Interpersonal Communication and Perception
Changing identity scripts
Difficult, formed in childhood
Punctuation in language
Example: Demand-withdraw pattern
Psychological noise
Example: Feelings
Semantic noise
Example: Foreign words
Physiological noise
Example: Hunger
Physical noise
Example: Loud music
Institutions
Example: Schools teaching us that knowledge matters
Media
Example: TV, social media, newspapers
Culturalized values
Example: Teamwork and cooperation over individual success and competition
Dynamics
One of the four dimensions of the transactional model of communication
Feedback
One of the four dimensions of the transactional model of communication
Message
One of the four dimensions of the transactional model of communication
Noise
One of the four dimensions of the transactional model of communication
Johari's Window
Open area, blind area, hidden area, unknown area
Physical stage
One of the five stages of Maslow's Hierarchy
Safety stage
One of the five stages of Maslow's Hierarchy
Self-actualization stage
One of the five stages of Maslow's Hierarchy
Guidelines for improving interpersonal communication
1. Develop a range of skills 2. Adapt communication appropriately 3. Engage in dual perspective 4. Monitor your communication 5. Commit to ethical communication
Guidelines for improving perception and communication
1. Be aware of your own biases 2. Seek additional information 3. Avoid jumping to conclusions 4. Practice empathy 5. Be open-minded 6. Be mindful of nonverbal cues 7. Practice active listening
Guidelines for enriching the self
1. Develop a positive self-concept 2. Develop a strong sense of identity 3. Develop a sense of self-worth 4. Develop a sense of self-efficacy 5. Develop a sense of self-esteem
Steps in the process of perception
1. Selecting 2. Organizing 3. Interpreting
Eight principles of IPC
1. We cannot NOT communicate 2. Interpersonal communication is irreversible 3. Interpersonal communication involves ethical choices 4. People construct meanings in interpersonal communication 5. Meta communication affects meanings 6. Interpersonal communication develops and sustains relationships 7. Interpersonal communication is not a Panacea 8. Interpersonal communication effectiveness can be learned
Secure attachment style
40%-50% of children raised with
Self-esteem stage
One of the five stages of Maslow's Hierarchy
Components of an I language message
Arbitrary, ambiguous, abstract
Inference
Assuming something to be true based on perception
Self-serving bias
Attributing positive actions to ourselves and negative actions to others
Modifying attachment style
Challenging self-perceptions, forming relationships that foster secure connections
Personal construct
Clearest or most representative example of some category
Script
Cognitive schema
Martin Buber
Credited with the (I-it, I-you, I-thou) theory
Ways we learn culture
Culturalized values, institutions, media
Fundamental attribution error
Cutting colleagues or friends less slack for their mistakes
Utilizing blind and unknown areas of Johari's Window
Expanding experiences, learning how others see us
Maslow's Hierarchy
Helpful in understanding ourselves and others in communication
Most common form of IPC
I-You communication
Totalizing
Labeling someone as one singular thing
Identity management
Maintaining face
Communication on Social Media
Meeting human needs, but lacking awareness of context, situations, and emotions
Anxious and ambivalent attachment style
Most harmful for children, caregiver(s) loving sometimes but dismissive other times
Absences in IPC
N/A
Speech communities
Norms of communication, gendered speech communities differ
Fact
Objective truth
Belonging stage
One of the five stages of Maslow's Hierarchy
Stereotype
Positive or negative cognitive schema
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Positive or negative outcomes
I-Thou communication
Recognizing and understanding an individual, opening up with trust
I-You communication
Recognizing others, but not fully engaging
Risks of self-disclosure
Rejection, use of information against you
Indexing
Reminding us that we and others are not fixed, static human beings
Identity scripts
Rules for identity and living
Constitutive rules
Specify how to interpret and perform different kinds of communication
Regulative rules
Specify where, when, and with whom to talk about certain things
Prototype
Stick to which we measure others
I-It communication
Treating others like objects
Police detecting liars
Truth includes 20%-30% more detail
Dual Perspective
Understanding both our own and another person's perspective
Direct definitions and social appraisal on social media
Yes
Monitoring communication on social media
Yes
