HIST 1302 Midterm Ch. 18

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The Haymarket affair was a peaceful protest against the use of child labor.

False

The era from 1870 to 1890 was known as the

Gilded Age

A transcontinental railroad was not built before the Civil War because

North-South section differences prevented Congress from selecting a route

What was the merit system for federal employees called?

The Civil Service Act

Which statement about the Haymarket Affair is false?

The Knights of Labor was directly responsible for the violence that took place at Haymarket

The first transcontinental railroad was completed at Promontory Summit, Utah.

True

Social Darwinism in America:

all of the above (evolved from British philosopher Herbert Spencer; argued that evolution was as natural a process in human society as in nature, and government must not interfere; argued that failure to advance society indicated a lack of character; argued that freedom required acceptance of inequality)

Holding companies

are firms that control the stock of other companies

The Knights of Labor

called for men and women to have equal pay for equal work

Andrew Carnegie invented the process that enabled a dramatic increase in steel production

false

Andrew Carnegie was an outspoken opponent of the idea of "the Gospel of Wealth"

false

By the 1880s, most states had outlawed child labor.

false

The Haymarket affair was a peaceful protest against the use of child labor

false

Westinghouse's AC system of transmitting electricity over long distances lost the "battle of the currents"

false

One of the main reasons that electric motors were significant to the industrialization of the late nineteenth century was that they

freed factories to locate wherever they wished, and not just by waterfalls and coal deposits

Membership in the American Federation of Labor at first

grew slowly

Thomas Edison

invented, among other things, a system for generating and distributing electricity.

One of the reasons that the Great Strike of 1877 was important is that:

it underscored the tensions produced by the rapid industrialization of the time

The Knights of Labor declined for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

its leader Terence Powderly died

The invention of electric motors did all of the following EXCEPT:

led to the bankruptcy of the Edison Electric Illuminating Company

During the Gilded Age, the rich were getting richer and:

many other people were at least better off

The ______ made possible the second industrial revolution in America.

railroads

The Social Gospel

refuted the idea that "the poor, you will always have with you"

The second industrial revolution was marked by

the acceleration of factory production and increased activity in the mining and railroad industries.

The theory of Social Darwinism argued that

the theory of evolution applied to humans, thus explaining why some were rich and some were poor.

All of the following factors helped accelerate economic growth after the Civil War EXCEPT:

the use of prison labor by railroad companies

Why were mail cars connected to the Pullman cars during the Pullman strike?

to justify federal intervention to end the strike by allowing railroad executives to claim the strike interfered with the mail

After the Haymarket Affair, employers took the opportunity to paint the labor movement as a dangerous and un-American force prone to violence and controlled by foreign-born radicals.

true

Boss Tweed led a corrupt political machine in New York

true

Grover Cleveland was a Democrat who served nonconsecutive terms and whose small staff allowed him the occasional opportunity to answer the White House door

true

The Haymarket affair:

was blamed on seven anarchist leaders despite a lack of evidence; was provoked by the 1886 bombing at a Chicago labor rally

The 1890 Homestead strike

was waged against a Carnegie company

"Trusts" like Rockefeller's Standard Oil Trust had a weakness in that they:

were appealing targets for prosecution on the grounds of monopoly or restraint of trade

Elections during the Gilded Age:

were closely contested affairs.


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