.
What is the function of platelets?
To maintain homeostasis.
What is the function of erythrocytes?
To transport oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide.
Clinical application of cell surface markers
Use of monoclonal antibodies specific to cell surface markers (CDs) allows phenotypic characterization of cells in disease states.