Human Growth and Development Midterm ICCMS

Recent research shows that high doses of aspirin during pregnancy can contribute to which of the following?

Maternal and fetal bleeding

Which of the following prenatal diagnostic tests would detect spina bifida?

Maternal blood screening

When does maximum bone density occur?

Mid-30s

Joe is a late-maturing boy. How will his self-identity in his 30s compare to the self-identity of his early-maturing peers?

More positive

We know that fetuses can hear before birth because newborns

Show preferences for sounds presented repeatedly before birth.

Which of the following genetic disorders occurs most often in African Americans

Sickle-cell anemia

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor related to SIDS?

Sleeping in a bedroom with a fan.

What is meant by the "blooming and pruning" analogy of brain development?

The brain produces many more dendrite and synapse connections than it uses (blooming). Unused connections disappear or are replaced (pruning).

Which of the following has NOT been linked to shorter durations of infant sleep?

The mothers emotional availability at bedtime.

Joanie is unhappy unless she has a boyfriend. She is very possessive and demanding with her peer relationships and constantly seeks to make someone her new best friend. What type of attachment is Joanie displaying?

anxious

The cellular clock theory holds that our cells divide

approximately 75-80 times before they die

Kierra is a young, single parent who is emotionally distant to her children. When she does interact with them, she often gets frustrated and sends them away from her. What type of attachment are her children likely to form?

avoidant

Beginning in early childhood, girls have more _____ tissue than boys and boys have more _____ tissue than girls

fatty;muscle

When engaging in cognitive tasks, older brains may compensate for the effects of aging with less

lateralization

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between sensation and perception?

perception cannot occur unless sensation occurs first.

Which of the following is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics to reduce the risk of SIDS?

place infants on their backs to sleep.

Tricia is independent, adventurous, and likes to explore new places. Her mother, however, is overly controlling and rigid. This is an example of

poor goodness of fit

Although she is upset, Olivia controls her emotions during a heated discussion with a co-worker. Olivia has a high level of emotional

regulation

Three-month-old Elizabeth smiles whenever her mother smiles at her. Researchers call this a _____ smile.

social

Tameka's newborn baby is awake for several hours during the night and often sleeps during the day. At what age will her child establish a pattern of sleeping mostly at night?

6 months

Body fat accounts for _____ percent of body weight in adolescence and _____ percent or more in middle adulthood.

10:20

As measured on the Snellen chart, a newborn's vision is estimated to be

20/240

A newborn's brain is _____ percent of its adult weight and grows to _____ percent of its adult weight by 2 years of age.

25:75

Social smiling occurs as early as _____ of age in response to a caregiver's voice.

4 to 6 weeks

What is approximately the earliest point that a fetus can survive outside the womb

6 months

The American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding strongly recommends exclusive breast-feeding until the infant is

6 months old

What percentage of adults over 70 have some type of hearing problem?

63%

Which of the following BEST explains why life expectancy is longer now than the early 1900s?

Adults today have better health and well-being and infant deaths have been reduced.

_____ is a sustained activity that stimulates heart and lung functioning

Aerobic exercise

Teri's doctor has recommended that she take folic acid regularly throughout her pregnancy. The doctor is most likely trying to prevent which of the following from occurring?

All of the above

Compared to young drivers, older drivers

All of the above.

Rachel has a positive relationship with her parents and siblings. Her parents are reasonable but clear in their expectations, and they support Rachel's interests and efforts. Rachel is

At low risk for drug abuse

Adolescents are more likely than adults to report feeling

Both very happy and very sad

According to the cephalocaudal growth pattern, which of the following is likely to show fast growth first?

Brain

Stella has just returned from the doctor and was told she has cloudy areas in the lenses of her eyes. Stella has

Cataracts

Which of the following prenatal diagnostic tests would involve removing a small sample of the placenta?

Chorionic Vill Sampling

What is an important factor in attachment as demonstrated by Harry Harlow's experiment with monkeys?

Contact comfort

Thirteen-year-old Jodi smokes and has a 16-year-old boyfriend. What might have influenced Jodi's behavior?

Early Maturation

The prefrontal cortex, which is the highest level of the frontal lobes, is involved in reasoning, decision making, and self-control. It finishes most of its development during

Emerging adulthood

A feeling or affect that occurs when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to him/her, especially to his or her well-being, is labeled a(n)

Emotion

in a study of 102 married couples, what was ranked as the most important factor in enduring love across all age groups?

Emotional security

Reducing oxidative damage in older adults can be potentially achieved through:

Exercise

The most effective weight-loss programs include

Exercise.

During which prenatal developmental period do the following changes—rapid weight gain; active movement of arms and legs; face, forehead, eyelids, nose, and chin becoming distinguishable—take place?

Fetal

Which of the following is the prenatal development period that takes place during the first 2 weeks after conception, includes the creation of a zygote, and ends with the attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall?

Germinal

An Apgar Scale score of 3 signals a newborn's condition is

High risk

According to the dynamic systems theory, how do infants develop motor skills?

Infants perceive something new in the environment that motivates them to act. They use their perceptions to fine-tune their movements

Leonard's blood test shows a major reduction in dopamine. The effect of this may be responsible for

Parkinson's disease

what are two major forms of love?

Romantic and affectionate

Tammy is middle-aged and walks daily with her friends. Research shows that she can expect which of the following in older adulthood?

a lower level of motor ability loss

Who is most likely to be obese in adolescents?

a male latino

Who among the following is LEAST likely to receive prenatal care?

a pregnant adolescents

When does the zygote implant in the lining of the mother's uterus?

about 10 to 14 days after contraception

Eighteen-month-old Bridger is running in the park when he reaches a steep embankment. He stops, looks up, and then drops to his hands and knees and begins crawling up. This illustrates the concept of

affordance

Cocaine exposure during prenatal development is linked to which of the following?

all above

Despite the concerns about substance abuse in adulthood, researchers have shown which of the following positive effects of moderate alcohol consumption in older adults?

all above

Fifteen-year-old Tamara only gets about six hours of sleep each night. Which of the following behaviors may Tamara exhibit due to her lack of sleep?

all above

In order to be emotionally competent, one needs

all above

Lack of sleep in young children is linked to which of the following?

all above

Ross is at risk of becoming a regular smoker if

all above

Which of the following prescription and nonprescription drugs can have harmful effects on an embryo or fetus?

all above

Older adults who exercise regularly will likely enjoy which of the following benefits?

all above.

Which of the following factors affects puberty's timing and makeup?

all above.

Well-developed gross motor skills allow infants to become more independent. Independence is important because it:

allows more and different kinds of interactions with the envoriment.

Dr. LaRossa hypothesizes that, as we age, our cells become increasingly less capable of dividing. Which theory of aging does he use in formulating his hypothesis?

cellular: clock

Gross motor skills include activities such as running, whereas fine motor skills include activites such as

cutting with scissors

Al avoids driving at night because it is difficult for his eyes to adjust after he passes oncoming cars. Al is having a problem with

dark adaption

Anya is growing up in an orphanage and receives very little emotional, mental, or physical stimulation and nurturing. Anya's brain development will likely be

depressed compared to peers raised in enriched envoirnments.

Sidney is expecting her first child and recently began to feel kicking movements. Sidney is MOST likely in the _____ month of her pregnancy.

fourth

Which theory of aging proposes that unstable oxygen molecules ricochet around cells, damaging DNA and other structures?

free radical

Activities that use large muscles develops:

gross motor skills

Which of the following is NOT associated with a lack of sleep in adolescents?

high levels of melatonin

Physical changes in middle and late childhood occur

in a slow, and consistent manner.

According to the proximodistal growth pattern, which of the following is likely to show growth earlier?

legs and arms

According to Tiffany Field's research, what can increase weight gain, alertness, and activity in preterm infants?

massage therapy

Longitudinal research on attachment indicates a likelihood that attachment style

may be altered by negative factors such as parental death or unstable caregiving.

Which two theories claim that damage incurred by unstable oxygen molecules precipitates the aging process?

mitochondrial and free radical

Psychoactive drugs affect the _____ system

nervous

Communication in the synapses occurs through the release of chemical substances known as

neurotransmitters

Socioemotional selectivity theory argues that

older adults deliberately withdraw from peripheral relationships, while increasing contact with close friends and family members that offer enjoyable relationships.

Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby stress that

quick attention to crying is important in the development of a strong bond between parent and child.

Age-related loss of muscle mass and strength is called

sarcopenia

During which stage of childbirth is the fetus expelled from the womb?

second

f a mother wants to reduce the risk of her child developing wheezing symptoms and asthma, she should

stop smoking

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration has identified _____ as an "invisible epidemic."

substance abuse among older adults.

Peak physical performance usually occurs during

the 20s

Who is MOST likely to get up latest in the day?

the freshman

Stephanie's doctor reduces the dosage of her daily medication when she begins trying to get pregnant. The principle behind this action states that

the greater the dose of a teratogen, the greater the effect on prenatal development.

Adolescence is a critical juncture in health because

the unhealthy lifestyle formation and factors leading to early death start during adolescence.

Which of the following would be a benefit to mothers who breastfeed?

they are less likely to develop type 2 diabetes