HY 121: Quiz Questions

The phrase that best captures the vision of the Knights of Labor is

"Cooperative commonwealth"

While the total number of lynchings is difficult to determine during this time period, from 1880 to the mid-twentieth century, the confirmed number of people lynched reached nearly

4,000

Upon Lincoln's assassination, ____________ became president.

Andrew Johnson

Reception center in New York Harbor through which most European immigrants to America were processed from 1892 to 1954.

Ellis Island

According to Social Darwinism, government should seek to help the poor, and build an activist state to regulate the nation's corporations.

False

All of the victims of the Ku Klux Klan were black.

False

At the Battle of Little Big Horn, General George Armstrong Custer's troops were victorious.

False

Florence Kelley was ecstatic when the U.S. Supreme Court repudiated Mueller v. Oregon in 1923.

False

In 1879, for the first time since the Civil War, the United States departed from the gold standard.

False

No one was ever convicted under the 1917 Espionage Act or the 1918 Sedition Act.

False

Only after Spain threatened to invade America did the United States elect to go to war.

False

Presidential Reconstruction (1865-1867) was a success.

False

The Lost Cause mythology was rarely incorporated into churches as slavery was still questionable in the Bible.

False

The Social Gospel movement concentrated on attacking individual sins such as drinking and Sabbath-breaking and saw nothing immoral about the pursuit of riches.

False

The Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I was a savvy and fair, if short, document that equitably distributed culpability for the war among all warring factions.

False

The victorious Republicans, the "Redeemers," claimed to have redeemed the white South from corruption, misgovernment, and northern and black control.

False

Theodore Roosevelt's "New Nationalism" called for vigorous federal intervention in the economy, while Woodrow Wilson's "New Freedom" called on government to stay out of business affairs.

False

Young women of the 1920s whose rebellion against prewar standards of femininity included wearing shorter dresses, bobbing their hair, dancing to jazz music, driving cars, smoking cigarettes, and indulging in illegal drinking and gambling.

Flappers

What was the name of the organization that advocated a workers' revolution to seize control of the means of production and abolish the state, and which organized women, blacks, as Asian-Americans, as well as white men?

Industrial Workers of the World

The commissioner of Indian Affairs who launched an "Indian New Deal" that ended a policy of forced assimilation and allowed Indians unprecedented cultural autonomy, and who secured the passage of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, was

John Collier

What was the name of the organization that sought to organize both skilled and unskilled workers, women as well as men, blacks along with whites, and achieved a membership of nearly 800,000 in 1886?

Knights of Labor

What was the name of the British liner sunk by a German submarine in May 1915 that resulted in the deaths of more than 1,000 passengers, including 124 Americans?

Lusitania

Who was the leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, a movement for African independence and black self-reliance?

Marcus Garvey

Who were the two immigrants arrested for their participation in a robbery in which a security guard was killed whose case became a cause célèbre?

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti

What landmark United States Supreme Court decision gave approval to state laws requiring separate facilities for whites and blacks?

Plessy v. Ferguson

In what legal case did Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., declare that the First Amendment did not prevent Congress from prohibiting speech that presented a "clear and present danger"?

Schenck v. U.S.

Under this act, American men were required to register with the draft.

Selective Service Act

Sharecropping

Sharecropping

The phrase "forty acres and a mule" is derived from

Sherman's Field Order 15

1930 act that raised tariffs to unprecedented levels and worsened the Great Depression.

Smoot Hawley

The "splendid little war" of 1898 was

Spanish-American War

Ida Tarbell tirelessly worked to expose

Standard Oil Company

The effort undertaken on the part of the federal government to supply cheap electrical power for homes and factories in a seven-state region, preventing flooding, and putting the federal government in the business of selling electricity by building a series of dams was called

TVA

The House of Representatives approved articles of impeachment against President Andrew Johnson for violation of what law?

The Tenure of Office Act

All of the following were muckrakers except

Theodore Roosevelt

"Scalawags" was a derogatory term used to describe southern white Republicans.

True

"Vertical integration" is defined as one company controlling every phase of the business from raw materials to transportation, manufacturing, and distribution.

True

After the Immigration Act of 1924, a new category existed: illegal alien.

True

An oversupply of cotton on the world market, which led to a sharp decline in prices, contributed to a farmers' revolt and gave rise to the Populist movement.

True

Another important example of federal intervention and a new activism on the part of the national government into the economy was passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) by which the federal government became the agent policing the labeling and quality of food and drugs.

True

Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer sent federal agents to raid the offices of radical and labor organizations in November 1919 and January 1920 as part of the Red Scare.

True

By 1929, 80 million Americans went to the movies each week, and almost 5 million owned radios.

True

During Radical Reconstruction, following ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, the vast majority of eligible African-Americans registered to vote.

True

In 1866, the civil rights bill became the first major law in American history to be passed over a presidential veto.

True

In 1882 and again in 1902, the United States Congress passed laws excluding immigrants from China.

True

On December 29, 1890, soldiers killed between 150 and 200 American Indians, mostly women and children, near Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota.

True

One result of Muller v. Oregon was that women were still considered weak, dependent, and incapable of enjoying the same economic rights as men.

True

Section 7a of the National Recovery Administration recognized the rights of workers to organize unions.

True

The Civil Service Act of 1883 marked the first step in establishing a professional civil service and removing office-holding from the hands of political machines.

True

The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) insured millions of mortgages issued by private banks; and during the 1930s, the federal government set out, for the first time, to build thousands of units of low-rent housing for American citizens.

True

The Federal Reserve System (1913) and the Federal Trade Commission (1914) were major examples of the remarkable expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy during the Progressive era.

True

The Haymarket Affair resulted in the hanging of four convicted anarchists.

True

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) launched a long battle for the enforcement of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.

True

The National Industrial Recovery Act was modeled on the government-business partnership of the War Industries Board of World War I.

True

The Platt Amendment authorized the United States to intervene militarily whenever it saw fit.

True

The Sixteenth Amendment made the income tax constitutional.

True

The first national labor walkout occurred in 1877 and was the Great Railroad Strike.

True

The organization that united writers and social reformers who felt American energies should be directed at home rather than acquiring land around the globe was called the Anti-Imperialist League.

True

The worst race riot in American history occurred in 1921, when more than 300 blacks were killed and over 10,000 were left homeless after white mobs burned an all-black section of which city to the ground?

Tulsa, Oklahoma

This federal agency presided over all elements of war production from the distribution of raw materials to the prices of manufactured goods.

War Industries Board

Dollar Diplomacy, the U.S. foreign policy that emphasized economic investment and loans from American banks, rather than direct military intervention, was the policy of

William Howard Taft

The founder of the Oregon System of direct legislature was

William U'Ren

The term "Progressive" that came into common use around 1910 describes

a loosely defined political movement of individuals and groups who hoped to bring about social and political change in American life.

A "carpetbagger" is

a northerner who settled in the South after the war.

Which of the following best describes the "Ghost Dance"?

a pan-Indian movement which involved singing, dancing, and religious observances believed to be reminiscent of earlier prophets

The United States entered World War I in April of 1917 only after Germany resumed submarine warfare against its ships in the Atlantic and

after discovery of the Zimmermann Telegram

The Civil Works Administration (CWA), employed more than 4 million people in

construction of tunnels, highways, courthouses, and airports.

The Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871

defined crimes that deprived citizens of their civil and political rights as federal offenses, and under these laws President Grant sent federal marshals to arrest hundreds of accused Klansmen.

The Reconstruction Act of March 1867

divided the South into five military districts and called for creation of new state governments, with black men given the right to vote.

Which of the following was not a cause of the Great Depression that began in October 1929?

drastic tariff reductions

One of the main purposes of the Freedmen's Bureau was to

ensure a fair and viable system of labor relations between former slaves and former slaveholders.

During the 1920s, a group whose most well-known leader was Billy Sunday and who asserted their conviction in the literal truth of the Bible became known by which term that they coined?

fundamentalists

Between 1879 and 1880, an estimated 40,000-60,000 African-Americans migrated to

kansas

The 1887 Dawes Act

led to the loss of tribal lands and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions.

What did Prohibition (the Eighteenth Amendment, ratified in 1919) prohibit?

manufacture or sale of alcoholic beverages

Progressive-era writers and photographers seeking to expose the underside of urban-industrial society were known as

muckrakers

President Herbert Hoover's 1932 Reconstruction Finance Corporation did all of the following except

offer direct relief to the unemployed

A leader in the new feminism, Margaret Sanger

opened a clinic and began distributing contraceptive devices to poor women.

At a time of widespread hunger in the United States, the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) did all of the following except

ordered a vast expansion in the production of cotton, wheat, barley, and corn across the Midwest in an effort to stave off hunger and starvation.

In consequence of the "Bargain of 1877," President Rutherford B. Hayes

ordered federal troops to stop guarding the state houses in Louisiana and South Carolina.

The National Recovery Administration (NRA), headed by Hugh S. Johnson, set codes of fair practices and set prices and wages in many American industries; the NRA's symbol, which stores and factories that abided by the code displayed, was

the Blue Eagle

Charged with policing the land boundaries of the United States and empowered to arrest and deport persons who entered the country in violation of the new national quotas or other restrictions, the Immigration Act of 1924 created

the Border Patrol

In March 1933, Congress established the federal government as a direct employer of the unemployed when it authorized the hiring of young men to work on projects to improve national parks, forests, and flood control, through what was called

the Civilian Conservation Corps

In the 1930s, unusually dry weather blew winds over much of the Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, and Colorado soils, creating

the Dust Bowl

President Wilson articulated the clearest statement of American war aims and his vision of a new postwar international order in

the Fourteen Points

The vibrant black culture in 1920s New York City that included poets and novelists Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes, and Claude McKay was called

the Harlem Renaissance

The first federal agency intended to regulate economic activity, and ensure that railroad rates were reasonable, and favoritism was avoided was

the Interstate Commerce Commisssion

The idea of a romanticized version of slavery in the Old South, focusing on the Confederate experience was called

the Lost Cause

What was the name of the 1899 policy established by Secretary of State John Hay with regard to China?

the Open Door policy

What war lasted from 1899 to 1903, in which 4,200 Americans and over 100,000 Filipinos perished?

the Philippine War

The American foreign policy principle that held that the United States had a right to exercise "an international police power" in the Western Hemisphere was called

the Roosevelt Corollary

In 1925, what was the Tennessee trial in which a public schoolteacher faced charges of violating the state's law prohibiting the teaching of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution?

the Scopes Trial

The outbreak of World War I in 1914 was triggered by

the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand.

In February 1898, what ship exploded in Havana Harbor with a loss of nearly 270 lives?

the battleship Maine

Henry Ford's factory adopted a method of production known as

the moving assembly line

Legal devices whereby the affairs of several rival companies were managed by a single director are called

trusts

Who was the first cabinet member in American history to be convicted of a felony—for accepting nearly $500,000 from businessmen to whom he leased government oil reserves at Teapot Dome, Wyoming?

Albert Fall

The Stock Market Crash of 1929 is also known as

Black Tuesday

Who was the African-American leader who delivered a speech in 1895 at the Atlanta Cotton Exposition urging black Americans to adjust to segregation and stop agitating for civil and political rights?

Booker T. Washington

Why were the doors locked during the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire?

The owners didn't want women to have too many bathroom breaks.