Interview and Interrogation Final Exam Study guide
Which of the following is a way to avoid the abstraction in the statement "I've got to be a better student"?
"I'm going to spend two hours a day studying."
Which of the following is an example of falling for the fallacy of causation?
"People at parties make me nervous."
You meet a friend at the supermarket and ask how he is doing. He replies, "I'm OK for the most part, just stressed with all these finals." Which of the following is the best helping paraphrase response?
"So, you're stressed, huh?"
Which is the best helping paraphrase response to the following statement? "My boss keeps kidding me about how we should have an affair. I don't know what to do. Sometimes I think he's just joking, and sometimes I think it's a real proposition."
"You sound worried and confused because you're not sure if he's coming on to you or not."
Imagine you've been listening for some time to a friend talk about whether or not to drop out of school. Which is the best helping paraphrase response?
"You're confused because there are as many reasons to stay as there are to leave, right?"
Statements that basically cancel the thought that precedes them are
"but"statements
Research has shown that competent communicators achieve effectiveness by
. adjusting their behaviors to the person and situation.
An interpersonal relationship differs from an impersonal one because
1) we share our thoughts and feelings with each other, 2) the other person's life affects ours 3) we are sad when the relationship changes or ends 4) we find the time spent in the relationship rewarding.
According to the textbook, social scientists have concluded that most people can only sustain about _______ relationships.
150
Along with channel preferences, age also shapes what topics people discuss when using mediated communication. According to the "Facebook" study, which of the following is correct?
30- to 65-year-olds post often about family. Typical terms include "daughter/ son," "pray/prayer," "friends," and "country."
Edward T. Hall defines social distance as
4 feet to 12 feet
The design and environment of rooms: communicate information about the owner's personality shape the interaction communicate information about the owner's interests
All of these choices are correct.
All of the following are parts of the procedure for dealing with debilitative feelings except which one?
Analyze your motives.
Harper listens carefully to her instructor as he discusses the upcoming exam since she hopes to get an A. What step in the listening process this example illustrates?
Attending
All of the following are true about appearance research except which one?
Attractive faces in online profiles are seen as more attractive when accompanied by unattractive or average faces.
Molly makes an excuse not to attend a party she knows Jack is invited to. She's most likely in which stage with Jack?
Avoiding
All of the following are examples of social comparison except? A: being judged for a test based on other student's grades B: thinking over how you have added muscle mass in the last four months C: deciding to go on a diet after looking in a magazine D: judging your fitness level on others at the gym E: all of the above are correct
B: thinking how you have added muscle mass in the last four months
All of the following are true about similarity research except which one?
Communication ability is more important to relational happiness than being similar.
Skillful, integrated communicators are characterized by A. a conscious focus on communicating effectively. B. a greater degree of sociability. C. communicating competently without needing to think constantly about how to behave. D. exposure to a wide range of communication styles. E. others helping them out
D
__________________occurs when communicators express themselves with minimal caution and self-monitoring
Disinhibition
According to the textbook, clothing conveys which of the following types of messages to others?
Economic background, Educational level, Level of success, and Trustworthiness
"Those interviewers made me so nervous". This statement is an example of which fallacy?
Fallacy of causation
A perfectly worded "I" message delivered with total sincerity will ensure that the other person will not get defensive
False
True of False: According to the textbook, effective communicators are able to establish warm relationships with everyone they encounter.
False
True or False: "No" is so clear and short that it is one of the few words that is never misinterpreted in any intercultural exchange
False
True or False: A good listener will always state her own judgment of the situation so the other person knows where she stands on the issue.
False
True or False: According to research, most listeners retain 70 percent of a message for several weeks.
False
True or False: According to the textbook, electronic communication is a replacement for face-to-face interaction.
False
True or False: According to the textbook, the most helpful way of responding to a problem is to offer good, specific advice.
False
True or False: According to your textbook, most people usually try their best to listen but their effectiveness is limited primarily by biological factors.
False
True or False: According to your textbook, the self-concept can influence our future behavior. *Not clear in the book
False
True or False: Advice given in a respectful, caring way is always the best listening response to use when approached with another's problem.
False
True or False: After years of research, it has been concluded that names have little effect on how others think of us and the way we act.
False
True or False: All appropriate self-disclosure leads to liking.
False
True or False: All relationships begin, progress, decline, and end in the same linear fashion based on Knapp's developmental stages.
False
True or False: Because prompting involves using silences, it is not classified as a listening response.
False
True or False: Communication competence is a trait that people either possess or lack.
False
True or False: Counterfeit questions are aimed at understanding others.
False
True or False: Deception studies have found that deceivers are more likely to be found out when they don't feel very strongly about the information being hidden.
False
True or False: Dialectical tensions arise when a relationship is new and tend to disappear after the first two years.
False
True or False: Differentiation in relationships is always negative, since it is part of the "coming apart" process.
False
True or False: Hearing occurs when the brain reconstructs electrochemical impulses into a representation of the original sound and then gives them meaning.
False
True or False: Immediacy only occurs through nonverbal behavior such as eye contact and facial expressions.
False
True or False: In social transactions, the higher status person is generally the more rigid, tense-appearing one, whereas the one with lower status is usually more relaxed.
False
True or False: Just as judges instruct juries to disregard some statements made in court, we can reverse or erase the effects of communication interactions in everyday life.
False
True or False: Liking or loving is a better predictor of relational satisfaction than respect.
False
True or False: Men discuss with other men the same conversation topics that women discuss with other women.
False
True or False: Mindless listening is never suggested because it shows lack of concern for the speaker.
False
True or False: Not expressing regret can be more important in repairing a relational transgression than saying "I'm sorry."
False
True or False: One study found that the two least forgivable offenses of dating partners were sexual infidelity and unjustified suspicion
False
True or False: One type of communication that helps maintain relationships is evaluation.
False
True or False: Patterns of eye contact are fairly consistent across cultures.
False
True or False: People will always respect and like you more if you go out of your way to please them.
False
True or False: Research reveals that the use of manipulators is always a sign of discomfort.
False
True or False: Research suggests that most people remember about 60 percent of what they hear immediately after hearing it.
False
True or False: Selection is an objective process
False
True or False: Since all judging listening responses are negative, we should avoid them at all cost.
False
True or False: Some couples never experience distance in their relationship. (not clear in book)
False
True or False: Some people fail to communicate their emotions clearly because they understate or downplay them.
False
True or False: Speaking is an active process; listening is a passive activity.
False
True or False: Swearing has no useful role in the workplace.
False
True or False: The intensifying stage is the time when individuals give up some characteristics of their old selves and develop shared identities.
False
True or False: The move from initiating to experimenting occurs at the same pace for both those communicating in cyberspace and face-to-face.
False
True or False: The only benefit of forgiving a transgression is that the relationship might be repaired.
False
True or False: Transgressions are always intentional.
False
True or False: True empathy requires that you agree with the other person's opinions.
False
True or False: We are influenced more by subtle stimuli rather than obvious ones.
False
True or False: When sharing your feelings, it's not necessary to accept responsibility for them because so often others cause them
False
True or False: When you are paraphrasing, you need to repeat what the speaker has said word for word.
False
True or False: While listening is an important factor in making relationships work, it is still less important than speaking.
False
True or False: You should do more paraphrasing than any other type of listening.
False
True or False: You should rotate your styles of listening after one or two responses so that you don't become bored by any one style
False
True or False: You should rotate your styles of listening after one or two responses so that you don't become bored by any one style.
False
True or False: Your textbook suggests that to feel better you should first talk about how you feel and then act on that feeling.
False
True or False: Identity management occurs only in face-to-face interactions
False, Identity management can be done on social networks as well
True or False: The sensory data we receive are the same for all of us; perceptual differences occur only after we begin to process those data.
False, Sensory data received is different for each person as well as perceptual differences
True or False: The U.S. is a high-context language culture.
False, The U.S. is generally considered a low-context culture
True or False: "I'm rather upset" is more powerful language than "I'm upset."
False, adding rather makes the language seem less powerful
True or False: Mindless listening is never suggested because it shows lack of concern for the speaker.
False, helpful towards potentially valuable type of communication because it frees us to focus our minds on messages that require our careful attention
True or False: Suppressing your emotions is never appropriate or constructive.
False, it called Emotion Labor and it describes that it is sometimes appropriate
True or False: Advice given in a respectful, caring way is always the best listening response to use when approached with another's problem.
False, it is not always best
True or False: Research suggests that most people remember about 60 percent of what they hear immediately after hearing it.
False, it's 50%
True or False: While culture has a great deal to do with our perception, it is understood that a person's mood and tolerance to stress do not.
False, mood and tolerance does have an effect on our perspective
True or False: Compared with face-to-face interaction, online communication tends to limit the control we have over managing impressions.
False, online communication helps us limit our impressions
True or False: You shouldn't listen to the "boosters" and "busters" others give you, since your self-concept is only your view of yourself.
False, our self concept is influenced by how others view us
True or False: Position Four in the Pillow Method takes the perspective that the original issue should still be seen as very important.
False, position 4 says that "this issue isn't important"
True or False: The person you believe yourself to be in moments of honesty is called the presenting self.
False, presenting self is he image a person presents to others. The description listed is the perceived self
Shared understanding and clarity are the most important goals in achieving successful communication.
False, successful communication does not always involve shared understanding and often clarity is scarified
True or False: Communication scholars use the term "cooperation" to describe the way conversation operates when everyone involved uses the same set of pragmatic rules.
False, the term is "coordination"
True or False: The transactional model represents communication as static—more like a gallery of still photographs than a motion
False, the transactional model describes that the persons involved are senders and receivers simultaneously. The model described if the linear model.
True or False: Low-level abstract language can lead to blanket judgments and stereotyping.
False, this describes higher-level abstract language
True or False: After using the "Pillow Method", you should typically conclude that the issue being considered is not important enough to worry about.
False, this describes the 4th position out of 5 in the pillow method
True or False: Hearing occurs when the brain reconstructs electrochemical impulses into a representation of the original sound and then gives them meaning.
False, this is the definition of listening
True or False: When we experience mixed emotions, we generally communicate only one feeling—usually the most positive one.
False, we usually communicate the most negative one
True or False: It's possible to avoid stereotyping by being constantly mindful of characteristics, other than those that are obvious, of the group to which you assign someone.
False: decategorize others, and treat them as individuals instead of assuming that they possess the same characteristics as every other member of the group to which you assign them
Arturo's supervisor asked him to generate a PowerPoint presentation for the Thursday team meeting. On Thursday, Arturo showed up without the presentation. Which element of the listening process did Arturo's listening fail?
Hearing, Attending, Understanding, and Remembering
__________________is an accelerated discussion of personal topics and relational development beyond what normally happens in face-to-face interaction.
Hyperpersonal communication
Which of the following is a better way of expressing emotion in the statement "You're making me nervous"
I feel nervous when you drive over the speed limit
Judith and Natalie work for the same employer and often have lunch together to talk about their current romances, problems with their families, and apartment headaches. Most Saturday afternoons they play tennis together. Which relationship stage do they seem to be in?
Intensifying
What's missing from this perception check? "I figure you're either upset with me or worried about your test. Is it something like that?"
It doesn't describe behavior
"Sure it's unfair. But you shouldn't let that stop you. Life is unfair, so you're crazy to let it bother you." This statement is an example of _________.
Judging
__________________describes messages that are stark from a lack of nonverbal information.
Leanness
______________ set of civil behaviors that apply to social media.
Netiquette
Paralanguage
Nonlinguistic means of vocal expression: rate, pitch, tone, and so on.
______________ is a discreet way of monitoring the social activities of unknowing targets through social computing spaces.
Online surveillance
Omid and Micayla have an agreement that he will call to tell her when he will be late from work so she won't worry. When he forgets, Micayla is upset because of what type of transgression?
Relational
__________________describes the abundance of nonverbal cues that add clarity to a verbal message.
Richness
Which of the following is most clearly an example of qualitatively interpersonal communication?
Royce asks his friend Jane about her sick child
__________________is the condition when communicators are all connected in real time.
Synchronicity
According to the textbook, what is the most ubiquitous tool for staying in touch?
Text messaging
Which of the following does not typically occur in the intensifying stage of interpersonal relationships?
The parties begin to take on an identity as a social unit.
Which of the following is true of debilitative feelings?
They often last a long time, They keep you from functioning effectively, They are intense, and They are a product of your beliefs.
True or False: A paraphrase that contains both thoughts and feelings can be a useful tool to help others because it allows the problem holder to unload concerns.
True
True or False: A person can be "too competent." We are generally attracted to those who are talented yet have visible flaws like us.
True
True or False: According to Chapter Nine, we are usually attracted to people who are similar to us
True
True or False: According to cognitive psychologists, it is not events that cause people to feel bad, but rather the beliefs they hold about the events.
True
True or False: According to the textbook, digital natives love texting while digital immigrants prefer e-messages and phone conversations.
True
True or False: According to the textbook, people can learn more about how other people feel by observing the way they position themselves rather than what they say. People usually get more emotional meaning from what others do than from what they say
True
True or False: According to the textbook, perception checking is a tool for helping you understand others accurately instead of assuming that your first interpretation is correct.
True
True or False: According to your textbook, the world appears different to each of us..
True
True or False: According to your textbook, we are more attracted to people who are good at what they do but also have visible flaws.
True
True or False: Accurate analysis on the interpretation of a speaker's message may arouse defensiveness.
True
True or False: Affiliation can be seen in online communities by increased uses of "we."
True
True or False: Affinity is defined as the degree to which people like or appreciate one another.
True
True or False: An older professor who forgets what it was like to be a student when he teaches is an example of how differing environments in the classroom can make understanding difficult.
True
True or False: Analyzing can be one way to help a speaker consider alternative meanings.
True
True or False: Anger can be either a facilitative or debilitative emotion.
True
True or False: Attraction to others is greatest when we perceive we are similar to them in a high percentage of important areas, like goals and beliefs.
True
True or False: Dialectical tensions exist in relationships when two incompatible forces or pressures exist at the same time.
True
True or False: During careful listening, your heart rate will quicken and your body temperature will rise.
True
True or False: Emotive words are words that sound as if they're describing something, but are really announcing the speaker's attitude toward it.
True
True or False: Equivocal words are words that can be interpreted in more than one way.
True
True or False: Even if you give accurate advice to a person, that advice may not be helpful.
True
True or False: Factual information paraphrasing focuses on the ideas a speaker has expressed.
True
True or False: Generally, facing someone directly signals your interest in that person.
True
True or False: Identical foods can actually taste different to various individuals.
True
True or False: In many instances, the use of touch increases liking and boosts compliance.
True
True or False: In our perceptions, we cling more strongly to first impressions, even when they are wrong.
True
True or False: Insulated listeners respond only to the parts of your remarks that interest them.
True
True or False: Interruptions are one characteristic of stage-hogging.
True
True or False: It is impossible to like someone without being immediate with them.
True
True or False: It is possible for a business partnership to move to a bonding stage.
True
True or False: It's impossible to listen effectively all of the time.
True
True or False: It's simply impossible to be aware of everything, no matter how attentive we may be.
True
True or False: Language can shape our perceptions of the world
True
True or False: Many nonverbal behaviors are governed by cultural rules.
True
True or False: Members of collectivistic cultures discourage expression of any negative emotions that might upset relationships among people in their "in-group."
True
True or False: Metacommunication is communication about communication.
True
True or False: Of the many different elements in the listening process, hearing is the physiological dimension.
True
True or False: People who think highly of themselves are likely to think highly of others too.
True
True or False: Prompting is a more passive listening style than advising. (not clear)
True
True or False: Pupil dilation can be a sign of deception.
True
True or False: Questioning and paraphrasing are both forms of feedback.
True
True or False: Research shows that transgressors who have been forgiven are less likely to repeat their offenses than those who have not received forgiveness.
True
True or False: Research suggests that the most effective conversations about forgiveness contain two elements—an explicit statement of your thoughts or feelings, and a discussion of the implications of the transgression and the future of the relationship.
True
True or False: Researchers have found that college students who can pinpoint the negative emotions they experience, such as anger, also have the best strategies for managing their emotions.
True
True or False: Selective listening is a reasonable thing to do when screening commercials and keeping an ear out for the weather report.
True
True or False: Sensory data can be different to different people
True
True or False: Silence is valued over talk in most Asian cultures.
True
True or False: Since paraphrasing may not always be accurate, expressing a restatement tentatively allows the other person to make a correction.
True
True or False: Since stimuli that are intense often attract our attention, we're more likely to remember extremely talkative people than those who are quiet.
True
True or False: Social isolation and depression are problems that can result from the inability to constructively talk about emotions.
True
True or False: Some studies show that we are born with many of our personality traits.
True
True or False: Speakers of expressive and elaborate languages, such as Arabic, probably do not value silence as much as speakers with a more succinct style.
True
True or False: Stereotyping occurs when generalizations lose touch with reality.
True
True or False: Studies show that good listeners keep eye contact and react with appropriate facial expressions.
True
True or False: The United States is known internationally as a "culture of cheerfulness."
True
True or False: The ability to speak and listen effectively can mean the difference between succeeding and failing in a job.
True
True or False: The fallacy of causation is based on the irrational belief that emotions are caused by others rather than by one's own self-talk.
True
True or False: The initiating stage of interpersonal relationships is usually brief.
True
True or False: The majority of communicators are reluctant to downgrade a favorable image of themselves.
True
True or False: The self-concept is extremely resistant to change
True
True or False: The textbook argues that an ailment may have a strong impact on how you relate to others.
True
True or False: The transactional model of communication suggests that communicators usually send and receive messages simultaneously.
True
True or False: The two key ingredients in successful self-disclosure are reciprocity and timing.
True
True or False: There is no single "best" listening style to use in all situations.
True
True or False: Verbal metacommunication is a necessary ingredient in successful relationships.
True
True or False: We disclose more to people in interpersonal relationships than in impersonal ones.
True
True or False: We spend more time listening than in any other type of communication.
True
True or False: When people communicate, they are often both senders and receivers of messages at the same time.
True
True or False: Whereas affinity involves liking, respect involves esteem.
True
True or False: Whereas hearing is a physiological process, attending is a psychological one.
True
True or False: Whether you are happy or unhappy with a partner, it will affect how you interpret his behavior.
True
True or False: Women use more indirect and elaborate ways of talking than men do.
True
True or False: You have read positive reviews of your Chemistry instructor on a website. According to the textbook, you are more likely to find this instructor credible and attractive.
True
True or False: Mindless listening can be potentially valuable
True (it frees us to focus our minds on messages that require our careful attention.)
True or False: Turning words into numbers helps make them more concrete and specific.
True, used in the medical profession
__________________the degree to which online information is controllable by the person being described
Warranting value
Which best describes the relationship between our rate of hearing speech and the average rate of speaking?
We can listen 4-6 times faster than an average person speaks.
The self-serving bias perceptual tendency relates best to which of these statements?
We judge ourselves more charitably than others.
Which perceptual tendency is illustrated in the following example? Leah was trying to be helpful when she told Eric he should wear pants that make him look less fat. However, when Eric told Leah she should lay off the makeup because it makes her look "old," she perceived his comment as hurtful and mean.
We judge ourselves more charitably than others.
Which of the following is not true about deception detection?
We underestimate our abilities to detect others' lies.
The "Looking at Diversity" reading about the ways Zuni and Anglo cultures deal with emotion expression indicates that
Zunis emphasize listening over talking.
Someone who is a "significant other" is:
a person whose opinion we especially value
Arturo's supervisor asked him to generate a PowerPoint presentation for the Thursday team meeting. On Thursday, Arturo showed up without the presentation. Which element of the listening process did Arturo's listening fail?
a. Hearing b. Attending c. Understanding d. Remembering
According to your textbook, the process of getting to know others by gaining more information about them is called ____________.
a. initiating b. approach behavior c. networking d. uncertainty reduction
Which of the strategies for managing dialectical tensions are most effective, according to research?
a. integration c. recalibration d. reaffirmation
The benefit of forgiveness is ____________.
a. less emotional distress b. less aggression c. improvement of cardiovascular functioning d. restoration of the damaged relationship
One example of relational transgression is ____________.
a. unfaithfulness b. verbal hostility c. rage d. criticism in front of others
Best advice for expressing emotions?
accept responsibility for your own feelings
According to the textbook, advice is...
actually unhelpful at least as often as it is helpful
According to your textbook, advice is
actually unhelpful at least as often as it is helpful.
"Have you ever thought about just giving her what she wants?" Is an example of _____________.
advising
"Have you ever thought about just giving her what she wants?" is an example of ________.
advising
"The best thing for you to do is break up with him." is an example of ________.
advising
"You ought to give it a try. You've got nothing to lose." is an example of ______.
advising
The best thing you can do is break up with him is an example of:
advising
The degree to which the partners in an interpersonal relationship like or appreciate one another is called ____________.
affinity
"We" language: a. may accomplish the goals of "I" language and sound less egotistical b. should be avoided when expressing personal feelings and thoughts c. can signal closeness and cohesiveness with others d. can offend another person in some circumstances e. all of the above
all of the above
An example of presenting self is
all of the above
Which is an example of "noise"? tapping a pencil headache feelings of anger preoccupation all of the above
all of the above
Of the following statements, which is not a characteristic of powerful speech? It can help candidates in job interviews, it often results in a favorable impression, it is always preferred over less powerful forms of speech, or it gets different results in different cultures (or all of the above are characteristics of powerful speech)
all of the above are characteristics of powerful speech
"I feel like quitting school" is an example of
an emotionally counterfeit statement.
self-fulfilling prophecy
an expectation that causes you to act in ways that make that expectation come true.
"He's doing that because he doesn't think you'll care" is an example of ______________.
analyzing
"He's doing that because he doesn't think you'll care." is an example of _________.
analyzing
"I think that the reason you're so confused is that you're trying to make everyone else happy and forgetting your own happiness." This statement is an example of ________.
analyzing
The term that refers to men and women possessing a mixture of traits that have previously been considered exclusively masculine or feminine is
androgynous
All of the following perceptual factors influence the way we interpret behavior except which one?
androgynous style
When you think it is not just desirable but vital to get the acceptance of virtually every person, you are falling for the fallacy of
approval
Research described in this chapter found that when subjects were coached to behave in ways associated with a certain emotion, the subjects responded
as if they themselves were having these feelings.
You figure your friend's smile means she is happy. This description best describes which of the following terms?
attribution error
You think that when your coworker uses profanity it's due to a flaw in her character, but when you use profanity it's because the situation demands it. This description best describes which of the following terms?
attribution error
. The stage where relational partners begin to withdraw from one another to avoid disagreement is __________.
avoiding
The stage where relational partners create physical distance between one another and make excuses to reduce contact is __________.
avoiding
All of the following are schemes by which we classify people except __________.
beliefs
The best predictor of being able to detect and interpret emotional expressions is:
biological sex.
Almost every message has ____________.
both a content and a relational dimension
Equivocal words:
can have more than one meaning
True or False: Studies show that business people believe not only that listening is important but also that they do it well.
cannot find
Arriving early for an appointment is an example of ________.
chronemics
The study of how humans use and structure time is called _______.
chronemics
Mobile devices can have a negative effect during face-to-face discussions related to everything except:
closeness
The tendency to cling to an existing self-concept:
cognitive conservatism
The tendency to seek and attend to information that conforms to an existing self-concept has been labeled:
cognitive conservatism
The ability to manage impressions in different settings and cultures is a feature of:
communication competence.
Which of the following is the least abstract definition of a successful college experience?
completion of the requirements listed on page 24 of the college catalog with a grade point average of 2.0 or higher
Synchronicity is the condition when communicators are all
connected in real time
Agreeing to rules about how often couples will or won't talk and text via cell phones can help to manage which dialectical tension?
connection vs. autonomy
Conflicting desires for both intimacy and mental space or periods of disengagement in an interpersonal relationship lead to the ____________.
connection-autonomy dialectic
You want to let a close friend know how much she/he means to you in a way that is sincere and doesn't embarrass either of you. Following the advice on communication competence in the textbook, you would
consider a variety of alternatives, choosing the one that you think will be most successful under these circumstances.
We notice some stimuli over others in our environment because they are
contrasting or changing
Facilitative feelings
contribute to effective functioning
The authors describe some of the social needs we strive to fulfill by communicating as
control and affection.
Communication researchers call the process of adapting one's speech style to match that of others
convergence
Talking the most, interrupting the other person, and changing the topic most often are all common indicators of ____________.
conversation control
According to your textbook, telling ourselves we "can't" change our self-concept could:
create a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the way some women's voices rise in pitch at the end of a sentence? a. Women who speak this way are perceived as timid and lacking in self-confidence b. Women who speak this way are perceived as cooperative c. Women who speak this way to convey a cooperative tone might be perceived as hesitant d. all of the above
d
In any relationship, the power to determine what will happen in the relationship is a type of relational control called ____________.
decision control
Alex decides what Rafael meant by that frown is an example of:
decoding
Convergent speech patterns
demonstrate affiliation with one another.
The strategy where communicators respond to one end of the dialectical spectrum and ignore the other is ____________.
denial
"Don't worry about it" is an example of what type of "cold comfort" message?
denying others the right to their feelings
When two opposing or incompatible forces exist simultaneously in an interpersonal relationship, the struggle to achieve these opposing goals creates what is called a ____________.
dialectical tension
The story in your textbook about six men from Indostan illustrates __________.
different interpretations depending on point of view
"Why don't you go ahead and visit your friends without me this weekend. I'll stick around and catch up on my studies." This statement typifies which relational stage?
differentiating
The stage where relational partners shift from "we" orientation and use more "me" messages is __________.
differentiating
According to the textbook, all of the following are strategies that couples use to keep their relationships satisfying except ____________.
dividing chores equally
The theory that describes the different ways we listen (mindfully or mindlessly) is called __________.
dual-process theory
. In Chapter Two, sociolinguist Deborah Tannen claims that ____________.
electronic mail can deepen the quality of relationships
You feel sadness when your friend tells you his cat died. This description best describes which of the following terms?
empathy
According to a study of college students and their communication activities, over 20 percent of their communication time was spent
engaging in interpersonal listening
According to a study of college students and their communication activities, over 20 percent of their communication time was spent
engaging in interpersonal listening.
Your friend's religion is different from yours, but you went to the same high school and college
environment
All of the following are physiological factors shaping perception except which one
ethnicity
All of the following are physiological factors shaping perception except which one? Senses, Age/Health, Fatigue, Ethnicity, Hunger
ethnicity
People who have high self-esteem:
expect to be accepted by others
The stage where relational partners attempt to reduce uncertainty and decide if the relationship is worth pursuing is __________.
experimenting
A person behind you in the theater fiddles with a crackling cellophane candy wrapper.
external noise
Fact or Inference? Your Children are disruptive.
fact
Identify the following statement as fact or inference: "Jim wrote me a letter to help me get that job."
fact
"I know he'll be crushed if I don't go out with him" is an example of which fallacy?
fallacy of causation
"You're making me angry." This statement is an example of which fallacy?
fallacy of causation
"You ought to keep in touch more." This statement is an example of which fallacy?
fallacy of shoulds
Being able to pick out your sister's comments from a babble of voices at a party illustrates the organizational principle of __________.
figure-ground organization
Identity and communication are related in that we
gain an idea of who we are from the way others communicate with us.
What is not a suggestion for introverts?
give an introvert suggestions to help come out of their shell
Reference Groups are:
groups against which a person compares him/herself.
If you want to change your self-concept, you should
have realistic expectations and perceptions
In individualistic cultures, a view of the self would involve all of the following except:
high value on tradition.
The communication strategies people use to influence how others view them is the process of:
impression management.
Self-talk
includes identifying an event, your thought, and feeling.
Identify the following as fact or inference: "Why are you mad at me?"
inference
Identify the following statement as fact or inference: "You are trying to hurt me."
inference
A couple might declare themselves "Facebook official" (or FBO) in which stage of relational development?
integrating
The stage where a couple might come up with "our song" is ____________.
integrating
The stage where relational partners begin to share identities and their social circles merge is __________.
integrating
Shima knows her friend Francine is going through a difficult time so she doesn't mind that Francine is particularly quiet at dinner. This is an example of what stage in the perception process?
interpretation
Kevin Schomaker talks about how communicating on the internet is easier to meet people since he.....
is physically disabled
What is missing from this perception check? "When you didn't do the grocery shopping today like you usually do, I figured you weren't feeling good or were mad at me".
it doesn't request clarification
"I can't believe it! He's really a jerk for saying that." is an example of ________.
judging
"Of course you get pushed around. I told you that's what would happen if you don't tell people what you want." is an example of ________.
judging
"That's a terrible idea!" is an example of ______.
judging
Constructive criticism is a kind of listening response that falls into the category termed
judging
The study of body position and motion, such as waving, shaking your head, or pointing with your finger, is called ________.
kinesics
According to Chapter One, what is not a quality needed to communicate successfully?
knowledge and skill
In cultures that stress formality in language,
language use defines social position.
When a speaker uses powerful speech pattern he/she
may undermine relational goals to accomplish short term goals
All of the following are reasons why it's impossible to listen well all the time except:
message importance.
According to your textbook, "ego boosters" and "ego busters" are:
messages from significant others that influence the self-concept positively or negatively.
Whenever we discuss a relationship with another, we are ____________.
metacommunicating
When you give careful and thoughtful attention and responses to the messages you receive you are listening
mindfully
According to your textbook, the first step in minimizing your debilitative emotions is to
monitor your emotional reactions
Psychologist Abraham Maslow suggests that the most basic human needs
must be satisfied before we concern ourselves with other ones.
Virtual Community
online groups that gather around a shared interest
Of the following, what is not a category of relational transgressions?
open vs. private
A research study found that college students use the following relational maintenance strategies most in email
openness and social networks
The recognition of a "figure" as standing out from a "ground" of other stimuli takes place during what phase of the perception process?
organization
When our nonverbal behavior is intentional, ______________.
others recognize it and make interpretations based on it
A strong accent or husky voice is an example of ________
paralanguage
"So you're hoping she'll call, but you're not sure what you'll say if she does?" is an example of ________.
paraphrasing
"So you're upset because Chase didn't pay you back?" is an example of ________.
paraphrasing
When you try to reflect the underlying theme in a statement, you are engaging in
paraphrasing
When you try to reflect the underlying theme in a statement, you are engaging in
paraphrasing.
The kind of person you believe yourself to be is called the:
perceived self
The private self you honestly believe you are:
perceived self
The process of using questioning and paraphrasing messages is a type of
perception checking
The process of using questioning and paraphrasing messages is a type of
perception checking.
When we keep someone "at arm's length" it means we keep them at ________.
personal distance
Bernadette complains to Patrick that the volume on the TV is too loud; Patrick claims he can't hear the TV if he turns it down. What type of perceptual influence does this example illustrate?
physiological
Feelings are
physiological changes, nonverbal reactions, cognitive interpretations, and verbal expression
An empty feeling in the pit of your stomach, tense muscles, and headaches are examples of the emotional component labeled
physiological factors
A female employee may rely on __________ to interpret her older male boss's statement, "You look very nice in that sweater."
pragmatic rules
Giving only the appearance of being attentive is termed
pseudolistening
Your roommate gives the appearance of listening to you, but you can tell from her responses that her mind is elsewhere. You could call her listening style in this instance
pseudolistening
Your roommate gives the appearance of listening to you, but you can tell from her responses that her mind is elsewhere. You could call her listening style in this instance
pseudolistening.
Giving only the appearance of being attentive is termed
psuedolistening
You say that you are always late because your partner is never ready on time; your partner says that he is always late because you spend a lot of time getting ready. This description best describes which of the following terms?
punctuation
Process of judging ourselves by the evaluations of others
reflected appraisal
The process whereby the self-concept develops due to the way we believe others see us is called:
reflected appraisal.
Nodding, looking away, or moving toward the door are nonverbal behaviors that illustrate the nonverbal function of:
regulating.
If you take an "easy" class your friend recommended and find it "hard," you have had semantic problems due to
relative words
The steps in the perception process are __________.
selection, organization, interpretation
Subscribing to the fallacy of catastrophic expectations can lead to:
self-fulfilling prophecies.
When Ernesta realizes during an office meeting that she's interrupted a co-worker twice, she demonstrates the skill of
self-monitoring.
Which does the textbook offer as a guideline for expressing emotions?
share multiple feelings when appropriate
An indicator of deception is ___________
shorter periods of speaking low rate of speech more speech errors higher vocal pitch
. "My roommate ought to be more understanding." This quote is an example of the fallacy of
shoulds
All of the following are ineffective listening styles mentioned in the textbook except
signal listening.
What message can touch communicate?
sociability/politeness, aggression, and friendship and warmth
Research on the benefits and challenges of social media indicates that
some benefits of communicating via social media significantly outweigh the costs.
The stage where partners act in old, familiar ways and no growth occurs is ____________.
stagnating
"Frank is lazy" is an example of which semantic problem
static evaluation
"People from the East Coast are rude." Which of the following is an abstraction problem illustrated by this statement?
stereotyping
Highly abstract language can lead to which of the following problems?
stereotyping, misunderstandings, blanket judgments, and confusion
"I think you're doing a terrific job." is an example of ______.
supporting
"I'm here if you need me" is an example of what type of listening response?
supporting
"Sure it is discouraging now, but it will be over soon, right?" is an example of ______________.
supporting
"Sure it's discouraging now, but it will be over soon, right?" is an example of ________.
supporting
If I say "here the drink bring," I have violated a(n) ________ rule of our language.
syntactic
One of the key differences between marriages that end in separation and those that are restored to their former intimacy is ____________.
the communication that occurs when the partners are unsatisfied
Warranting value is _______________.
the degree to which information is controllable by the person being described.
Syntactic rules of language govern
the grammar of a language
Students who were shown interior home photos accurately identified that the homes communicated information about _________.
the homeowners' politeness, the homeowners' tenseness, the homeowners' artistic interests, family orientations
One study of 195 critical incidents in banking and medical settings showed that a major difference between effective and ineffective listening was
the kind of feedback offered
The residual message is
the part of the message we remember.
The term "self-concept" refers to:
the sum total of a person's beliefs concerning his or her own personal characteristics, intelligence, aptitudes, and social skills
The "amygdala" refers to
the threat alarm system in the brain.
Proxemics is the study of
the way people and animals use space.
One reason people don't express feelings effectively is
they lack awareness of their emotions
"You didn't like that restaurant, did you?" is an example of a question that
traps the speaker
Your textbook tells you that you should
try to recognize your emotions.
Adaptors are __________.
unconscious bodily movements
Some of the characteristics that make relationships more interpersonal than impersonal are
uniqueness, irreplaceability, and interdependence.
Low-context language cultures
value self-expression
Which one cue of face-to-face conversation does a phone message include?
vocal tone
Which best describes the relationship between our rate of hearing and the average rate of speaking?
we can listen 4-6 times faster than an average person speaks
All are causes of inaccurate perception except
we rate ourselves more negatively than others see us
A behavioral description should include
who is involved, circumstances, and specific behaviors
The advantage of paraphrasing is that_______________.
you can help the problem-holder to sort out the problem
