HSA3012 Final
The median salary for dieticians/nutritionists working in government agencies in the US is closest to which of the following?
$50,000
The median salary for health educators working in government agencies in the US is closest to which of the following?
$50,000
The median salary for environmental health specialists working in government agencies in the US is closes to which of the following?
$60,000
Compared with a country with a steady population, a country with a rapidly growing population is most likely to have which of the following characteristics?
A higher proportion of the population less than 15 years old
A direct contributing factor may be defined as
A scientifically established factor the directly affects the level of the determinant
An outbreak of monkey pox infections in several Midwestern states in 2003 was traced to rodents imported from
Africa
The emergence of drug resistant strains of which of these pathogens has resulted in decreased effectiveness of treatment regimens
All of these
Government scan influence the health of their citizens by
All the above
The 1988 Institute of Medicine report on the future of public health concluded the most serious problem facing public health in the US was that
Americans were taking their public health system for granted
Which of these best describes the role and duties of nutritionists and dietitians working in public health?
Help promote, maintain, and improve individual and community health by assisting individuals and populations to adopt healthy lifestyles relating to diet and exercise.
The best single predictor of poor health in a community is
Poverty
Which of the following is not a mortality-based indicator of health status in a population?
Prevalence rate
The difference between primary and secondary prevention of disease is
Primary prevention focuses on control of causal factors, while secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment of disease.
Which of these best describes the role and duties of a public health nurse?
Promote health and prevent disease for entire population groups
These individuals prepare and disseminate informational materials to support and promote the programs and services of their agency:
Public Information Specialists
Public health systems and services have evolved differently in various parts of the world, as well as in the United States among the various states. Which of the following best identifies the two major forces that have shaped public health activities over time and geography?
Science and social values
Major eras in the history of the American public health system were characterized by all of the following except
Edwin Chadwick's epidemiological investigations of cholera.
A typical pathway to obtain the required knowledge and experience required to become an epidemiologist is through a master's degree in epidemiology or a master's degree in nursing.
False
Among the 10 essential public health services, epidemiologists and related occupations are especially important in providing 65% of these services.
False
Approximately 40% of all RNs in the United States work in community or public health settings.
False
Environmental and occupational health workers generally function at all levels of government, but especially at the federal level.
False
Epidemiologists rank among the three largest categories of public health workers based on surveys of the local public health workforce.
False
Health educators rank among the three largest categories of public health workers based on surveys of the local public health workforce.
False
Licensed vocational/practical nurses have the necessary education, experience, and license requirements to quality as an RN/public health nurse but have simply made a decision to work in the area of vocational medicine.
False
Most local health departments in the U.S. have more than 100 full time employees.
False
Nutritionists/dieticians rank among the three largest categories of public health workers based on surveys of the local public health workforce.
False
One essential duty of the entry-level public health nurse is the operation of a mobile health van to provide accessible health care to the community.
False
Physicians are currently the largest and most active professional occupational category in the public health workforce.
False
Private insurance in the US pays for more than one-half of all national expenditures.
False
The Public Health Code of Ethics is an exhaustive set of health principles that should be held by people in the public health discipline.
False
The total number of positions for health educators is expected to decline by the year 2018.
False
In the US, the national health promotion and disease prevention agenda is known as
Healthy People
In which form of justice are collective actions leading to the assumption of additional burdens often necessary in order to assure the fair distribution of societal benefits?
Social justice
The Institute of Medicine identified which level of government as the central force in public health, bearing primary public sector responsibility for the health of the people?
State
What is the function of law in public health?
To create a mission for public health authorities, assign their functions, and specify the manner in which they may exercise authority
A central theme of the 2002 Institute of Medicine Report on the future of public health was that government alone should not bear full responsibility for the health of the public.
True
Both AUPHA and ACHESA are linked with the American College of Healthcare Executives, which credentials health administrators.
True
Commonly, public health administrators and managers lack formal training at the master's or doctoral level in public health.
True
Communicable disease investigators may or may not have education and training equivalent to a bachelor degree.
True
Community health workers are considered technical or paraprofessional staff and in most cases, there is no formal career ladder for persons in these positions.
True
Environmental health specialists rank among the three largest categories of public health workers based on surveys of the local public health workforce?
True
Epidemiologists are important in the analyzing the efficacy of public health programs and disease interventions.
True
Epidemiology is often called the mother science of public health practice.
True
Less than two-thirds of all adults diagnosed with depression receive treatment for this disorder.
True
Managers and administrators rank among the three largest categories of public health workers based on surveys of the local public health workforce.
True
Many midsize and small local health departments do not employ an epidemiologist.
True
Nurses remain in short supply throughout the health sector, making the recruitment and retention of public health nurses an issue for potential employers.
True
Public health social workers often have positions in maternal and child health programs or in mental health services offered by public agencies
True
The American Public Health Association (APHA) has a membership section that targets public health managers.
True
The H5N1 Influenza virus has fueled concerns over the possibility of a global pandemic.
True
The overall number of positions for RNs is expected to grow by the year 2022, but with no increase in the number employed by government agencies.
True
As a result of legislation enacted by Congress, this agency was moved out of the US Treasury Department and placed in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services). It was first established as the Marine Hospital Service in 1789.
US Public Health Service
Which of the following essential public health services is least likely to be included in a health educator's practice profile?
enforcing laws and regulations
Which of the following essential public health services is least likely to be included in a public health nurse's practice profile?
enforcing laws and regulations
Which of these public health-related occupations is included in the US Bureau of Labor Statistics' Standard Occupational Categories?
environmental engineer
Which of these public health-related occupations is included in the US Bureau of Labor Statistics' Standard Occupational Categories?
epidemiologist
The State Health Officer is usually appointed by the:
governor
The major strategy used by the federal government in the U.S. after about 1935 to influence the health policies and services of states and local governments was
grants-in-aid
Which of these public health-related occupations is included in the US Bureau of Labor Statistics' Standard Occupational Categories?
health and medical services manager
Healthy People 2010 categorizes U.S. health issues according to
health promotion, protection, and prevention
Which of following is NOT a typical minimum qualification for senior-level public health nurses:
knowledge of biostatistical software and its use in assessing potential epidemiological outbreaks
The approximate percentage of all health and medical care expenditures in the United States spent on clinical preventive and public health services is
less than 5 percent
Mortality rates in the US show the following gender differences
males greater than females
Which of the following essential public health services is least likely to be included in a public health manager's practice profile?
monitoring health status
For which of the following Healthy People 2010 objectives were the targets for the year 2010 achieved?A. percentage of adolescents using condoms B. percentage of adolescents not using alcohol or illicit drugs in the past month C. none of the above D. percentage of adolescents abstaining from sexual intercourse
none of the above
Which of these public health-related occupations is included in the US Bureau of Labor Statistics' Standard Occupational Categories?
nutritionist
Approximately how many registered nurses positions are projected to be filled between 2012 and 2022:
over 1,000,000
A physician fills out a death certificate as follow: IMMEDIATE CAUSE OF DEATH-pulmonary embolism DUE TO-deep venous thrombosis DUE TO-pancreatic cancer. She notes that a liver biopsy was performed prior to death. In the U.S. vital statistics, this death would be recorded as due to
pancreatic cancer
For which of the following Healthy People 2010 objectives were the targets for the year 2010 achieved?
percentage of adults who are physically active
In 1900, the leading cause of death in the United States was which of the following conditions?
pneumonia and influenza
Immunizations fall into what category of disease prevention?
primary prevention
Public information specialist is a position title comparable to the standard occupational classification _______.
public relations specialist
Public health systems and services have evolved differently in various parts of the world, as well as in the United States among the various states. Which of the following pairs best identifies the two major forces that have shaped public health activities over time and geography?
science and social values
Principal findings of the United States Preventive Services (USPS) Task Force include all the following except
screening tests should be applied uniformly
Early detection of disease and interventions to reverse, halt, or at least slow the progression of a condition, often performed when disease is not yet symptomatic, is a description of
secondary prevention
Important factors shaping health policy in the United States include all of the following except
socialism
Appropriate considerations for implementation of a screening test include all the following except
the physician's familiarity with the disease
Adopting a population health approach that considers the multiple determinants of health within an ecological framework was one of the central recommendations in
2002 IOM Report
The number of medical and health services managers working in government agencies in the US is closest to which of the following?
25,000
What percentage of US local health departments employs public health managers/administrators?
40%-60%
Medical services (including clinical preventive services such as immunizations and screening tests) account for what share of the 30-year increased life expectancy achieved for Americans between 1900 and 2000?
5 years
The number of health educators working in government agencies in the US was closest to which of the following in 2008?
5,000
The number of environmental health scientists/specialists working in government agencies in the US is closest to which of the following?
80,000
Compared with the situation in the US in 1900, the number of deaths due to infectious diseases is now:
Much less
Based on a quick examination of Internet web sites, which of these organizations is most closely affiliated with local public health agencies across the U.S.?
NACCHO
Which of these professional organizations is most closely associated with environmental health specialists?
NEHA
Which of these characteristics applies to the greatest number of official state health departments in the United States?
Operates state institutions
Which of these best describes the role and duties of a public health manager or administrator?
Plan, organize, direct, control, and coordinate health services, education, or policy
Which of the following essential public health services is least likely to be included in a public health nutritionist's practice profile?
assisting in installation, operation and maintenance of environmental monitoring
Which of the following essential public health services is least likely to be included in an environmental health specialist's practice profile?
assuring a competent workforce
In terms of its ranking among the world's nations for mortality rates, the U.S. generally ranks
below (i.e., has a higher rate than) about 25 to 30 other countries
These individuals provide persons, families, or vulnerable populations with psychosocial support needed to cope with chronic, acute, or terminal illnesses, such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome, cancer, or Alzheimer's disease.
Medical and Public Health Social Workers
The term "Title XVIII" which was signed into law on July 30, 1965, is better known as
Medicare
What percentage of US local health departments employs environmental health specialists?
15-35%
Health care expenditures in the United States increased from $12.7 billion in 1950 to over $2.5 trillion in 2010. About what proportion of the gross national product was spent on health care in 2010?
16 percent
Which of these professional organizations is most closely associated with public health managers?
ACHE
Which of these professional organizations is most closely associated with public health nutritionists?
ADA
Which of these entities is the credentialing arm of the American Nurses Association?
ANCC
This organization has sections that focus on issues important to each of the occupational categories discussed in this chapter, including food and nutrition, social work, mental health, drugs, medical health, and oral health.
APHA
Which of these entities has published competencies specifically for environmental health administrators?
APHA
Which of these entities has published competencies specifically for epidemiology and biostatistics that provide a useful baseline for professional practice in this field:
APHA
Which of these entities has published competencies specifically for health educators?
APHA
Which worker applies statistical reasoning and methods in addressing, analyzing, and solving problems in public health?
Biostatistician
Which of the following health measures has the greatest potential for prevention of disease in the U.S.?
Modification of personal health behavior
Based on a quick examination of Internet web sites, which of these federal health agencies places the greatest emphasis on prevention?
Centers for Disease Control
The National Institutes of Health does which of the following?
Conducts research into the treatment of major categories of disease
More than three-fourths of all US local health departments are organized at this level of government
County
Introduction of smallpox vaccination is credited to which of these individuals?
Jenner
