Human Nutrition Test 2
Proteins play important roles in the body, including _____. (Ch.6)
Fighting off the flu and other infections, aiding in digestion, and transporting nutrients through the blood
An acceptable main dish for a lacto-ovo-vegetarian would be _____. (Ch.6)
stir-fried tofu and vegetables over brown rice, baked ziti with ricotta cheese, spinach, and tomato sauce, a cheese and broccoli omelet
If a food contains 25 grams of carbohydrate and 200 kilocalories per serving, what percent of the kilocalories in this food come from carbohydrate? (Ch.4)
50
Charlie is a 22-year-old male nonathlete who weighs 70 kilograms. How much protein should he consume daily? (Ch.6)
56g (70x0.8)
How many amino acids are considered essential to consume in the diet? (Ch.6)
9
Trans fats are unhealthy for the heart because they _____. (Ch.5)
raise low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels
Proteins act as ____________ and help to maintain proper pH in blood by picking up or donating hydrogen ions. (Ch.6)
Buffers
The hormone that directs the breakdown of glycogen into glucose is _____. (Ch.4)
Glucagon
What hormone, released from the pancreas in response to a low blood glucose level, acts to raise blood glucose back to normal? (Ch.4)
Glucagon
The process of making glucose from noncarbohydrate sources is called ________. (Ch.4)
Gluconeogenesis
The most abundant carbohydrate in nature is ________. (Ch.4)
Glucose
The "backbone" of a triglyceride is a ____ molecule. (Ch.5)
Glycerol
_____ is the storage form of glucose in the body. (Ch.4)
Glycogen
What are the major functions of protein in the human body? (Ch.6)
Growth and maintenance of new tissue, synthesis of certain hormones, maintaining fluid balance
Dietary cholesterol is found in all of these foods EXCEPT: (Ch.5)
Margarine
Complete protein is found abundantly in _____. (Ch.6)
Meat
After a person consumes a glass of soy milk, where does the majority of the digestion and absorption of the protein occur? (Ch.6)
Small intestine
Most digestion of fat occurs in the ________. (Ch.5)
Small intestine
Where in the body are disaccharides digested and absorbed? (Ch.4)
Small intestine
Reducing the consumption of _______ will have the biggest impact on decreasing the amount of added sugars that Americans consume. (Ch.4)
Sodas, energy drinks, and sports drinks
Which of the following are good sources of the essential fatty acids linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid? (Ch.5)
Soybean oil, flaxseed, walnuts
What are the health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids? (Ch.5)
They reduce atherosclerosis, They prevent irregular heartbeats, and They lower blood pressure
The autoimmune disease that destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas is called ______________ . (Ch.4)
Type 1 Diabetes
What behaviors can help reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes? (Ch.4)
limiting added sugar, exercising regularly and eating a balanced, high-fiber, healthy diet
The latest AMDR for protein is _____ of one's daily energy intake. (Ch.6)
10-35%
The minimum amount of carbohydrates needed daily is _____ grams. (Ch.4)
130
The nutrition analysis of a fast-food meal indicates it contains 20 grams of fat. How many kilocalories are provided by the fat? (Ch.5)
180
Proteins consist of a chain of some combination of ____ unique amino acids. (Ch.6)
20
An 8-ounce glass of low-fat chocolate milk contains 160 kilocalories (kcal) and 8 grams of protein. What percent of the kcal in the milk comes from protein?
20%
Carbohydrates provide ____ kilocalories per gram. (Ch.4)
4
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) recommendation is that _____ percent of an adult's total daily energy intake should come from carbohydrate. (Ch.4)
45-65
What foods are a source of complete protein? (Ch.6)
Chicken breast, soy milk
What source of protein has the highest digestibility? (Ch.6)
Pork
A body that retains more nitrogen than it excretes is in _______. (Ch.6)
Positive nitrogen balance
any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, collagen, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies.
Protein
Which of the following types of grains provide the most micronutrients and dietary fiber? (Ch.4)
Whole Grains
Which of these food items contains the most dietary cholesterol per serving? (Ch.5)
Whole milk
People with the inherited disorder known as phenylketonuria (PKU) are unable to metabolize which of the following sweeteners? (Ch.4)
aspartame (NutraSweet or Equal)
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for total fat intake is _______. (Ch.5)
between 20 percent and 35 percent of a person's daily energy intake
The small bulging pouches that are sometimes found along the intestinal lining are called _____. (Ch.4)
diverticula
Which of the following nutrients are added to enriched grains? (Ch.4)
folic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and iron
What hormone, released from the pancreas in response to a low blood glucose level, acts to raise blood glucose back to normal? (Ch.4)
glucagon
Kwashiorkor is a type of protein-energy malnutrition that develops when _____. (Ch.6)
there is a severe deficiency of protein in the diet but an adequate intake of energy
Which of the following provides at least one serving of a whole-grain food? (Ch.4)
three-fourths cup of cooked oatmeal with fat-free milk
Unless carefully planned, vegan diets may be low in which of the following essential micronutrients? (Ch.6)
vitamins D and B12, calcium, and iron
Which of these is healthiest? (Ch.5)
A high level of HDL cholesterol
What happens to the amino acids that are absorbed after the digestive process is complete? (Ch.6)
A limited supply of all amino acids remains in amino acid pools in the blood and inside the cells, Many amino acids are used to build and maintain body tissues, make new clotting proteins, enzymes, antibodies, neurotransmitters, and other products. Some amino acids are degraded and the nitrogen excreted in urine while the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen remains are used for energy, or are stored as fat.
The disaccharide lactose (milk sugar) is composed of ________. (Ch.4)
A molecule of glucose and a molecule of galactose
The part of the protein molecule that contains nitrogen is called the ________. (Ch.6)
Amine group
Limited amounts of surplus amino acids are stored in the body in _____. (Ch.6)
Amino acid pools
Which of the following is likely to be the highest in saturated fat? (Ch.5)
Animal products such as meat and dairy
A healthy immune system depends on an adequate supply of proteins that bind to and neutralize harmful invaders. What are these proteins known as? (Ch.6)
Antibodies
What foods can be eaten with brown rice to ensure all of the body's amino acid needs are met? (Ch.6)
Black beans, tofu, almonds
Protein synthesis is directed by a compound in the cell nucleus called ___________. (Ch.6)
DNA
The process that destroys the shape and activity of proteins when heat, acid, salts, or pressure is applied is known as ______. (Ch.6)
Denaturation
Sucrose is a ______. (Ch.4)
Disaccharide
All of the following are major classes of dietary lipids except: (Ch.5)
Eicosanoids
What is a good way to raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels? (Ch.5)
Exercise more and lose excess weight
Dietary fiber is associated with a reduced risk for________. (Ch.4)
Heart disease, certain cancers, constipation, diverticulosis, and diverticulitis
The characteristics of metabolic syndrome include all of the following EXCEPT: (Ch.5)
High HDL cholesterol
The lipoprotein that removes cholesterol from the tissues and delivers it to the liver to be used is ________. (Ch.5)
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
The majority of trans fats in foods are created by food manufacturers through the process of _________. (Ch.5)
Hydrogenation
What hormone is needed to move glucose (obtained from the food consumed) from the blood into the body's cells? (Ch.4)
Insulin
During the digestive process, most lipids are absorbed ________. (Ch.5)
Into the lymphatic system
People with a deficiency of the enzyme lactase cannot properly digest ________. (Ch.4)
Lactose (milk sugar)
All of the following organs play a role in the digestion of lipids EXCEPT the ________. (Ch.5)
Large intestine
Which of the following are current dietary fat recommendations for good health? (Ch.5)
Limit saturated fat intake to no more than 10 percent of fat intake, Limit fat intake to 20 to 35 percent of total calories, and Limit dietary cholesterol to less than 300 milligrams daily.
Bile is made in the ______ and stored in the _______.
Liver; gallbladder
Which of these lipoproteins has the highest percentage of cholesterol? (Ch.5)
Low-density lipoprotein (LPL)
Which element is found in proteins but not in carbohydrates and lipids? (Ch.6)
Nitrogen
Eating foods high in soluble fiber may help to reduce high blood cholesterol levels. The best source of soluble fiber is _____. (Ch.4)
Oatmeal
Which of the following foods are good sources of monounsaturated fatty acids? (Ch.5)
Olives, olive oil, cashew nuts, almonds, canola oil
Which of the following foods contains the least amount of fiber? (Ch.4)
One serving of meat
What will not denature a protein? (Ch.6)
Refrigerating milk
Which of the following foods are the richest sources of omega-3 fatty acids? (Ch.5)
Salmon and other fatty fish
Consumption of which of these dietary components raises low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol the most? (Ch.5)
Saturated fat
Which of the following is an example of a complex carbohydrate? (Ch.4)
Starch, fiber, glycogen
Fatty acids are classified by ________. (Ch.5)
The length of the fatty acid chain, whether the carbons are connected by single or double bonds, the total number of double bonds
The primary lipid in the body is _____. (Ch.5)
Triglycerides
