HIST 2 Chapter 21

In the context of the American counterinsurgency campaign in the Philippines, which of the following individuals does NOT belong? -William James -Mark Twain -Albert Beveridge -William Graham Sumner

-Albert Beveridge

The Platt Amendment led directly to the -colonization of Puerto Rico. -Filipino insurgency. -American bases at Guantanamo Bay. -Bay of Pigs invasion.

-American bases at Guantanamo Bay.

The regime of Porfirio Díaz was particularly popular with -Woodrow Wilson. -American coal, rail, and oil companies. -Mexican peasants. -American middle-class progressives.

-American coal, rail, and oil companies.

Which of the following national governments did NOT receive the Open Door Notes of Secretary of State John Hay? -China -Japan -Germany -Great Britain

-China

Why did Congress pass the Teller Amendment in April 1898? -Congress wanted to enshrine the United States armed forces as the Western Hemisphere's future police power. -Congress did not trust that President William McKinley was going to allow Cuban independence. -Congress tried, in vain, to prevent an expansion of the war from Cuba to the entire Spanish overseas empire. *** -Congress wanted to ensure the American expeditionary forces in the Spanish-American War were fully funded. ***

-Congress did not trust that President William McKinley was going to allow Cuban independence.

It is reasonable to conclude that scientists would have discovered later than 1900 how the viruses that cause malaria and yellow fever are transferred if -sugar companies had not brought workers from all over the Pacific rim to the Hawaiian Islands. -Americans had not suffered such terrible combat casualties in the Philippines. -Americans had not engaged in overseas missionary work. -Cubans had not gone to war for independence.

-Cubans had not gone to war for independence.

Who contributed most to the status of Pancho Villa as national Mexican folk hero? -Porfirio Díaz -General John Pershing -Francisco Madero -Venustiano Carranza

-General John Pershing

In Spain's war against Cuban independence, who did NOT try to stir popular sentiment in favor of American intervention on behalf of Cuba? -Nebraska Senator William V. Allen -Joseph Pulitzer -William Randolph Hurst -Grover Cleveland

-Grover Cleveland

How did President Roosevelt seek to protect American mining, rail, and other interests in China? -He surrendered Hong Kong to Great Britain. -He agreed to share the Philippines with Japan. -He agreed to Japan's colonization of Korea. -He let Germany claim all of Samoa and Guam.

-He agreed to Japan's colonization of Korea.

What made Pearl Harbor initially important for the U.S. Navy? -It was the main base from which to protect the new U.S. territory. -The navy built its first thirty-three light cruisers there. -It served as a refueling station. -The town had an established navy tradition.

-It served as a refueling station.

What commercial value did American businesses see in the Philippines? -It contained valuable gold mines. -It was a stepping stone toward the China markets. -It was home to some of the best lumber reserves in American possession. -It was home to massive coal deposits.

-It was a stepping stone toward the China markets.

The Gentlemen's Agreement reversed segregated schooling for Japanese immigrant children in San Francisco in return for -a payment of 20 million dollars from the Japanese government to the city of San Francisco. -free trade privileges for American businesses in Japanese ports. -a reopening of investment opportunities for American businesses in Manchuria. -Japanese restrictions on the emigration of Japanese workers to the United States.

-Japanese restrictions on the emigration of Japanese workers to the United States.

Which acronym does NOT belong with the others, given the context of the United States and the world in the early twentieth century? -WCTU -YWCA -SVM -NAACP

-NAACP

Critics of the Treaty of Paris objected to the colonization of the Philippines. Which was NOT among the reasons for their objection? -Some worried the colonial possession would undermine the principles of the republic. -Some worried that such a large colonial possession would provoke German military aggression. -Some argued that colonization betrayed Filipino allies from the Spanish-American War. -Some feared the inflow of more people of color into the United States.

-Some worried that such a large colonial possession would provoke German military aggression.

Why did President Taft pursue dollar diplomacy during his tenure? -Taft was a pacifist who believed in all people's right to self-determination. -The Taft administration presided over an unusually flush budget surplus. -Taft had little experience with military force and feared its uses. -Taft understood the damage that military intervention could cause to the U.S. image abroad.

-Taft understood the damage that military intervention could cause to the U.S. image abroad.

What shocked and dismayed Filipino nationalists in 1898? -The United States returned the Philippines to Spain in exchange for 20 million dollars. -The United States heartlessly abandoned the Philippines after the Treaty of Paris. -The United States "purchased" the Philippines from Spain. -The United States paid the least for the Philippines in all its territorial acquisitions.

-The United States "purchased" the Philippines from Spain.

American missionaries reported from the Ottoman Empire. What was NOT among the results of that reporting? -The American Red Cross launched a relief program for Armenian Christians. -Americans formed the National Armenian Relief Committee. -The empire grew unstable as a result of missionaries' intervention and finally toppled in 1919. -Americans learned about the torture, rape, and murder of hundreds of thousands of Armenian Christians.

-The empire grew unstable as a result of missionaries' intervention and finally toppled in 1919.

What was NOT an argument Americans made in support of expanding the U.S. Navy fleet? -The nation had to be ready and willing to aid and rescue its missionaries overseas. -American commerce overseas needed protection. -American properties and possessions overseas needed protection. -The fleet would serve the nation well in World War I.

-The fleet would serve the nation well in World War I.

Who proposed that the United States needed to become a first-rate maritime power in order to compete with Europeans' acquisitions of overseas colonies? -Theodore Roosevelt -Queen Lili'uokalani -Grover Cleveland -Alfred Thayer Mahan

-Theodore Roosevelt

Why did American sugar producers urge the United States government to intervene in the Cuban-Spanish war? -They did not want the war in Cuba to destabilize the market and affect its Louisiana plantations. -They saw an opportunity to gain a foothold in Cuban sugar interests. -They controlled over 50 percent of Cuba's sugar plantations. -They wanted the island's sugar industry destroyed in order to restore their Hawaiian possessions back to a monopolistic role.

-They controlled over 50 percent of Cuba's sugar plantations.

Which assessment of the impact of missionaries in the early twentieth century is fair? -They increased awareness of mass suffering in distant places. -They pushed many religions in Africa and Asia to the brink of extinction. -They introduced Americans at home to new religions from distant places. -They helped to promote immigration to the United States from Africa and Asia.

-They increased awareness of mass suffering in distant places.

Why did American bankers and industrialists not focus on exports to Europe at the turn of the century? -They understood that Europeans lacked the spending power of Americans. -They believed Europeans were too uneducated and primitive to use and appreciate American-made goods. -They saw few markets where they felt sufficiently competitive with European industries. -They had found out that Europeans held a deep antipathy toward Americans and their products.

-They saw few markets where they felt sufficiently competitive with European industries.

What was NOT a reliable advantage for American soldiers during their campaigns against Spanish forces in Cuba? -They were driven by a deeply personal and idealistic cause. -They fought on ground well prepared by Cuban independence fighters. -They were better equipped, trained, and armed than the Spanish.*** -They had acquired combat experience in the American West. ***

-They were driven by a deeply personal and idealistic cause.

American farmers helped to alleviate a large famine in India in 1896-1897. What was NOT one of the reasons for their assistance? -The nation suffered from a wheat glut at the time. -Mechanization had made the mass production of wheat much cheaper. -They worried the famine might lead to a mass emigration to the U.S. -They considered it their Christian duty.

-They worried the famine might lead to a mass emigration to the U.S.

Nation-building efforts in the Philippines did NOT produce, by the 1910s, -an improved infrastructure and bureaucratic apparatus. -an educated, English-speaking elite. -a successful incorporation of religious freedom and equality. -a viable legal system emulating the American model.

-a successful incorporation of religious freedom and equality.

Theodore Roosevelt did NOT celebrate the Panama Canal as -a battle against nature. -a triumph of technology and science. -a triumph of international collaboration. -an American accomplishment.

-a triumph of international collaboration.

In 1905, the Treaty of Portsmouth -acknowledged Japan as a new power in the Pacific. -began half a decade of friendship between the United States and Japan. -included Chinese diplomats in the negotiations. -reopened Manchuria to American investment.

-acknowledged Japan as a new power in the Pacific.

What did Senator Albert Beveridge of Indiana refer to as "the white man's burden"? -colonizing people of color -paying taxes and serving in the military -securing civil rights in the Jim Crow South -observing the principle of self-determination

-colonizing people of color

In what order did Woodrow Wilson's administration support Mexican leaders? -first Huerta, then Carranza -first Madero, then Pancho Villa -first Carranza, then Pancho Villa -first Madero, then Huerta, then Pancho Villa, then Carranza

-first Madero, then Pancho Villa

In the estimation of Theodore Roosevelt, colonization and imperialist expansion was -a betrayal of American republican values. -recklessly jeopardizing the health and future of foreign nations. -important for American men's egos. -a slippery slope towards despotism.

-important for American men's egos.

When the Spanish Empire ruthlessly repressed the Cuban independence movement in 1895, the United States -intervened diplomatically on behalf of Cubans. -declared war on Cuba -tried and failed to intervene by landing its new fleet in the Bay of Pigs. -clandestinely blew up its own vessel, the USS Maine, to create sufficient cause to join the war.

-intervened diplomatically on behalf of Cubans.

Theodore Roosevelt celebrated the war stories of the Rough Riders as -evidence of the importance of possessing an overseas empire. -proof that the American melting pot produced superior, manly citizen-soldiers. -illustrations of how his leadership could transform even a mediocre fighting force. -evidence that the United States no longer fought wars of aggression, but rather, of self-defense.

-proof that the American melting pot produced superior, manly citizen-soldiers.

It is fair to say that American missionaries in Asia and Africa were -taking incalculable risks in abandoning all connections with familiar society. -riding the coattails of European imperialists. -the first to return to the United States with information about these distant places. -leading the way for European imperialists.

-riding the coattails of European imperialists.

In effect, the Insular Cases provided legally sanctioned ________ in the colonized territories. -a new form of slavery -fascist oppression -secondary citizenship -racial equality

-secondary citizenship

It is fair to conclude that the suppression of the Filipino independence movement after the Treaty of Paris -served as an early training ground for the future FBI. -served as an early training ground for the future CIA. -laid the groundwork for American military strategies in World War I. -only prolonged the nation's five-year-long economic depression.

-served as an early training ground for the future FBI.

What object or service associated with missionaries was LEAST interesting to the people in Africa and Asia? -the Christian Bible -food -health care -shelter

-the Christian Bible

Where was the first battle of the Spanish-American War? -Puerto Rico -St. Augustine, Florida -the Philippines -Santiago de Cuba

-the Philippines

The main mission of American foreign policy in Cuba was -the complete and utter submission of the populace. -the creation of an American-style democracy. -the creation of a new slave economy. -the creation of a stable environment for American businesses.

-the creation of a stable environment for American businesses.

It is fair to conclude that the enthusiasm for overseas markets would have been less pronounced if -the depression of 1893 had not occurred. -American businesses had not been producing consumer goods explicitly for foreign markets. -American missionaries had not been so critical of the nation's commercial expansion. -Chinese businesses had not been pushing so aggressively into Korea and the Philippines.

-the depression of 1893 had not occurred.

Under the Roosevelt Corollary, the United States became -the informal supreme power over dependent South American dependencies. -the only developed nation with which South American nations were allowed to trade. -the holder of all South American and Central American foreign debt. -the police power of the Western Hemisphere.

-the police power of the Western Hemisphere.

The missionary work of Mary and Margaret Leitch would have been impossible without -the automobile. -the telegraph and the photograph. -the hand-held movie camera. -the radio.

-the telegraph and the photograph.

Why did European and American business interests desire a canal across Central America? -to ease the burden of commercial traffic on South America -to make commerce between San Francisco and New York economically viable -to considerably shorten the passage to East Asia -to make trade with Central America more profitable

-to considerably shorten the passage to East Asia

The maps of the Philippines published in American newspapers tended to -help to dramatically stimulate Americans' overseas geographic knowledge. -dramatize the difficulty of the American military operations. -undersell the challenge of suppressing the independence movement. -were so wildly inaccurate that most observers today would not recognize the Philippines in them.

-undersell the challenge of suppressing the independence movement.

When did the United States voluntarily take the first step toward independence for the Philippines? 1898 1901 1916 1945

1916

What was NOT one of the reasons President McKinley and future vice president Theodore Roosevelt opposed Cuban independence? -Cubans had treated Admiral Dewey and his fleet with the utmost disrespect. -Both worried about an independent Cuba with interests opposing those of the United States. *** -McKinley did not think that Cubans could sustain an independent government.*** -Roosevelt had nothing but contempt for Cubans.

Cubans had treated Admiral Dewey and his fleet with the utmost disrespect.

The suppression of the Filipino independence movement cost about the same number of American soldiers' lives as did the war against Spain. True or False

False

In the wake of the explosion of the USS Maine, Spain declared war on the United States True or False

True

It is unlikely that the United States would have annexed the Hawaiian Islands in June 1898 without the direct involvement of American sugar planters there. True or False

True

Pseudo-scientific research in the Philippines gave momentum to false assumptions about human "races" and the importance of segregation and exclusion of allegedly "inferior" ones. True or False

True

To illustrate his point that the United States needed control of the seas, Alfred Thayer Mahan pointed to the fur seal trade in the Bering Sea. True or False

True