HESI EAQ: Fundamental Skill

A client who is scheduled for a surgical resection of the colon and creation of a colostomy for a bowel malignancy asks why preoperative antibiotics have been prescribed. The nurse explains that the primary purpose is to do what?

1 Decrease peristalsis 2 Minimize electrolyte imbalance Correct3 Decrease bacteria in the intestines 4 Treat inflammation caused by the malignancy R: To decrease the possibility of contamination, the bacteria count in the colon is lowered with antibiotics before surgery. Preoperative antibiotics do not have an effect on peristalsis, electrolyte balance, or treating inflammation.

Which critical thinking skill refers to the use of knowledge and experience to choose effective client care strategies?

1 Evaluation Correct2 Explanation 3 Interpretation 4 Self-regulation R: Explanation involves using knowledge and experience to choose strategies to use to care for clients. Evaluation is applicable when using criteria to determine the results of nursing actions. Interpretation is involved in the orderly collection of data. Self-regulation is applicable when the nurse identifies ways to improve his or her own performance.

Which risks would the nurse state may be associated with adults who work on or around automobiles? Select all that apply.

1 Infertility Correct2 Asbestosis Correct3 Dermatitis 4 Skin cancer 5 Nasopharyngeal cancer R: Automobile workers are at greater risk of asbestosis (a lung disease resulting from the inhalation of asbestos particles) and dermatitis (skin becomes red, swollen, and sore, sometimes with small blisters). A worker exposed to anesthetics is at greater risk of reproductive effects, such as infertility. Agricultural workers are at risk of skin cancer. A carpenter may have a high risk of nasopharyngeal cancer.

A client is being admitted to a medical unit with a diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. The nurse should assign the client to which type of room?

1 Private room 2 Semiprivate room 3 Room with windows that can be opened Correct4 Negative-airflow room R: Tuberculosis is an airborne contagious disease that is best contained in a negative-airflow room. Negative-airflow rooms are always private. A private room, semiprivate room, and a room with windows that can be opened are not appropriate for the standard of care for a client diagnosed with tuberculosis. Additionally, opening windows would present a possible safety hazard in a client's room.

Which therapeutic communication technique is most useful for the nurse to use when the client begins to repeat previously mentioned issues in the same therapeutic conversation?

Correct1 Focusing 2 Clarifying 3 Paraphrasing 4 Summarizing R: Focusing is a therapeutic communication technique that is useful when clients begin to repeat themselves. Clarification helps to check whether the client's understanding is accurate by restating an unclear or ambiguous message. Paraphrasing involves restating a message more briefly using one's own words. Summarizing is a concise review of key aspects of an interaction.

Which nurse collaborates directly with the client to establish and implement a basic plan of care after admission?

Correct1 Primary nurse 2 Nurse clinician 3 Nurse coordinator 4 Clinical nurse specialist R: The primary nurse provides or oversees all aspects of care, including assessment, implementation, and evaluation of that care. A clinician is an expert teacher or healthcare provider in the clinical area. The nurse coordinator oversees all the staff and clients on a unit and coordinates care. Clinical nurse specialist is a title given to a nurse specially prepared for one very specific clinical role. It requires a master's degree level of education.