HY 121 FINAL ch 24

As late as the 1990s, nearly 90 percent of suburban whites lived in communities with non-white populations of less than

1 percent

The name for the small group of poets and writers who railed against mainstream culture, and that included Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, was

Beats

It is a myth that children in the 1950s and 1960s were trained to hide under their desks in the event of an atomic attack.

False

What did President Eisenhower call his domestic agenda, which embraced a "mixed economy," in which the government played a major role in planning economic activity, and by which Eisenhower consolidated and legitimized the New Deal?

Modern Republicanism

In the aftermath of Rosa Parks's arrest for refusing to give her bus seat to a white rider, a yearlong bus boycott took place in what city?

Montgomery, Alabama

The so-called kitchen debate between Nixon and Khrushchev occured in

Moscow, Russia

In 1956, for the first time in American history, white-collar workers outnumbered blue-collar factory and manual laborers.

True

In many ways, the economy and culture of the 1950s were dominated by the automobile.

True

The Brown decision encouraged an awakening of civil rights protest- and segregationist protest- in the South, ensuring it would have the backing of federal courts.

True

Which of the following was not a prominent feature of suburban married life during the Fifties?

a growing tendency of husbands and wives to share the roles of breadwinner and homemaker

Regarding the first intercontinental ballistic missile, John F. Kennedy warned that Republicans had allowed this develop in which the Soviets had achieved technological and military superiority over the United States.

a missile gap

The 1954 update to the doctrine of containment, announced by Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, that declared a Soviet attack on any American ally would be countered by a nuclear attack on the Soviet Union, was called "brinkmanship" by its critics and this by supporters.

massive retaliation

While most Americans saw the alliance of the Defense Department and private industry as a source of jobs and national security, Eisenhower felt it was a threat to democracy, calling this power the

military-industrial complex.

In 1957, the Eisenhower Doctrine

pledged the United States to defend Middle Eastern governments threatened by communism or Arab nationalism.

One of the key advantages the Soviet Union held over the United States on a global scale was America's continuing issue of

segregation.

What was the coalition of black ministers and civil rights activists that pressed for desegregation and was formed in 1955, and in whose organizing Martin Luther King Jr., took the lead?

the Southern Christian Leadership Conference

During the 1950s, the mass movement for civil rights found principal support among

the southern black church.

Under this kind of program, cities demolished poor neighborhoods in city centers that occupied potentially valuable real estate; in its place were constructed retail centers and all-white middle-income housing complexes.

urban renewal

What was the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case decided on May 17, 1954, in which the "Warren Court" unanimously asserted that segregation in public education violated the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment?

Brown v. Board of Education

President Eisenhower hailed the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education as a positive move toward a more equal and just America; when a federal court ordered that Autherine Lucy be admitted to the University of Alabama in 1956, Eisenhower authorized the use of federal troops in her support.

False

By the end of the 1950s, almost 90 percent of American families owned television sets, average daily television viewing time was five hours, and television had proven itself the most effective advertising medium ever invented.

True

During the 1950s, gay men and lesbians increasingly created their own subcultures in major cities.

True

During the 1950s, prominent psychologists insisted that women who were unhappy as housewives suffered from a failure to accept the "maternal instinct".

True

The National Defense Education Act, which for the first time offered direct federal funding for higher education, was passed into law by Congress in 1957 in response to

the Soviet launch of the first artificial Earth satellite, Sputnik.

The baby boom lasted until

the mid-1960s.