Human Biology: Immune System

Which of these is a sequence of defense for fighting off a pathogen? tears → fever → antibodies fever → T-cells → saliva ear wax → B-cells → inflammation inflammation → tears → antigens

tears → fever → antibodies

Which line of defense includes active immunity? first second third fourth

third

Which are lymphocytes? T-cells and phagocytes phagocytes and saliva saliva and B-cells B-cells and T-cells

B-cells and T-cells

How do T cells coordinate the immune response?

T cells identify pathogens by the antigens on their surface. T cells can multiply. T cells stimulate B cells to produce antibodies. Antibodies bind to antigens, making the pathogen a target for phagocytes.

Which of these are included in the immune response? Select 3 correct answers. T-cells lymphocytes B-cells stem cells oil

T-cells lymphocytes B-cells

James was exposed to a pathogen when he was 10 years old and felt ill. What would most likely happen if he were exposed to the same pathogen when he is 12 years old? - His body would destroy the pathogen before he felt symptoms. - His reaction to the pathogen would be worse than the first. - His antibodies would decrease, since he had been exposed already. - New types of antibodies would be made in response to the second exposure.

His body would destroy the pathogen before he felt symptoms.

Which statement best describes how a B-cell works? It produces antigens, which stimulate a fever. It produces antibodies specific to an antigen. It produces antigens specific to antibodies. It produces antibodies, which stimulate a fever.

It produces antibodies specific to an antigen.

What differentiates the inflammatory response and the immune response? The inflammatory response is specific, and the immune response is general. T cells are part of the inflammatory response but not of the immune response. Antigens are produced as part of the immune response but not as part of the inflammatory response. Swelling is evidence of an inflammatory response but not of an immune response.

Swelling is evidence of an inflammatory response but not of an immune response.

Which white blood cell identifies pathogens based on the antigens found on the pathogen's surface?

T cell

What occurs when a mother breastfeeds her baby?

Passive Immunity

When studying the immune system in class, Peta concluded that T-cells are more specific to the pathogen than inflammation is. What did Peta most likely learn that led to this conclusion? - T-cells are made to identify antibodies, while inflammation starts a fever. - T-cells are made to identify antigens, while inflammation starts to make antibodies. - T-cells make antibodies that cause a fever, while inflammation identifies antigens on the pathogens. - T-cells are made to identify antigens, while inflammation fights anything in the affected area.

T-cells are made to identify antigens, while inflammation fights anything in the affected area.

How do the mouth, nose, throat, and lungs fight against pathogens?

The mouth, nose, throat, and lungs produce mucus. Mucus serves as a barrier preventing pathogens from getting to the tissues of the body.

How does the skin protect the body against illness? Select two options. The skin produces sweat and oil. The skin acts as a barrier. The skin identifies and coordinates an immune response. The skin produces mucus. The skin causes the body to produce antibodies.

The skin produces sweat and oil. The skin acts as a barrier.

Which statement describes many of the structures involved in the first line of defense of the immune system? - They have contact with the external environment. - They are internal and contact the pathogen through blood. - They produce B-cells in response to a pathogen. - They produce T-cells in response to a pathogen.

They have contact with the external environment.

When children are young and go to the doctor, the doctor will give them booster shots. This re-exposes the children to a dead portion of a disease to help them build immunity. Which type of immunity is described? active passive antibiotic phagocytic

active

Akio just got over having the flu. His brother just got the flu. His parents are not worried about Akio getting it again because he built up an immunity to this flu strain. Which explains the type of immunity he built up? - active because he built up antibodies due to exposure to the flu - active because his parents vaccinated him against the flu - passive because his mother passed on the flu antibody - passive because he had antibodies added to his blood

active because he built up antibodies due to exposure to the flu

Which would indicate that a vaccine is protecting a person from future disease? an increase in antibodies the production of a fever the production of phagocytes an occurrence of inflammation

an increase in antibodies

As a baby, Gina was exposed to a pathogen. Because of passive immunity, Gina's body was able to fight off the pathogen before she got sick. Which statement describes what enabled Gina to fight the pathogen? a high fever caused by the pathogen antibodies she received from her mother antibodies she received from a vaccination inflammation caused by antibodies

antibodies she received from her mother

Which substances are contained in saliva and tears to break down pathogens? enzymes acids oils sweat

enzymes

The main function of the immune system is to provide ____ to the body, which is defined as the body's ability to protect itself from pathogens it is exposed to.

immunity

If a pathogen on food got past saliva, which additional defenses in the first line of defense would the pathogen contact? stomach acid and lymphocytes lymphocytes and phagocytes phagocytes and mucus mucus and stomach acid

mucus and stomach acid

Which can be used to prevent initial entry of bacteria into the body? inflammation oil fever lymphocytes

oil

Which are included in the inflammatory response? Select three options. pain swelling antibodies mucus redness

pain swelling redness

When a woman is pregnant, her developing baby receives antibodies from her. What type of immunity does this describe?

passive immunity

Which of these engulf bacteria and break them down? lymphocytes phagocytes T-cells B-cells

phagocytes

Which would most likely cause a person to produce antibodies? receiving a vaccination experiencing swelling spraining a muscle experiencing a fever

receiving a vaccination

The first line of defense involves which structure(s)? T-cells skin blood B-cells

skin

Which structures produce a fluid to protect the body in the first line of defense? Select four options. hair stomach mouth eyes skin

stomach mouth eyes skin

Which best describes the purpose of a fever? - to make the body too hot for the bacteria to live - to make the body too cold for the bacteria to live - to stimulate lymphocytes to make antibodies - to stimulate an increased production of sweat

to make the body too hot for the bacteria to live

What is the function of the immune system? to move and support the body to protect the body from pathogens to break down food and absorb nutrients to filter the blood

to protect the body from pathogens

What are the roles of mucus? Select two options. - to trap pathogens - to start fevers - to prevent pathogens from moving into deep tissues - to stimulate B-cells to make antibodies - to identify antigens

to trap pathogens to prevent pathogens from moving into deep tissues

Which of these is a weakened or dead form of a pathogen that causes an immune response? antibody vaccine antigen inflammation

vaccine

What is made by the ears to prevent pathogens from entering the body?

wax