PSB3002 Chapter 9

अब Quizwiz के साथ अपने होमवर्क और परीक्षाओं को एस करें!

Adenosine receptors are blocked by ____which in turn promotes ____

caffeine; wakefulness

Circadian rhythms are

endogenous cycles of activity over the course of a day.

An electro-oculogram is an instrument used in sleep studies to measure

eye movements.

Symptoms of narcolepsy involving REM sleep (such as cataplexy) are effectively treated by drugs that

facilitate both serotonin and catecholamine activity.

The "ticking" of a clock cell within the SCN appears to involve

feedback loops of intracellular protein production.

Neural activity in the suprachiasmatic nuclei tissue from rats is

higher during the day and lower at night.

Insomnia is defined

in relation to a person's particular needs.

A full day of tourist activities at an amusement park would be expected to

increase the amount of time spent that night in slow-wave sleep.

A key source of noradrenergic neurons in the brain is the

locus coeruleus.

Seasonal rhythms are under the control of ____secreted by cells within the ____

melatonin; pineal gland.

The sleep disorder known as ________ can be produced by degeneration of hypocretin neurons in the brain.

narcolepsy

Enforced bed rest for 6 weeks resulted in ___in healthy subjects.

no change in sleep patterns

Narcolepsy is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

nocturnal enuresis.

Sleep stages 1-4 are termed ____, whereas stages 3 -4 are referred to as _____

non-REM sleep; slow-wave sleep.

The increased arousal and sleeplessness produced by amphetamine is related to the release of

norepinephrine.

Hypocretin neurons are more active during ____but are inactive during _____

normal waking ;sleep.

Sleep deprivation in humans results in

perceptual disorders.

Damage to the ventrolateral preoptic area would be expected to

produce insomnia.

The negative effects of aging on sleep quality may reflect a(n)

reduced sensitivity in adenosine receptors due to fewer receptors.

The primary function of slow-wave sleep is to

rest the brain.

The primary function of stage 4 of slow-wave sleep is to

rest the brain.

The sleep pattern of the dolphin is unique in that

sleep and waking occur independently in the two hemispheres.

It is untrue that

sleep patterns are similar in all species.

Somnambulism is synonymous with

sleep walking.

Weight gain is a common outcome for a person suffering from

sleep-related eating disorder.

Another name for sleep stages 3 and 4 is

slow-wave sleep.

Nightmares that are particularly terrifying occur during

stage 4 of slow-wave sleep.

A common cause that elicits an episode of cataplexy is

strong emotions or physical exertion.

REM-ON neurons are located within the _______, whereas REM-OFF neurons are located within the _______.

sublateral dorsal nucleus; ventrolateral PAG

Which of the following do NOT belong together?

REM sleep; EEG synchrony

The predictable changes in blood flow to the male genitals that occur during ________ can be a useful clinical indicator of ________.

REM sleep; impotence

Which of the following is NOT true of sleep?

Sleep is not a behavior.

Which of the following is true of sleeping medications?

Sleeping pills can lead to daytime hangovers.

Narcolepsy is predominantly a problem involving

an attack of sleep during the day.

The symptoms of REM-sleep behavior disorder are exaggerated by administration of

antidepressant drugs.

The theta brain wave pattern is characterized by changes in frequency of electrical activity of

3.5-7.5 Hz.

A single cycle of non-REM through REM sleep lasts about

90 minutes

____neurons play a key role in cerebral activation during alert wakefulness.

Acetlycholine

Damage to the rat SCN would be expected to disrupt circadian rhythms related to

All of the above are correct.

It may be inappropriate to use a sleeping medication to treat insomnia because

All of the above are correct.

Persons suffering from fatal familial insomnia resemble sleep-deprived rats in terms of

All of the above are correct.

Prolonged sleep deprivation in humans results in

All of the above are correct.

The symptom known as ______ is an abnormality of REM sleep.

All of the above are correct.

Wakefulness is promoted by the neurotransmitter substance

All of the above are correct.

Which of the following is true of sleep?

All of the above are correct.

Which of the following is true of human sleep cycles?

As the night goes on, the relative length of REM sleep increases in each successive cycle.

Humans show which pattern of blood flow and mental activity during REM sleep?

Cerebral blood flow is low in the primary visual cortex; Cerebral blood flow is high in the visual association cortex and low in the frontal cortex.

____will occur soon after the appearance of rapid eye movements in the sleep record.

Paradoxical sleep

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of REM sleep?

EGG synchrony

Which of the following treatments in rats would be expected to increase locomotion and to enhance the amount of cortical arousal evident in an EEG record?

Electrical stimulation of the raphe nuclei

____during REM sleep may be controlled by projections from the dorsal pons to the ____

Eye movements ; tectum

________ refers to the vivid dreams that may occur during sleep paralysis.

Hypnagogic hallucination

Which of the following represents a mental state that accompanies slow-wave sleep?

Nightmares

A key symptom of REM-sleep behavior disorder is

a lack of paralysis during REM sleep.

Electrical stimulation of brain neurons that release ____produces cortical arousal.

acetylcholine

Caffeine promotes wakefulness because it is a(n)

adenosine antagonist.

The symptoms of REM-sleep behavior disorder are opposite to those noted in

cataplexy.

Microdialysis studies indicate that the synaptic level of acetylcholine within the ________ is elevated during waking as well as during REM sleep.

cerebral cortex

The various stages of sleep are easily distinguished by

changes in the electrical activity of the brain.

The mood change and cognitive dysfunctions associated with jet-lag and shift work can be reduced by

consumption of melatonin.

The firing rates of noradrenergic cells within the locus coeruleus

decrease during sleep and increase at awakening

The____is an instrument used to record electrical potentials from muscles during sleep.

electromyogram

Adenosine may promote sleep by

suppressing the release of GABA within the VLPA.

The capacity of circuits involving the vlPOA and the locus coeruleus, raphe nuclei, and dorsal pons to show mutual inhibition may result in

the alternation between sleep and waking.

An effective treatment for REM-sleep behavior disorder is the administration of

the drug clonazepam.

The notion that sleep or wakefulness is produced by a substance that circulates within the blood is

unlikely given that the cerebral hemispheres of a dolphin sleep at different times.

A ___is a stimulus that resets an internal biological clock.

zeitgeber


संबंधित स्टडी सेट्स

Test over Mod 1 - 5 (networking)

View Set

Skin Integrity and wound care practice quiz

View Set

Chapter 32.1 - Hitler's Lightning War

View Set

MKT 230 - Exam 3 (Assignment Questions)

View Set

NURS 306 Chapter 12 Postpartum Physiological Assessments and Nursing Care

View Set

PN Lesson 2 Safety and Infection Control

View Set

Answers for Math HW (page.question#)

View Set

CHAPTER 19: STRATEGIC PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT— INVESTMENT CENTERS

View Set

Expectancy and Equity Theories of Motivation

View Set

Chapter 8: Question and Answer Strategy

View Set

Social Learning theory- Bandura - Bobo Doll

View Set