History-120 chapter-11

Resistance to slavery occasionally moved beyond individual and group acts of defiance to outright rebellions. Match the rebellions to their corresponding events.

Denmark Vesey's conspiracy: The leader of this rebellion was accused of supposedly organizing a rebellion in South Carolina but was caught before it came to fruition. New Orleans: Some 500 men and women armed with sugarcane knives, axes, and guns marched toward the city, destroying property until they were stopped by the military. Nat Turner's Rebellion: This was the last large-scale slave rebellion in the South.

According to the map below, in which of the following regions were slave populations primarily concentrated around 1860?

the South Carolina coast along the Mississippi River

Identify the key differences between slavery in the United States and slavery in Brazil.

In the American South, states set limits on voluntary manumission, requiring such acts be approved by the legislature. At the point of emancipation in Brazil, more than half of the slave population had already gained its freedom, whereas only 10 percent of slaves in the United States had gained its freedom by emancipation.

Identify the escapes or contributions to escapes made by the following individuals.

Henry Brown He packed himself into a crate and had it shipped from Richmond to Philadelphia. Harriet Tubman It is estimated that she saved seventy-five men, women, and children from slavery. William and Ellen Craft She impersonated a sickly owner traveling with her slave.

Slaveowners attempted to prevent slaves from learning about the larger world around them. How did slaves acquire knowledge of current events?

Many owners were unaware that slaves created neighborhood networks that transmitted news of local and national importance between plantations.

An estimated 75 percent of enslaved women and 90 percent of enslaved men worked in the fields of the American South. The organization of their labor varied, but two main organizations were the task system and the gang system. Match each statement below to the type of labor organization it describes.

task labor Slaves were given a series of daily jobs to be done at their own pace. common on plantations producing rice along the coasts of South Carolina and Georgia gang labor Groups of slaves were supervised as they did their work. This system of field work was known to be more violent than the other. common on plantations in southern Louisiana where sugarcane was cultivated

The culture of slavery in the antebellum South was different from the culture of slavery in Brazil and the West Indies. Determine whether the statements below better describe antebellum slave culture in the United States or the patterns of slave-keeping in South America and the Caribbean.

the antebellum South -There were few free blacks in this society; those who were free had few rights. -Slave rebellions were fairly rare. -Enslaved persons in this society had better living conditions and longer life expectancies. Brazil or the West Indies: -Plantation owners in this society would occasionally free their slaves as reward for good work or in honor of rites of passage like marriage. -Slave rebellions were common and large-scale. -Plantation owners tended not to live on their plantations.

Slaveowners employed a variety of means in their attempts to maintain order and discipline among their human property and persuade them to labor productively. Identify the methods used to control slaves and force them to work for their masters.

whipping slaves and other physical punishments. the threat of sale. prohibiting relations between house servants and field hands to prevent collaboration against the master.

Read the following primary source excerpt titled "Slavery and the Bible" (1850) from an essay in the influential southern magazine De Bow's Review. Identify the passage(s) in which the author argues that the Bible does not in any place expressly denounce slavery.

"yet no one of them condemns it in the slightest degree. Would this have been the case had it been wrong in itself? Would not some of the host of sacred writers have spoken of this alleged crime, in such terms as to show, in a manner not to be misunderstood, that God wished all men to be equal?" "We find, that both the Old and New Testaments speak of slavery—that they do not condemn the relation, but, on the contrary, expressly allow it or create it"

Identify the statements that describe the Second Middle Passage.

Slave trading within the United States between 1820 and 1860 was a visible, established business. Many commercial districts in southern cities contained the offices of slave traders, complete with signs reading "Negro Sales" or "Negroes Bought Here." Virginia played a key role in the Second Middle Passage.

Read the passage below from "Slavery and the Bible," an essay from De Bow's Review (1850).... Abraham, the chosen servant of God, had his bond servants, whose condition was similar to, or worse than, that of our slaves. He considered them as his property, to be bought and sold as any other property which he owned.... We find, that both the Old and New Testaments speak of slavery—that they do not condemn the relation, but, on the contrary, expressly allow it or create it; and they give commands and exhortations, which are based upon its legality and propriety. It can not, then, be wrong. What arguments does De Bow make in attempt to demonstrate that the Bible sanctions slavery?

Slavery appears in both the New and Old Testaments of the Bible. If the servant of God, Abraham, had slaves, then slavery is not morally wrong.

Identify the statements that describe the Old South.

Southern railroads tended to be short lines designed to bring cotton to ports rather than integrate the South into a larger national network. In 1860, the South produced less than 10 percent of the nation's manufactured goods.

The table on the left illustrates how many slaves there were in the antebellum South. The table on the right indicates not population, but the relative proportions of yeoman farmers who owned fewer than twenty slaves per family, and the elite planters who owned more than 100. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the information provided by these tables?

The elite planter class was a small proportion of antebellum society. The members of the elite planter class were outnumbered by their slaves on the plantation as well as in society at large. In the year 1850, there were almost ten times as many slaves in the South as there were slaveholders.

Identify the following slave rebellions and revolts in the nineteenth-century Atlantic World.

a ship seized by 135 slaves being transported from Norfolk to New Orleans; they changed its course to the British Bahamas where they were given refuge -slave ship Creole the first of four major slave conspiracies in the beginning of the nineteenth century that was led by a literate blacksmith who planned a large slave rebellion around Richmond -Gabriel's rebellion a celebrated incident in which fifty-three slaves took control of their ship and tried to redirect it to Africa -slave ship Amistad an uprising that occurred on sugar plantations north of New Orleans; some 500 men and women marched on New Orleans shouting "Death or Freedom" -Louisiana

Identify the statements that describe the Underground Railroad.

correct: -Harriet Tubman was the most famous "conductor" on the Underground Railroad. -"Stations" on the Underground Railroad were hideouts maintained by abolitionists to help fugitive slaves. -The Underground Railroad was not a single, centralized system, but rather a series of interlocking local networks involving black and white abolitionists helping slaves reach safety.

Review the following video with author Eric Foner titled, "The Difference in American Slavery." Then identify which of the following statements are true about what set the American practice of slavery apart from other slave-keeping practices, both ancient and modern.

correct: -Slavery in the American South was unique in that it was tied to large-scale agricultural output. -Slavery in the American South was unique in that the differentiating factor between free and enslaved people was physical: skin color.

What does it reveal about the free black population?

correct: -The largest number of free blacks remained in the South. -The entire black population in the North was free.

Identify the obstacles faced by slaves attempting to escape.

correct: -There were regular slave patrols, law enforcement, and a legal system designed to ensure slaves did not escape from their masters. -Slaves did not receive formal education and as a result they had little or no sense of geography, making it difficult to determine where to go after escaping. -Often bonds between family members and friends were enough to deter slaves from leaving the plantation.

On the eve of the Civil War, nearly half a million free blacks lived in the United States, the majority of them in the South. Identify the statements that describe the restrictions under which free blacks lived.

correct: -They could not strike a white person, even in self-defense. -They were prohibited from owning dogs, firearms, or liquor. -They were not allowed to testify in court against whites.

The most widespread expression of hostility to slavery as an institution was "day-to-day resistance" or "silent sabotage." Identify examples of the forms of "day-to-day resistance" that the slaves performed.

correct: -breaking tools, doing poor work, abusing animals -leaving gates open and removing rails from fences