History Chapter 17

Which ruler brought religious conflict between the Huguenots and Catholics through the issuing of the Edict of Nantes in 1598?

Henry IV

The lasting achievement of Gabrielle-Émilie du Châtelet was:

Her translation of Newton's Mathematical Principles into French.

In France, Protestants were known as

Huguenots

Humanism was an intellectual movement focused on human culture, in such fields as philosophy, philology, and literature, and based on the corpus of ___________ texts.

Greek and Roman

Experiments in the _______ with movable metal typeface resulted in the innovation of the printing press.

1430s

An assistant of Galileo, Evangelista Torricelli experimented with mercury-filled tubes to lay the groundwork for the first ___________.

Barometer

What Russian tsar's reforms resulted in the establishment of a more centralized Russian state?

Catherine I

Acquiring wealth with the help of money and thereby perhaps gaining a glimpse of one's fate became one of the hallmarks of ____________.

Catholicism

Coffeehouses allowed the literate urban public to meet, read __________, and exchange ideas.

Daily newspapers

"Renaissance" thinkers and artists considered their period a time of "rebirth" (the literal meaning of the word in the _______ language).

French

In 1649, a group of farmers and day laborers occupied "common" land south of ________ and set up a colony.

London

As part of the Catholic Reformation, the Council of Trent ended _______________.

The Inquisition

When the Catholic Reformation drove the New Sciences to northwestern Europe chartered scientific societies, such as _______,were founded.

The Royal Society of London

The New Sciences were allowed to flourish in northern Europe, especially in the Netherlands and England, mainly because of:

A certain liberty of investigation that other areas lacked.

In the presence of the German emperor Ferdinand III in 1672, Otto von Guericke demonstrated that:

A vacuum could be created by pumping the air out of two sealed spheres.

Under difficult conditions during the Thirty Years' War, Maria Cunitz wrote a treatise on ___________ that corrected the calculations of previous scholars and offered simplified calculations of star positions.

Astronomy

On St. _______'s Day in August 1572, the Catholic king and aristocracy of France perpetrated a wholesale slaughter of thousands of Huguenots.

Bartholomew

Louis XIV sent salaried, itinerant intendants around the provinces to:

Ensure that governmental activities functioned properly.

In the formulation of his "law of falling bodies", Galileo systematically combined imagination with empirical research and ___________.

Experimentation

Because _________ universities and scientific academies refused to admit women, in contrast to their counterparts in other countries, the salon became a bastion of well-placed and respected female scholars.

French

Among most of the countries of Europe, the Netherlands was exceptional in its finances in that:

Its urban residents were willing to pay higher taxes on manufactures and farming.

Copernicus began his studies at the University of __________, the only eastern European school to offer courses in astronomy.

Kraków

The portolan (nautical chart) drawn by Pedro Reinel is the earliest known map to include _____________.

Lines of latitude

Despite the appearance of his beaming benevolence at Versailles, the "absolutist" rule of ____________ was a complex mixture of centralized and decentralized forces.

Louis XIV

The innovations of Desiderius Erasmus contributed to the field of _________.

Philology

The Baroque artistic aesthetic could best be described as:

Spontaneous and dramatic

The main goal of Gustavus II Adolphus's intervention in the Thirty Years' War was the consolidation of _________ power in the region.

Swedish

Descartes concluded that a person, including himself, was composed of two radically different substances, a material substance that can be understood with the senses and another that consisted of:

The thinking mind

The ruler with the longest reign in France was:

Louis XIV

The Jewish community of ___________ excommunicated Baruch Spinoza for heresy, since he seemed to make God immanent in the world.

Amsterdam

The central objective of the "Glorious Revolution" in England was the:

Deposing of a king and his replacement by his daughter and Dutch husband.

In a much-publicized statement, the Diggers insisted they were:

Merely cultivating public land, which was "the treasure of all people"

Under the Hohenzollern, Prussia developed a strong army which would be used by Frederick II to challenge ________ for dominance in the Holy Roman Empire.

The Habsburgs

Spain fought to retain control over ________________ until 1648, when it recognized its independence.

The Netherlands

Which country on the map was not a site of Catholic-Protestant violence during the Reformation?

Russia