HISTORY MIDTERM

A strong immunity to European diseases strengthened Indian resistance to the conquistadores.

False

Most European men in the 1500s owned property and could vote

False

How did Cortés conquer the Aztecs?

He relied on iron weapons and gun powder.

One change in Indian life after the English colonists settled was that

Indian use of alcohol became increasingly common and disruptive to Native American culture.

(Q047) What happened to the Iroquois Confederacy during the American Revolutionary War?

Its members fought for both England and America.

(Q025) Why is Deborah Sampson significant?

She was the daughter of a Massachusetts farmer who disguised herself as a man to fight in the American Revolution.

During the early to mid-eighteenth century, consumption of manufactured goods penetrated deep into the colonial countryside.

True

(Q012) Thomas Jefferson wrote that he hoped to erect a "wall of separation" between

church and state.

(Q025) Adding to Congress's formal declaration, the Declaration of Independence

declared the United States independent of British rule.

(Q024) Thomas Paine's January 1776 pamphlet Common Sense argued that

democracy and a written constitution were more preferable to monarchy.

Women in Dutch settlements

enjoyed more independence than in other colonies.

(Q041) What did Jefferson in his Declaration of Independence blame England for doing with Indians?

enlisting them to fight with the British against the Americans

The English colonies differed from the Spanish in that Spanish women could

jointly own all the wealth accumulated during marriage.

The Mayflower Compact of 1620 asserted that

just and equal laws made by male representatives onboard were to rule over others.

Native American religious beliefs and practices included

medicine men in positions of authority.

A "borderland" is a

meeting place of peoples where geographic and cultural borders are not clearly defined.

Under the ideals of liberalism, the "social contract" extorted that

men retain their natural rights because these rights predated the establishment of political authority.

At the time of first contact between Europeans and Native Americans, Native Americans had not developed

metal tools and machines.

Henry Care, author of English Liberties (1680), demonstrates that seventeenth-century identities rested in part on negative images of

other nations.

Who were the mestizos in the Americas?

persons of mixed Spanish and Indian origin

Why did news of the 1492 voyage of Columbus spread rapidly in Europe?

the invention of printing with movable type

(Q032) What was Thomas Jefferson's solution to tension between Indians and whites after the American Revolution?

the removal of Indians to territory beyond the Mississippi River

(Q005) Which of the following was a feature of the 1774 Intolerable Acts?

the suppression of town meetings and local elections

Despite China's growing territorial power, their purpose in exploration was

to impress other world peoples with their might.

(Q027) Which of the following defines republican motherhood?

training sons to be future citizens

What was the source of an increase in Native American tribal unity in the late 1700s?

violence directed against Indian people by white American soldiers and settlers

(Q011) When colonists insisted that because they were not represented in Parliament they could not be taxed by the British government, the British replied that they were represented by

virtual representation.

The Levellers

wanted to greatly expand the right to vote.

Slaves showed little inclination to challenge their enslavement in seventeenth- and early-eighteenth-century Virginia.

False

Which of the following statements is true regarding Leisler's Rebellion (1689)?

Following his defeat, Leisler's body was decapitated and cut into four parts.

As a result of the Seven Years' War, a large number of French residents in Nova Scotia

moved to Louisiana, where their descendants came to be known as Cajuns.

(Q004) While some 5,000 slaves fought for American independence, far more gained liberty by

obtaining sanctuary from the British.

(Q015) Thomas Jefferson helped pass laws in the state of Virginia that abolished "primogeniture," which is defined as

passing the entirety of a family's land to the oldest son.

The "Sacred Experiment" carried out near present-day San Diego

was launched by the Spanish to take control and prevent occupation by foreigners.

The Albany Plan of Union

was the attempt to create a council composed of delegates from each colony to levy taxes and settle domestic issues.

The first African slaves were shipped to the New World in what year?

1502

(Q033) What area did England continue to control in the Americas after the American Revolution?

Canada

(Q030) The final decisive victory in the War for Independence was

Cornwallis's defeat at Yorktown.

(Q032) Who was considered "the first martyr" of the American Revolution?

Crispus Attucks

Among the suggested reasons why the English should colonize the New World were that

English settlements would reduce the Spanish empire and the influence of Catholicism.

Intermarriage was common between Indians and English settlers.

FALSE

Seventeenth-century New England quickly developed into a land of African-based slavery.

FALSE

The phrase "freedom of speech" originated in colonial America.

FALSE

(Q044) Except in Vermont, property ownership was not a requirement for voting in the early republic.

FASLE

"Racism"--the idea that some races are inherently superior to others and entitled to rule over them--was fully developed in seventeenth-century colonial Virginia.

False

(Q038) The authority of church leaders went remarkably unchallenged during the revolutionary era.

False

(Q049) Confiscated property of Loyalists was returned to them following the Treaty of Paris.

False

Which of the following was a significant feature of the Salem witchcraft hysteria of the early 1690s?

Many inhabitants accused others of witchcraft in order to deflect suspicion from themselves.

Why did the Pueblo Revolt take place?

Native Americans in New Mexico grew resentful of Spanish colonization.

Which of the following was a theme of Puritan thought?

People enter this world as either the "elect" or the "damned."

(Q070) In his work, A Summary View of the Rights of British America, Thomas Jefferson demanded that the British empire be viewed as a collection of equal parts held together by loyalty to a constitutional monarch, and not a system in which one part ruled over the others.

TRUE

(Q076) In Thomas Jefferson's draft of the Declaration of Independence, he berated the king regarding the continued inhumanity of the slave trade.

TRUE

(Q079) The brutal treatment of civilians by British forces under Col. Banastre Tarleton persuaded many Americans to join the patriot cause.

TRUE

Britons and colonists tended to regard themselves as the freest people in the world.

TRUE

By 1750, the Virginian population recognized "white" and "free" as virtually identical.

TRUE

Colonial political offices frequently passed from generation to generation within the same family.

TRUE

Every European empire in the New World utilized slave labor and battled for control of the slave trade.

TRUE

Under the headright system, anyone who brought in a sizable number of servants would immediately acquire a large estate.

TRUE

Which of the following is true regarding free blacks (such as Anthony Johnson) in Virginia and Maryland in the 1600s?

They could sue or testify in court.

(Q053) While Abigail Adams resented the "absolute power" husbands exercised over their wives, she did not believe in female equality in a modern sense.

True

(Q059) During the Revolution, American Indians were divided in allegiance.

True

(Q061) Some slaves gained their freedom by serving as soldiers during the Revolution.

True

(Q063) During the Seven Years' War Great Britain treated the colonists as allies, yet only a few years later the colonists were treated as subordinates again.

True

Africans enslaved other Africans long before the arrival of European traders.

True

On the eve of colonization of the Americas, freedom in Europe was framed in hierarchical, top-down terms, with each level of society enjoying its own degree of freedom.

True

Seventeenth-century Maryland stood out for its system of absolute rule, but also for its practice of religious toleration.

True

Under the seventeenth-century British Navigation Acts, certain goods produced in the colonies had to be transported in English ships and sold in ports in England.

True

In Jonathan Edwards's view, what was a sinner's only hope in life?

a "new birth" in which they became devout Christians

Lord Baltimore's sudden voting restriction based on land accumulation resulted in

a Protestant uprising calling for his removal from office.

(Q018) The Carolina "Regulators" of the mid-1760s were

a group of wealthy residents of the backcountry who protested the lack of courts and lack of representation in the colonial governance.

Under the Dutch in North America, "half freedom" referred to

a labor and land relationship with enslaved Africans.

(Q005) The Book of Negroes was

a list of African-Americans evacuated from New York City at the end of the Revolutionary War.

A "visible saint" was the term Puritans used to describe

a person who had experienced a conversion experience.

(Q022) Phillis Wheatley is celebrated in American history as

a published poet and slave of African origins.

(Q014) For most free Americans in the new republic, equality meant

equal opportunity rather than equality of condition.

(Q021) A major blow in the relationship between the British and colonists occurred when Lord Dunmore proclaimed

escaped African slaves who took up arms for the king of England would be freed.

(Q044) Ignoring the Proclamation of 1763 enabled colonists to do what action in the Borderlands?

expand westward

(Q008) During the Revolutionary War, a Massachusetts group of women accused a merchant of hoarding coffee, later taking matters into their own hands by

forcing open the merchant's warehouse and taking the goods.

The trial of John Peter Zenger involved the issue of

freedom of the press.

Which of the following was a major cause of Bacon's Rebellion?

frustration over high taxes and diminishing availability of land

Among the problems facing the early settlers of Jamestown colony were

high rates of death and disease.

The European practice of "coverture" included that

in marriage, a wife surrendered her legal identity

The expansion of tobacco cultivation in the early 1600s led to an increase in demand for which of the following labor groups?

indentured servants

(Q026) To finance the war, Congress

issued hundreds of millions of dollars in paper money.

Following the Proclamation of 1763,

its ordinances were ignored and officials covered their involvement in land grabs.

Because French and Dutch settlements were more dependent on Indians as trading partners and allies than the English, Native Americans exercised more

power and freedom with Europeans in relations with these settlements.

In the prevailing theory of mercantilism, the government should

regulate economic activity to promote the nation's power.

Pennsylvania's Charter of Liberty

required all persons to affirm Jesus Christ's divinity.

The Maryland Act Concerning Negroes and Other Slaves (1664) held that white women who married slaves had to

serve her husband's owner until the slave's death.

The English "enclosure" movement of the 1500s and 1600s forced small farmers off "commons" land so that the land could be taken up by

sheep.

(Q017) What did the 1766 Declaratory Act declare?

that Parliament had the power to pass laws for all of the colonies "in all cases whatever"

(Q016) Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations (1776) argued that

the "invisible hand" of the free market was more effective and fairer than government intervention in the economy.

(Q009) British success in the Seven Years' War contributed to the making of the American Revolution because

the British government raised taxes to pay for the debt it incurred during the war.

The movement that sought to apply the scientific method of careful investigation based on research and experiment to politics and social life was called

the Enlightenment.

The effect of the Enlightenment on religion resulted in

the adoption of the concept of deism.

In the mid-eighteenth-century colonies, this area of settlement was the most rapidly growing region in North America.

the backcountry

Following the Seven Years' War, what factor led to a loss of power for Native American tribes in eastern North America?

the departure of the French

One key motivation behind many early English settlers in the American colonies was

the desire to escape from the spiritual corruptions of England.

The primary goal of fifteenth-century Portuguese expansion was

the establishment of a trading empire in Asia.

(Q015) Committees of Correspondence in the colonies during the 1760s

were a group of colonial elites who exchanged ideas and information about resistance to the Sugar, Currency, and Stamp Acts.

Having fled religious intolerance in England, the Puritans in Massachusetts

were intolerant of persons who disagreed with their version of Christianity.

Within the Puritan community, the family was considered the foundation of a strong community while unmarried persons

were viewed as a danger to the social fabric of the community.

The Great Awakening occurred because many ministers were concerned with

westward expansion.

(Q030) Which of the following are true about Thomas Jefferson and his religious beliefs?

He viewed established churches as a major example of despotism and believed that religious liberty served God's will.

(Q031) Independence created governments democratically accountable to voters who coveted

Indian land.

In 1762, the Indians of the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes launched a revolt against British rule called

Pontiac's Rebellion.

Which of the following is true regarding the aftermath of King Philip's War?

Puritans sold Indian children from the warring tribes into slavery.

Which of the following is true regarding the Middle Passage?

Ship captains sometimes threw slaves overboard, especially when they were sick.

Bartolomé de Las Casas in A Very Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies in 1552 argued that

Spanish people burned Native American children alive.

During the first half of the eighteenth century, the flow of non-English migrants to British North America was larger than that of English migrants.

True

England's ongoing struggle to subdue Ireland delayed its entry into New World colonization.

True

One significant consequence of the Glorious Revolution for the American colonies was

a renewed sense of entitlement to political liberty for Anglican Protestants.

The Charter of Liberties and Privileges

allowed for a trial by jury and the security of property.

A "praying Indian" was the term for

an Indian who converted to Christianity.

Prior to being taken over by the English in 1664, New York was

called New Netherland and controlled by the Dutch empire.

During the eighteenth century, more than half the Africans shipped to the New World as slaves were

carried on British vessels.

Many British saw the colonists of British North America as religious dissidents, impoverished servants, and

convicts.

(Q038) South Carolina and Georgia were the two southern colonies that failed to take what action to help win the war?

enroll free blacks and slaves to fight

Which of the following was promoted by Oliver Cromwell?

the expansion of Protestantism

Most Indian tribes were matrilineal

true