hfs exam 2

Why might many women in their middle years experience a marriage squeeze?

Men their age are looking for much younger women.

Since 1960, the rate of cohabitation has

increased steadily

Increasingly cohabitors in the U.S. include

individuals with children and the elderly

In the United States, the early colonists believed that marriage should be based on

politics and economics

The specific ways in which married couples define their behavior and structure their time are called marital

roles.

Some researchers claim that married people are healthier than their unmarried counterparts because healthy people are attracted to other healthy people and are more desirable marriage partners. This phenomenon is referred to as the __________ effect

selection

From the biological perspective, which of the following is the reason that lovers may feel "high" or as if they are being swept away?

They are being flooded with natural amphetamines which cause feelings of elation and euphoria.

According to research many low-income women are likely to remain single despite wanting to marry. Why is this?

They do not want to marry a man who cannot support himself economically

For people of both sexes, the younger age at first marriage in the 1950s and 1960s was

a historical exception rather than the rule.

In terms of age, American men typically marry women

a year or two younger than they.

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of traditional gender roles? a. Husbands and wives can share economic and child rearing responsibilities. b. Wives do not have to juggle jobs and housework. c. Both parties in the relationship know what is expected of them. d. Men in traditional relationships do not have to worry about household chores.

a. Husbands and wives can share economic and child rearing responsibilities.

Which of the following is an accurate statement? a. Men seem to fall in love faster than women. b. Men tend not to link love and sex in their romantic relationships. c. Men are more likely than women to see love as leading to marriage. d. Men are less likely than women to believe that "true love lasts forever."

a. Men seem to fall in love faster than women

Which of the following is true about gender roles? a. We learn to become male or female through interactions with family members and the larger society. b. Our gender roles are determined by our genes. c. Gender roles are fixed and unchangeable. d. Different gender roles for men and women reflect innate biological differences.

a. We learn to become male or female through interactions with family members and the larger society.

Most people date and marry within their social class because they

and their partners share similar attitudes, values, and lifestyles.

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning men, women, and intimacy? a. Both men and women define intimacy as talking things over. b. Men and women may define intimacy differently. c. Most men want to feel close emotionally before being sexual. d. Most women assume that sex is the same as emotional closeness.

b. Men and women may define intimacy differently.

Which of the following was a characteristic of the sexual revolution? a. Social norms emphasized that love, sex, and marriage were intertwined. b. The invention of the birth control pill separated sex and childbearing for women. c. Reproductive sex became emphasized to the exclusion of recreational sex. d. There were harsh sanctions against premarital sex.

b. The invention of the birth control pill separated sex and childbearing for women.

Some people maintain that cohabitation is replacing marriage in the United States,

but there's little evidence to support such claims - instead, in the US people breakup or marry after a relatively short amount of time

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning American's self-reports of marital happiness? a. Men report being less happily married than women. b. Rates of marital satisfaction tend to be higher for African Americans than whites. c. Marital happiness decreases when couples experience poverty, job loss, and financial problems. d. People who were married in their teens tend to be happier than people who marry after age 20.

c. Marital happiness decreases when couples experience poverty, job loss, and financial problems

Which of the following statements about marriage and children is true? a. Marital satisfaction tends to increase after a couple has children. b. Marital satisfaction is not affected by having children if the marriage was already a good one. c. Marital satisfaction tends to decrease after the couple has children. d. Couples who marry before their out-of-wedlock child is born are less satisfied than couples who remain unmarried.

c. Marital satisfaction tends to decrease after the couple has children.

Which of the following statements is true concerning dating and physical attractiveness? a. Women are more likely than men to want an attractive date. b. Men and women tend to choose partners whose level of physical attractiveness is greater than their own. c. Physically attractive people benefit from a "halo effect"—they are assumed to possess other desirable characteristics. d. People who date physically attractive people have better experiences.

c. Physically attractive people benefit from a "halo effect"—they are assumed to possess other desirable characteristics.

Which of the following is NOT a myth about being single? a. Singles are tied to their mother's apron strings. b. Singles are selfish and self-centered. c. Singles are usually lonely and miserable. d. Singles are well-off financially.

c. Singles are usually lonely and miserable

According to Reiss's wheel theory of love, the wheel

can turn many times

These days a popular pathway to marriage in the U.S. includes

cohabiting for about 1.5 years or so first

In Western societies, the single greatest attraction of marriage is

continuous, intimate companionship with a loved one

According to research, people are brought together by

cultural norms and values.

According to the text which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Men and women exhibit some sex-related genetic differences. b. Cross-cultural research shows much variation in the characteristics that are typically ascribed to men and women. c. Nature and nurture interact to explain our behavior. d. Our genetic predispositions are not affected by socialization.

d. Our genetic predispositions are not affected by socialization.

According to Sternberg, if a couple is "perfectly matched," they will be

equally passionate, intimate, and committed.

A majority of high school seniors, both girls and boys, say that having a good marriage and family is not important to them.

false

Before the Industrial Revolution, most courtships took place in private where the couple could spend a substantial amount of time alone

false

Prenuptial agreements only cover the couple's financial arrangements.

false

The main reason today that most people get married is to have children.

false

According to recent research excluding men's ways of showing affection is the

feminization of love

Dating or marrying someone from a social, racial, ethnic, religious, or age group different from one's own is called

heterogamy

Dating someone who possesses similar social characteristics, such as ethnicity and age, is called

homogamy

Some sociologists describe the dating process as a(n) __________, in which prospective spouses compare the assets and liabilities of eligible partners and choose the best available mate.

marriage market

"His and her marriage" refers to the notion that

men and women experience marriage differently

The __________ debate refers to the controversy over whether differences in the ways men and women behave reflect innate biological differences or social and cultural expectations.

nature-nurture

Chromosomes, anatomy, hormones, and other physical and physiological attributes determine our

sex

If a father gives his son advice on how to play soccer and a mother tells her daughter that she is a good cook, the parents are engaging in

sex-stereotypical encouragement.

The awareness of ourselves as male or female and how we express our sexual values, attitudes, feelings, and beliefs is called our

sexual identity

Gender is based on

social and cultural expectations

Romantic and long-term love relationships involve __________ in the sense that they provide rewards and costs to each person.

social exchange

Women are more likely to express love verbally, while men are more likely to express love

through action

According to Sternberg, the mix of intimacy, passion, and commitment can vary from one relationship to another.

true

According to happily married couples, emotional support is much more important than romantic love.

true

By age 34, the majority of U.S. adults have been married.

true

Love, like friendship, is a process that develops over time

true

Marital stability and marital satisfaction tends to be higher for those with a college education or higher.

true

The likelihood of marriage increases with educational attainment.

true

The minimum age at which people marry

varies widely from one state to another.