Hypervolemia & Hypovolemia
What can lead to decreased output to cause hypervolemia ?
Renal failure & endocrine imbalances such as excessive production of ADH or aldosterone
ascites
accumulation of abdominal fluid
What can cause excessive aldosterone
adrenal tumor, congestive heart failure and liver disease
What causes hypovolemia ?
decreased intake and increased output
what are the signs and symptoms of Hypovolemia
decreased plasma and decreased interstitial
What does decreased interstitial causes
decreased skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, sunken eyeballs, weight loss, and increased body temperature because hypothalamus is affected by decreased water volume
Hypovolemia
depletion of extracellular fluid; not enough water in the extracellular fluid
What does excessive interstitial causes
edema, general weight gain, increased skin turgor, ascites may develop with abdominal pain, and difficulty in breathing
What is Hypervolemia ?
excess extracellular fluid; too much water in extracellular fluid
What can lead to increased intake to cause hypervolemia?
excessive administration of intravenous fluid (IV) and psychotic drinking episodes
What causes increased output to lead to hypovolemia
excessive perspiration, drainage from burns or abscesses, diarrhea, vomiting, hemorrhaging, diabetes insipidus
What are the signs and symptoms of hypervolemia ?
excessive plasma & excessive interstitial
What does decreased plasma causes
increased hematocrit, higher % of proteins in blood, lowered blood pressure, decreased filtration pressure in nephron causing reduced urinary output, and collapsed superficial veins
What causes hypervolemia ?
increased intake & decreased output
What does excessive plasma causes
lowered hematocrit, lower % of proteins in blood, elevated blood pressure, jugular veins distended (neck), circulatory overload
What causes decreased intake to lead to hypovolemia
voluntary or involuntary reduction of fluid intake