Into to education test 4

______ is an effort to empower teachers that creates teacher committees to share power between the principal and the faculty of a school.

Collaborative decision making

Jenna is a teacher at a local high school. She is sexually harassed on a constant basis by another teacher, Brian, and she eventually files a complaint against Brian and the school. She alleges that the school did not act on her complaints and made no attempt to reprimand Brian. Under the provisions of Title IX, what options does Jenna have?

She can sue Brian for sexual discrimination and recover monetary damages.

In the context of state constitutions' guarantee of an adequate education for all, identify a true statement about the proponents of educational adequacy.

They have a firm legal footing because state constitutions guarantee adequate education for all.

Those who seek educational equity criticize adequacy in the context of education because it is ______.

a feeble word subject to interpretation and compromise

In the context of the influence of commercialization on school-going children, sophisticated marketing techniques create ______.

a thirst for consumption and selfishness

The right to ________ _________ is the right to teach without coercion, censorship, or other restrictive interference.

academic freedom

According to many educators and psychologists, marketing to a nation's children, especially those in school, has ______.

an adverse effect on their health and the quality of their lives

The federal government funds schools through ______, large sums of money given directly to the states with few strings attached.

block grants

______ reduce the obligations, rules, and even competition faced by states when seeking federal dollars.

block grants

A ______ gives local communities the money they need to build better schools and fifteen to twenty years to pay off their debt.

bond

A ______ is a certificate of debt issued by a government guaranteeing payment of the original investment plus interest by a specified future date.

bond

Funds directed by the federal government at specific categories and targeted educational needs are known as ______.

categorical grants

The federal government has used ______ to provide funding for preschool programs for poor children, library construction, acquisition of new technology, educational opportunities for veterans, the training of teachers and administrators, educational reform, lunches for low-income youth, and loans to college students.

categorical grants

The process of merging smaller schools and districts into larger ones is known as ______.

consolidation

A true statement about business and schools is that the most far-reaching initiative in education to emerge in recent years is the growing _____ interest in public schools.

corporate

The unofficial power wielded in schools by parents, vocal individuals, a school secretary, businesses, community, and other groups that are not a part of official school governance is known as ______ power.

covert

The reverse of the process of consolidation is known as ______, which involves creating charter schools operating without central office involvement.

decentralization

While dealing with cases that concern a teacher's right to academic freedom, a court is likely to ______.

decide if the concerned subject matter is appropriate, relevant, and conducive to learning

Many voters see school board members as ______, responsible for implementing the will of the public or being voted out of office if they do not.

delegate representatives

When school board members are chosen by school districts to represent the interests of specific neighborhoods, the members are ______.

delegate representatives

The U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in the San Antonio v. Rodriguez (1973) case was that ______.

education was not a "fundamental right" under the U.S. Constitution

Although liability usually involves physical injury to students because of what a teacher did or failed to do, a new line of litigation, called ______, is concerned with academic damage.

educational malpractice

A business relationship between schools and corporations through which companies offer schools services and products and often have their corporate names used in the schools is known as a(n) ______.

educational partnership

Apart from giving product-related incentives to students, schools also promote specific products by entering ______ with their brands so that no competitive products are sold on those schools' grounds.

exclusive agreements

The unofficial power structure within a school that cannot be identified by the official title, position, or functions of individuals is known as the ______ of schools.

hidden government

Which of the following performs the administrative tasks needed to implement state policy, including licensing teachers, testing student progress, providing information and training to teachers, distributing state and federal funds, seeing that local school systems comply with state laws, and conducting educational research and development?

the state department of education

In the context of improving an underperforming education system, Finnish teachers were ______.

prepared to work with all students with learning disabilities

According to the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in the San Antonio v. Rodriguez (1973) case, which of the following was a legitimate reason to use the property tax system?

preservation of local control over schools

In the agrarian society of colonial times, because wealth was measured by the size of people's farms, colonial towns and districts assessed a(n) ______ tax to raise money for schools.

property

An accurate statement about the exclusion of teachers from policy circles is that teachers and students find themselves victims of ______.

rising educational expectations but limited educational resources

Members of ______ are elected or appointed officials who determine educational policies for school systems.

school boards

What are the types of revenue sources used by states in the U.S. for funding schools? (Check all that apply.)

severance tax estate or gift taxes excise taxes motor vehicle license fees state lotteries

An effort to empower teachers that involves shifting decision making from a central district office to individual schools is known as ______.

site-based management

When the economy takes a downturn, education suffers because ______.

state and local budgets are cut

A feature of Title IX of the Education Amendments is that it ______.

states that victims of sexual harassment are also victims of sexual discrimination

In the context of teachers helping to protect students from commercial manipulation, ______ empowers children to understand and confront the market messages that manipulate them.

teaching media literacy

In the context of educational finance, the significance of the Tenth Amendment is that education is not mentioned in ______.

the constitution as a federal responsibility

The key to the educational success of countries like Finland, Japan, and Singapore is ______.

the trust they put in teachers

In the context of branding of schools, students admit that ______.

they are more likely to remember ads than educational programs

Most school board members view themselves as ______, selected to serve because of their educational expertise and good judgment.

trustee representatives

What are the steps taken by wealthier districts to ensure that their schools are not endangered by funding redistribution plans? (Check all that apply.)

-Online fund-raisers -Cooperative agreements with local business endowments -Parent-teacher Association donations.

What were the decisions of the California Supreme Court in the Serrano v. Priest case in 1971?

-The property tax system violated equal protection of the fundamental right to education. -Education was a fundamental right under the California constitution.

The ______ cases in New Jersey contributed to a new line of litigation focusing on educational outcome (student achievement) rather than financial input (per-pupil expenditures).

Abbott v. Burke

As the testing culture persists, how are schools often ranked?

By their students' standardized test scores.

Identify a true statement about the school curriculum followed in Finland.

Finland has a general national curriculum.

Identify features of teacher education in Finland. (Check all that apply.)

It is a five-year program of study, research, and practice. Teachers receive a master's degree on completion of the program.

______ is a phenomenon used to describe the struggle certain communities face to raise dollars for school revenue but also to use the same limited resources to fund more police officers, hospitals, subways, and other services.

Municipal overburden

Which of the following questions would be considered illegal in a job interview? (Check all that apply.)

Questions about sex and religion. Questions about physical disabilities. Questions about one's marital status.

Following the California Supreme Court's decision in the Serrano v. Priest case in 1971, those states that began taking funds from wealthy districts and redistributed the monies to the poorer districts were known as the ______.

Robin Hood reformers

Jennifer applies for a teaching job at a local high school. During the job interview, the interviewer asks her a lot of questions that are unrelated to the job, such as questions about her marital status and religion. In this scenario, what should Jennifer ideally do?

She should tell the interviewer that it is illegal to ask such questions and that she can sue the interviewer.

The ______ Amendment is the constitutional amendment that establishes that areas not specifically mentioned in the Constitution as federal responsibilities are left to state authority.

Tenth

In the context of educational finance, identify an accurate example of accountability.

The public wanting to see academic progress for their tax dollars.

Identify the standards that are usually used by courts to determine negligence in negligence suits against teachers.

Whether a reasonable person with similar training would act in the same way. Whether or not a teacher could have foreseen the possibility of an injury.

The current emphasis on testing teachers and developing school standards casts a teacher in the role of a technician because he or she ______.

implements other people's goals with the resources other people decide he or she should have