Human Resource Management

Apprentice Programs

A trainee who works alongside experienced employees to master the craft.

Job Specifications

A written summary of the minimal education/skills needed for a person to perform effectively (Characteristics, Self)

Vestibule Training

(Near-the-job training) Done in class with equipment similar to that used on the job.

What are the six steps managers use to evaluate performance?

1) Establish performance standards 2) Communicate those standards 3) Compare performance to standards 4) Discuss results 5) Take corrective action 6) Use results for business decisions

What are the six steps in the selection process?

1) Obtaining complete application forms 2) Conducting initial and follow-up interviews 3) Giving employment tests 4) Conducting background investigations 5) Obtaining results from physical exams 6) Establishing a trial period of employment.

What are the five steps in human resource planning?

1) Preparing a human resource inventory 2) Preparing a job analysis 3) Asserting future demand 4) Assessing future supply 5) Establishing a plan for recruiting, hiring, appraising, etc.

Grievance

A charge by employees that management is not abiding by the terms of labor contract.

Agency shop agreement

Employers may hire workers who are not required to join the union but must pay a special union fee.

What is networking?

Establishing connections to get additional development assistance.

Performance Appraisal

Evaluation that measures employee performance against standards to make decisions about promotions.

ERISA (Employee Retirement Income Security Act)

Federal law that increased the responsibility of pension plan trustees to protect retirees, established certain rights related to vesting and portability, and created the Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation

Flextime plan

Gives employees freedom to choose which hours to work.

Management development

Process of training employees to become good managers.

How can employees move within a company?

Promotion, reassignment, termination/retirement of a company.

What are the three types of union agreements?

Union shop agreements do not require employers to hire union members but must remain for a certain period, Agency shop agreements require workers to pay a fee but not join the union, and open shop agreements have a full choice of fees/joining.

Collective bargaining

Union/management representatives negotiate a contract for workers.

What tactics can unions/management use in conflicts?

Unions use strikes/boycott, while management use strikebreakers, lockouts, and injunctions.

Sexual harassment

Unwelcome sexual advances and sexual favors that create a hostile work environment.

Mediation

Use of a third party who encourages both sides in a dispute to resolve the matter.

Job simulation

Use of equipment that duplicates job conditions so trainees can learn the skills necessary.

Affirmative Action

"Right past wrongs" by increasing opportunities for minorities and women.

Selection

Process of gathering information and deciding who to hire.

Gig worker

A stand-up, part-time, comedian.

Job analysis

A study of what employees do who hold various job titles (Overall of description/specifications).

ADA

Americans with Disabilities Act

Arbitration

An agreement to bring in an impartial third party to settle a dispute.

Union

An employee organization whose main goal is to represent its members.

CO

Certificate of occupancy

What are current challenges/opportunities in the human resource area?

Changing demographics, unskilled workers, changing work attitudes, complex laws.

Secondary boycott

Convincing others to stop do business with a firm subject to the primary boycott; illegal.

Injunction

Court order directing someone to do something.

Online training

Demonstrates how technology is improving the efficiency of many off-the-job training.

Human resource management (HRM)

Determining human resource needs to recruit, select, develop, motivate, evaluate, compensate (BROAD).

Reverse discrimination

Discriminating against members of a dominant/majority group.

What are some training activities?

Employee orientation, on/off-the-job training, apprentice programs, online training, job simulation, and vestibule training.

Cafeteria-style fringe benefits

Employees can choose the benefits they want up to a certain dollar amount.

Right-to-work laws

Open shop agreement gives workers the option to join a union and not pay fees.

Non-exempt v. Exempt

Hourly v. Salary

Training and development

Increasing an employee's ability to perform to improve productivity.

Orientation

Initiation of new employees into the organizations.

Primary boycott

Labor encourages both its members and general public to not buy products from a specific firm.

Why has recruitment become more difficult?

Legal restrictions complicate hiring/firing.

Job sharing

Lets two or more part-time employees share one full-time job.

Lockout

Management putting pressure on union workers by temporarily closing the business.

What methods help develop managerial skills?

On-the-job coaching, job rotations, mentoring, etc.

Contingent Workers

Part-time workers (less than 34), temporary work, seasonal, independent, interns, co-op, and freelancers.

What are contingent workers?

Part-time workers who work less than 34 hours.

Core time

Period of the day when all employees are expected to be at their job stations.

Recruitment

Set of activities for obtaining the right number of qualified people.

What are fringe benefits?

Sick leave, vacation pay, company cars, pension plans, etc.

Fringe Benefits

Sick-leave pay, vacation pay, pension plans, and health plans.

What methods are used by human resource managers to recruit new employees?

Sources are classified as internal/external.

On-the-job training

Teaches the employee by watching and imitating.

Job Description

Specifies the objectives of the job, type of work, responsibility/duties, working conditions. (Job)

Offboarding

Surrounding employee exiting the company.

Shop stewards

Work permanently in an organization and represent employee interests, often in grievances.

Why has there been such an increase in contingent workers?

Workers demand flexibility and employers are need task-completers more than employees.

Union-shop agreement

Workers do not have to be members of a union to be hired but must agree to join for a certain period.

Strikebreakers

Workers hired to do the jobs of striking employees (scabs).

Compressed workweek

Working the full number of hours in fewer days.

Strike

Works collectively refuse to go to work.

What are the common types of compensation systems?

Salary systems, hourly wages, commission plans, bonus plans, stock options, gain-sharing plans, profit-sharing plans.