Interpersonal comm final exam

In the ________ stage of family development, children learn to be less dependent on their families, which is essential to becoming a healthy adult.

​encouraging independence

Online communication provides a context for effectively monitoring our interactions with others.

True

An example of physiological noise is:

fatigue

Paralanguage is communicated through all of these EXCEPT:

hand gestures

What type of culture has great respect for authority and there is a great difference in the power held by the people and the ordinary citizen?

high-power

According to Albert Ellis, debilitating feelings are often caused by:

​irrational beliefs.

According to the perceptual view of emotions, what occurs second?

​perception of event

Every utterance contains either content meaning or relationship meaning.

False

Reflected appraisal and direct definitions are important in shaping our self-concept in childhood, but do not affect us in adulthood.

False

​The majority of our interactions involve I-It communication.

False

What is one difference between virtual and face-to-face friendships?

Virtual friendships are less personal.

In Bruno's car, he has many bumper stickers and several souvenirs from all the road trips that he has made in that car. What are Bruno's personal items examples of?

artifacts

​Love would be placed in which level of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

belonging

​To build a lasting relationship with someone, we need something more durable than passion, we need ________.

commitment

​As the meeting stretches to three hours, Julie starts to experience a listening obstacle that involves fatigue, hunger, and having trouble summoning the energy needed to listen closely. This is an example of:

lack of effort.

​Couple counselor Aaron Beck (1988) reports that overly general language distorts how partners think about a relationship.

true

Listening—or trying to listen—takes up at least ________ of most people's waking time.

​1/2

Which kind of love is practical love?

​pragma

When communicating with a person with a disability, all of the following are generally accepted guidelines EXCEPT:

​provide assistance without asking.

The most basic form of confirmation in interpersonal communication is:

​recognizing another person exists.

After the first few married years, most couples experience a dip in marital satisfaction:

​regardless of whether or not they have children.

Some couples have a rule that prohibits the adults from arguing in front of their children. This requirement is a(n) ________ rule.

​regulative

​The author of your text argues that:

​self-esteem needs are influenced by individuals' interpersonal communication skills.

Mr. and Mrs. Miller are a highly autonomous couple. Mr. and Mrs. Miller give each other plenty of room and they share less emotionally than the other marital types. The Millers would be best categorized as which of Fitzpatrick's marital types?

​separates

Charles says, "I would never join a fraternity. All fraternities do is party." Charles' statement is an example of a(n):

​stereotype

​It is impossible to avoid communicating when we are with others.

True

According to ____________, cultures differ greatly in their attitudes about things they are unsure of.

Uncertainty Avoidance Theory

Devin is surprised when his friend burps and belches after their dinner together. Devin says, "Burping and belching is so rude." Devin's perception of his friend's behavior is based on a(n) ________ rule.

constitutive

Desi and Consuela are arguing about how to spend the tax refund they received. He says they should get the car fixed; she says they should first go on a vacation; he then suggests they fix the car and use any money left to vacation; she suggests they sell the car and be rid of the problem. Desi and Consuela are engaging in which pattern of unproductive conflict?

counterproposals

According to equity theory, people become dissatisfied with relationships if the scales of equality tip in one direction or another for any amount of time.

false

As our symbols become increasingly abstract, the potential for confusion decreases.

false

Direct definitions, self-fulfilling prophecies, attachment styles, and identity scripts are all ways that the generalized other influences our self-concept.

false

When expressing emotions, it is best to be as general as possible.

false

​It is nearly impossible to tell if someone is pseudo-listening because they rarely give themselves away.

false

Randy says, "I am really bummed out about not getting any job offers." His roommate, Lance, responds, "Sounds as if you're feeling pretty low about the response so far." Lance's communication is an example of:

paraphrasing

Women are more likely than men to sustain ties with friends who live at a distance.

true

Which of the following is NOT a constitutive rule of communication?

​Business emails must be answered within 24 hours.

Conflict is more than just having differences.

true

Couple satisfaction seems especially affected by equity in housework and childcare.

true

Diverse cultural backgrounds may create misunderstandings that strain friendships.

true

In a game called "blemish", one person pretends to complimentary but actually puts the other person down.

true

In friendships, it is best to let go of minor irritations.

true

In order to avoid the fundamental attribution error, it is best to look for possible external causes for another person's failures and possible internal causes for your own failures.

true

Individualist cultures tend to assign each member more personal space.

true

Intimacy is abiding affection and warm feelings for another person.

true

Investments are what we put into relationships that we could not retrieve if the relationship were to end.

true

It is common to feel multiple emotions at the same time.

true

Marriage is occurring later in life now than it used to.

true

Misunderstandings between friends arise out of our interpretations of others' behaviors, not the behaviors themselves.

true

Nonverbal behaviors are generally more influential than verbal communication in establishing the relational level of meaning.

true

Nonverbal communication is arbitrary, ambiguous, and abstract.

true

Perception is an active process.

true

Pragma love types are more likely to use online matching services to specify their criteria for a desirable mate.

true

Prototypes, personal constructs, stereotypes, and scripts are cognitive schemata that we use to organize our perceptions of people and phenomena.

true

Repetition, mnemonics, and regrouping are all ways to help us remember what we hear.

true

Research has shown that forgiveness is a major influence on how or whether relationships progress.

true

Sexual orientation doesn't seem to be a major influence on how people see and deal with conflict.

true

Since American culture emphasizes technology and speed, most Americans expect things to happen very quickly.

true

The attachment style an infant develops can change over the course of life.

true

The counterpoint to neutrality is:

empathy

The three primary styles of love are:

eros, storge, and ludos.

Feeling rules define the emotional meaning of situations.

false

In many Eastern cultures, silence indicates:

thoughtfulness

The personal objects we use to announce our identities and heritage and to personalize our environments are known as:

artifacts

If you place a great emphasis on personal relationships or oral agreements, you are likely from a _____________ culture.

high-context

In ________ cultures, members are responsible for themselves and perhaps their immediate family.

individualistic

​Self-actualization is the need that humans generally try to address first.

False

Emotional intelligence is the ability to listen supportively when other people share their feelings.

false

It is best to address conflict right away, even if one person is tired or you're in a public setting.

false

Lack of conflict is the biggest indicator of a healthy relationship.

false

Men and boys are more likely to use social media as a venue for self-development.

false

Which type of nonlistening actually involves listening very carefully to a message?

ambushing

Tabitha wants some time alone because she feels a need to get in touch with herself as an individual. However, her partner wants them to spend as much time together as possible. The tension in this example illustrates the ________ relational dialectic.

autonomy/connection

Lawrence is having trouble listening effectively in his advanced philosophy course. Usually, he listens well in class, but the professor, in this case, presents such complicated ideas that Lawrence has difficulty following and retaining the lectures. Lawrence is experiencing a listening obstacle known as:

message complexity

​During a student speech, the campus landscapers begin mowing the lawn, making the student's presentation difficult to hear. The audience is experiencing ________, one of several listening obstacles.

noise

Which type of communication involves openness to other points of view?

provisionalism

Assuming an attentive posture, holding eye contact, and nodding to show you understand what another person is saying are nonverbal behaviors that convey which dimension of relational-level meanings?

responsiveness

A low-context culture prefers ____________.

rules that are spelled out.

A small self-disclosure is one way to indicate that you'd like to become friends with an acquaintance.

true

All facets of our identities, such as race, ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic class, interact.

true

Americans have historically seen raising children as a primary objective of marriage, but it is no longer seen as the only goal of marriage.

true

Beginning in the late 1700s or early 1800s, most people in the United States picked mates based on love and companionship.

true

Commitment is a decision to remain in a relationship rather than a feeling

true

Commitment is the determination to stay together despite trouble, disappointments, sporadic restlessness, and lulls in passion.

true

All of the following are included in the five principles of interpersonal conflict EXCEPT:

​Conflict is typically destructive for individuals and relationships.

Reciprocity of self-disclosures is more important after a relationship has become established than it is in the early days of the relationship.

false

Researchers found that people who are highly anxious about attachments are less likely to have relationship problems in collectivist cultures.

false

Scripts are so useful in guiding us through many of our interactions that it is okay to accept them uncritically.

false

The meanings we assign to behavior in romantic relationships are entirely individualistic.

false

The self-serving bias is found in all cultures around the world.

false

The speech communities of men and women are socialized to the same styles of listening.

false

Unlike other relationships, dual perspective is unimportant in communication between friends.

false

When communicating about safe sex with a romantic partner, it is sufficient to ask the person if they have an STD.

false

According to ___________, if anything can go wrong, it will.

Murphy's Law

What involves controlling the outward expression of emotion?

surface acting

Gerda is really upset and she feels like throwing a temper tantrum, even though she's twenty years old. Disregarding the social inappropriateness of her behavior, Gerda beats a door and then kicks it while in a public area. In this instance, Gerda's behavior was motivated by which aspect of herself? ​

I

To take responsibility for your own feelings, rely on ________ language.

I

Jenema is walking in a mall and a homeless person approaches her and asks for money. Jenema keeps walking without speaking to or looking at the person. The relationship between Jenema and the homeless person is:

I-It

One indication that a friendship is in the nascent stage is that participants:

​work out private rules for interacting

Men are more likely than women to use nonverbal behaviors to express how they feel.

false

Most adults have the same level of cognitive complexity.

false

Most psychologists believe that the basic identify scripts for our lives are formed during our teenage years.

false

People rarely cooperate in helping one another maintain face.

false

Kandoor has a hard time pronouncing some English words, because his first language is so different from English. Kandoor is having some problems with:

​paralanguage.

Today, as our society struggles with changes in women, men, and families, the ideals of manhood are being revised yet again.

true

My boss Susan is a great supervisor because she listens to her employee's concerns and ideas. Susan is an example of a(n):

​prototype

All of these statements give good advice for communicating in families EXCEPT:

​Focus on the small issues and let the big ones go.

________states that people apply economic principles to evaluate their relationships.

​Social exchange theory

Which of the following is NOT a regulative rule of interpersonal communication?

​Speaking is a way to show you care about issues.

What does it mean for language to be ambiguous?

​The meanings of words are not clear-cut.

Which statement provides good advice for listening supportively to someone who is sharing emotions?

​Use paraphrasing to show that you understand how the other person feels.

​A key foundation for improving your self-concept is:

​accepting the self as in process and able to change.

Listening skills need to be modified according to the goals, situations, and people to whom we are listening. Using different listening skills when listening for information and for relationship listening is known as:

​adapting listening appropriately.

The nature and dynamics of friendships change throughout life. All of the following statements are supported by research about these dynamics EXCEPT:

​adolescent females tend to define their friends as groups of people.

Qualities that set committed romantic relationships apart from other close relationships include:

​assumed permanence.

"I really know a lot more about this than you do, so you should listen to me." This comment is an example of communication that:

​claims superiority of the speaker.

"Stop bothering me!" and "I feel we should work as a team" are examples of:

​counterfeit emotional language.

​When communicating online, it is a good idea to use ________ to communicate nonverbal information.

​emoticons

​The concept of emotional intelligence was first introduced by:

​Daniel Goleman

As after taking cooking lessons, Thelma bakes a cake for her friend Louise's birthday. When Louise sees the cake, she says, "Wow, that's so sweet. My mom always made a special cake for my birthday, and she would decorate it so elaborately." Thelma angrily replies, "Well I'm sorry that I didn't decorate the cake extravagantly. I guess I still have a lot to learn about cooking." Thelma's response illustrates:

​defensive listening.

​Which of the following is a personal construct?

​how a friend measures up on the dimension of intelligent-unintelligent

In the ________ phase of romantic relationship deterioration, relational partners may begin to consider alternatives to the relationship.

​intrapsychic

The clearest indication that a friendship is in the waning stage is:

​less quality and quantity of communication.

All of the following are conflict management skills EXCEPT:

​looking for points of disagreement.

Janet believes that nobody can win when conflict erupts. From her perspective, everyone is hurt by conflicts. Janet's orientation to conflict is best described as:

​lose-lose.

All of the following are forms of confirming communication EXCEPT:

​strategy.