Hy 103 Module 1 Terms
john smith
-English explorer who helped found the colony at Jamestown, Virginia -a swashbuckling soldier of fortune with rare powers of leadership and self-promotion, he was appointed to the resident council to manage Jamestown. -very strict military -"He who will not work, shall not eat..." -wrote the first ever English autobiography in the 3rd person -left in 1609 -Leader of colonists group that sailed to Virginia in 1607 to establish a colony. Landed and founded the Colony Jamestown. Imposed strict discipline after the first winter only had 38 survivors, saying "those who shall not work, shall not eat" He bargained with Indians and explored the Chesapeake area. Without him Jamestown may not survive
puritans
-English religious group that sought to purify the Church of England; founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony under John Winthrop in 1630. -They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.
Tobacco in Jamestown
-John Rolfe brings tobacco to Virginia 1614 -120,000 English enter over course of the 17th century to grow tobacco -most are young, male, servants -5 men for every 1 woman -it weakened bodies and caused lots of disease
liberty vs. liberties
-People's ideas of liberty,"liberties",varied enormously depending on what status you had in society. The liberty of a big landowner was very different than the liberty of an indentured servant. There was no notion of liberty that was the same for everybody.
Indentured Servant
-a person promised to work for a fixed number of years in return for transportation to America -Settler who signed on for a temporary period of servitude to a master in exchange for passage to the New World; Virginia and Pennsylvania were largely peopled in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries by English indentured servants.
english liberty
-demands for freedom of expression, freedom of speech—which, as I said before, didn't really exist very strongly in England—demands for complete freedom of religion, demands for an expansion of the right to vote]
moral liberty
-religious liberty meant following the true faith, which to them was their faith, and so it was the right to worship as they thought was the proper way -Religious liberty grew because of the need to attract settlers, and the right to worship as you please became a major incentive for people to migrate from Europe to the New World.
infrastructure of Enslavement: Economy
1. Europeans make little effort to colonize Africa - Africa leaders are too powerful - tropical disease decimates European slaves 2. Europeans trade with African merchants for slaves - guns - rum - cloth from Indian Subcontinents (most important) 3. Intense trade competition for trade power - Portuguese start out in 1st place 4. Transatlantic slave trade is a global phenomena
Slavery In Africa
1. Labor of slaves used to supplement that of family members 2. Slaves could be: - war captives - debtors - convicted criminals 3. Slaves had some rights: - could work for their freedom - could marry into the family that enslaved them - could own property 4. Slave States DID NOT pass from parent to child like in the America's
headright system
A headright is a legal grant of land to settlers. Headrights are most notable for their role in the expansion of the thirteen British colonies in North America; the Virginia Company of London gave headrights to settlers, and the Plymouth Company followed suit. The headright system was used in several colonies, including Maryland, Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina.
reconquista
A long effort by the Spanish to drive the Muslims out of Spain
half way convenant
Allowed baptized children of church members to be admitted to a "halfway" membership in the church and secure baptism for their own children in turn, but allowed them neither a vote in the church, nor communion
Virginia Company
An English joint stock company created by King James to establish colonial settlements in North America -Joint stock enterprise chartered by King James. Decreed settlers would bring the christian religion to Indians who lived in "darkness" Promised of Gold-passage through Americas to Indies/ Guaranteed English would have same rights in New world as in England.
enclosure movement
Enclosure Movement - 18th century movement among wealthy British landed aristocrats to rationalize their farms. Using new farming technology and systems of crop rotation, they forced the agrarian poor off the old "village commons" that now became "enclosed" as private property. The jobless poor ended up constituting the proletariat working class in the upcoming Industrial Revolution.
john winthrop
He became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony, and served in that capacity from 1630 through 1649. A Puritan with strong religious beliefs. He opposed total democracy, believing the colony was best governed by a small group of skillful leaders. He helped organize the New England Confederation in 1643 and served as its first president. -Puritan leader and Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony who resolved to use the colony as a refuge for persecuted Puritans and as an instrument of building a "wilderness Zion" in America.
mound builders
Indian peoples of the Ohio River valley who sustained some large settlements after the incorporation of corn during the first millenium A.D.
Amerigo Vespucci
Italian explorer who was the first to recognize North and South America as distinct continents previously unknown to Europeans, Asians, and Africans
black legend
The Black Legend is a style of nonobjective historical writing or propaganda that demonizes the Spanish Empire, its people and its culture in an intentional attempt to damage its reputation. The Black Legend propaganda originated in the 16th century, a time of strong rivalry between European colonial powers.
great migration
The Great Migration was the movement of 6 million African-Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that occurred between 1910 and 1970
mayflower compact
The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by separatist Congregationalists who called themselves "Saints". Later they were referred to as Pilgrims or Pilgrim Fathers. They were fleeing from religious persecution by King James of England.
house of burgesses
The Virginia House of Burgesses /ˈbɜrdʒəsɪz/ was the first legislative assembly of elected representatives in North America. The House was established by the Virginia Company, who created the body as part of an effort to encourage English craftsmen to settle in North America and to make conditions in the colony more agreeable for its current inhabitants.
Columbian Exchange
Widespread exchange of animals, plants, diseases, and technology
a discourse concerning western planting
a document written to queen elizabeth to support the colonization schemes of walter raleigh and encourage english people to invest in it *The document makes the following points: 1.The British Empire must convert the Native Americans to Christianity. 2.In the future, the empire should not buy exotic goods from the Spanish empire, but directly by his colonies. 3.The English people without work can come here.
patroons
a patroon was a landholder with manorial rights to large tracts of land in the 17th century Dutch colony of New Netherland in North America. Through the Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions of 1629, the Dutch West India Company first started to grant this title and land to some of its invested members.
act concerning religion
law mandating religious tolerance for Trinitarian Christians. aka Maryland tolerance act
uprising of 1622
the Powhatan Confederacy "came unarmed into our houses with deer, turkeys, fish, fruits, and other provisions to sell us".[1] The Powhatan grabbed any tools or weapons available and killed all English settlers they found, including men, women and children of all ages. Chief Opechancanough led a coordinated series of surprise attacks by the Powhatan Confederacy that killed 347 people, a quarter of the English population of Jamestown.[2]
