History Finals

Date of 13th Amendment

1865

what is Slavery?

Slavery is A system of enforced servitude in which some people are owned by other people.

Minnijean Brown

Was one of the little rock nine who got expelled for dumping chili on her bullies heads

what is a lense?

a filter that guides what you see

little rock nine events #3

in may of 1955 the blossom plan is instituted

essential campaign element #2

issue convert your problem into an "issue"

when did the black codes take place?

they took place from 1865-1866/67

what are the jim crow laws

- the took place in the South and some of North - they were slowly instituted in the 1880s based off of previously held Black Codes - A response to more Black people moving into cities - instituted wide-spread segregation - Schools, buses, public establishments, marriage, living neighborhoods etc. - Jim Crow laws and Segregation not repealed until the Civil Rights Act of 1964

what was the Brown vs. board of education case

-it cited the 14th amendment - said that school segregation was unconstitutional

who was Abraham Lincoln?

16th President of the United States he saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; he lived from 1809-1865

Abraham Lincoln

16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; he lived from 1809-1865

who was Andrew Johnson

17th President of the United States, A Southerner form Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. He was a very weak president.

When did slavery stop?

1865 - 13th amendment - slavery and involuntary servitude are illegal except for as punishment for a crime

Date of 14th Amendment

1868

date of 15th Amendment

1870

when did the jim crow laws take place

1880 - 1965

when did the intergration of central highschool take place

1957-1958

little rock nine events #17

1958 Feb: The Little Rock School Board again asks the federal court for permission to delay integration. May: Ernest Green is the first African-American to graduate from Central High School. June: After identifying several disciplinary issues at Central High School, the school board (again) requests a delay in the desegregation plan.

when did the lost year take place?

1958-1959

How a bill becomes a law, step #3

3. discussed in House of Reps. and Senate + voted on in both

what was Abolition?

A Movement to end slavery

what is slavery?.

A system of enforced servitude in which some people are owned by other people.

Checks and Balances

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

what is a priviledged identity?

An identity that affords you preferential treatment in the world/an identity that gains you privilege based solely on you being born with that identity (wealth/whiteness/straightness) - does not mean you don't struggle in other ways, means that you don't face struggles because of this identity marker

why did slavery begin?

Economics - white europeans turned to enslaved Black people as a cheaper alternative to indentured servants (europeans) and justified it through the invention of race/the idea the 'Black people are inferior/not human'

when was the emancipation proclamation issued? and by whom?

Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862

little rock nine events #18

June, 1958 A lower court judge approves the delay of integration until 1961. The Judge argues that although black students have a constitutional right to attend integrated schools, the "time has not come for them to enjoy [that right]."

How were indigenous people connected to the civil war?

Native American allegiances varied during the Civil War motivated by a common desire to protect tribal lands (West/mid-west of the country) Approximately 3,503 Native Americans served in the Union Army. more Native people allied with the Confederacy Some elite tribal members enslaved African Americans as well = more likely to ally with confederacy

little rock nine events #13

On September 23, 1957 Little Rock 9 are secretly escorted inside of Central High School via a side door. The nine students are later removed by local police officials for their own safety.

little rock nine events #14

On September 24, 1957 1,200 federal troops arrive in Little Rock, placing the Arkansas National Guard under federal orders.

little rock nine events #15

On September 25, 1957 Escorted by federal troops, the Little Rock Nine are escorted into Central High School for their first day of classes.

little rock nine events #21

On September 27, 1958 Residents of Little Rock vote 19,470 to 7,561 in support of keeping schools segregated. The public schools remain closed. This becomes known as the "Lost Year."

little rock nine events #9

On September 3rd, 1957, The Mother's League, Citizen's Council, and disgruntled parents and students of Central High School hold a "sunrise service." led by white clergy. The crowd sings "Dixie" as the sun rises and fly Confederate Battle Flags over the scene.

elizabeth eckford

One of the Little Rock Nine who did not get the message not to come to school. She went to school by herself and an angry Mob followed her there.

little rock nine events #20

September 15th, 1958 Gov. Faubus orders the schools closed. Arkansas legislature then passes a law which allowed Little Rock to vote whether to integrate or keep the schools closed.

little rock nine events #16

September 1957 to May 1958: The Little Rock Nine attend classes at Central High School but are met with consistent verbal (and at times physical) abuse and harassment by students and staff. Each student had a military escort with them for most of the year.

little rock nine events #8

September 2nd 1957, Orval Faubus, then governor of Arkansas, announces through a televised speech that African-American students would not be allowed to enter Central High School. Faubus also orders the state's National Guard to enforce his orders so to avoid "the real danger of disorder and violence".

little rock nine events #11

September 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 1957 National Guard troops block African American students from attending Central High School.

little rock nine events #19

September, 1958 The Supreme Court rules that Little Rock must continue to follow the desegregation plan it has in place. High schools are ordered to open on September 15.

when did slavery begin?

Slavery of Africans/African Americans began in 1619 when 20 Africans brought to Coast of Virginia - seized from Portuguese ship

what is the bill of rights?

The first ten amendments in the Constitution

What is nationality?

Where you were born/your citizenship (your nationality could be Swedish but you moved to American when you were 1 so you are also American and are culturally American)

What is Prejudice?

a feeling of unfair dislike directed against an individual or a group because of some characteristic (as race or religion)

essential campaign element #9

agreement come to agreement with your decision maker(s)

what is a blur spot

an area where you cant see

What is a dominate identity?

an identity that is most apparent about you for other people, but could also be the identity you are conscious of most often (as a woman I think about my gender a lot and that is an identity that is at the forefront for others)

what are anti - racists?

anti - racists like someone just for being them

what are assimilationists?

assimilationists try to transform someone to make them more like them

essential campaign element #3

base identify your base of people

essential campaign element #10

celebrate celebrate your victory

what was colonization

colonization was the movement of settlers and their culture to a new country

essential campaign element #6

communicate communicate with the decision maker(s)

essential campaign element #7

confrontation direct action, public meetings or other tactics to pressure your decision maker(s)

essential campaign element #5

decision maker(s) identify your decision maker(s)

When did the Civil War take place?

from 1861-1865

little rock nine events #1

in May of 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision declares that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional.

little rock nine events #4

in May of 1955 A second Supreme Court ruling known as Brown II, declares that public schools need to integrate "with all deliberate speed." Local federal judges are given the responsibility of making sure this happens.

little rock nine events #7

in September of 1957 The local NAACP registers nine African-Americans students to attend Central High School. These students were chosen based on their academic achievement and attendance.

little rock nine events #2

in august of 1954 The Arkansas NAACP petitions the school board for prompt integration of public schools.

little rock nine events #5

in febuary of 1956 Courts rule that the Little Rock School Board acted in "utmost good faith" in establishing the Blossom Plan. Gradual plan is OK.

key powers of the judicial branch

interpreting state laws settling legal desputes punishing violators of the law

when did the blossom plan begin?

it began in 1957 (highschool, followed by other grades were integrated of the course of 6 years)

What is Emancipation Proclamation?

it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free

What was the Civil War?

it was the deadliest war in American history is was a conflict between north (union) and south (confederacy) 11 southern slave states wanted to secede from the Union

what was the blossom plan?

it was the plan to gradually integrate Beginning in 1957 High school followed by lower grades integrated over the course of 6 years

essential campaign element #8

negotiation always negotiate from a position of power

little rock nine events #6

on August 27th, 1957 Several white parent groups ask for a temporary injunction (prevention) against integration at Central High School. School Chancellor approves the injunction arguing that the integration of Central High School could lead to violence. Federal Judge Ronald Davies, however, voids the injunction, ordering the Little Rock School Board to continue with its plans for desegregation.

little rock nine events #12

on September 20, 1975 Federal court (pres) orders the National Guard to be removed from Central High School. Once the National Guard leaves, the Little Rock Police Department arrive.

little rock nine events #10

on september 4th 1957 Little Rock 9 students are to begin at Central High. Daisy Bates, the president of the Arkansas NAACP, organizes to come to school as a group (exept elizabeth eckford)

essential campaign element #1

problem identify your problem

what are segregationists?

segragationists hate someone for not being like them

which came first? (jim crow laws or the black codes?)

the black codes came first

How a bill becomes a law, step #2

the law is discussed in commitee and then voted on

How a bill becomes a law, step #1

the law is written

what are indigenous people?

the people who lived in american before colonization

How a bill becomes a law, step #4

the president signs the law (and it becomes a law) or... the president vetoes the law (which brings back to Congress, who needs 2/3 vote to override the presidents veto)

what are black codes?

they took place in the south and in some of the north they were created at the ending of the civil war and at the begginining of the reconstruction they restricted black people's right to own property, conduct business, buy and lease land, and move freely through public spaces the black codes criminalized Black men who were out of work but also made it hard for Black men to get hired The Reconstruction Act of 1867 weakened the effect of the black codes by requiring all states to uphold equal protection under the 14th Amendment Black Codes gave way to Jim Crow Laws when Reconstruction ended in 1877

What is the 13th Amendment

this amendment abolished slavery except as punishment for a crime

What is the 14th Amendment

this amendment granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to African Americans and enslaved people who had been emancipated after the American Civil War.

What is the 15th Amendment

this amendment states that the U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed

Key Powers of Executive Branch

veto pardon make treaties with 2/3rds of the senates approval commmander in chief appointment (of cab, justices, ambassadors)

essential campaign element #4

wants/demands make your list of wants/demands