Hypervolemia & Hypovolemia

What can lead to decreased output to cause hypervolemia ?

Renal failure & endocrine imbalances such as excessive production of ADH or aldosterone

ascites

accumulation of abdominal fluid

What can cause excessive aldosterone

adrenal tumor, congestive heart failure and liver disease

What causes hypovolemia ?

decreased intake and increased output

what are the signs and symptoms of Hypovolemia

decreased plasma and decreased interstitial

What does decreased interstitial causes

decreased skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, sunken eyeballs, weight loss, and increased body temperature because hypothalamus is affected by decreased water volume

Hypovolemia

depletion of extracellular fluid; not enough water in the extracellular fluid

What does excessive interstitial causes

edema, general weight gain, increased skin turgor, ascites may develop with abdominal pain, and difficulty in breathing

What is Hypervolemia ?

excess extracellular fluid; too much water in extracellular fluid

What can lead to increased intake to cause hypervolemia?

excessive administration of intravenous fluid (IV) and psychotic drinking episodes

What causes increased output to lead to hypovolemia

excessive perspiration, drainage from burns or abscesses, diarrhea, vomiting, hemorrhaging, diabetes insipidus

What are the signs and symptoms of hypervolemia ?

excessive plasma & excessive interstitial

What does decreased plasma causes

increased hematocrit, higher % of proteins in blood, lowered blood pressure, decreased filtration pressure in nephron causing reduced urinary output, and collapsed superficial veins

What causes hypervolemia ?

increased intake & decreased output

What does excessive plasma causes

lowered hematocrit, lower % of proteins in blood, elevated blood pressure, jugular veins distended (neck), circulatory overload

What causes decreased intake to lead to hypovolemia

voluntary or involuntary reduction of fluid intake