Intro to Psychology Module 1
What are the three main levels of analysis?
biological, psychological, and social-cultural
What did the school of functionalism do?
it explored how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish. James felt that it would be more fruitful to consider the evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings
Psychological
learned fears and other learned expectations; emotional response; cognitive processing and perceptual interpretations.
Biological influences
natural selection of adaptive traits; genetic predispositions responding to environment.
Social Cultural influences
presence of others; cultural, societal, and family expectations; peer and other group influences
What is Basic research
pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.
Psychology
scientific behavior and mental processes; study of individuals life, patterns of learning, life adjustments, and streams of consciousness
What is humanistic psychology
the study of how current environmental influences can nurture or hinder growth potential and the importance of having specific life needs met
What is applied research
Scientific research aimed to solve problems
Who was Mary Whiton Calkin?
She was the first female student admitted to Harvard's Ph.D program, and although she scored higher than all the men on the qualifying exam, she was not allowed to receiver her degree from Harvard. She later became the first female president of the APA
Who was Margaret Floy Washburn
She was the first woman to graduate from Harvard Ph.D program
What were the two early schools of thoughts
Structuralism and Functionalism
What was Freudian Psychology
The branch of psychology that emphasize the ways our unconsciousness thought processes and our emotional responses to childhood experiences affect our behavior.
How did the revolution affect the field of psychology?
The cognitive revolution affected the field of psychology by going back and making legitimate claims on the early interest of the mental process.
What did the two humanistic psychologist do?
The human psychologists drew attention to ways current environmental influences can nurture or limit our growth Potential, and the importance of having our needs for love and acceptance satisfied.
The second group of psychologist in the cognitive revolution did what?
The second group of psychologist of the 1960s pioneered the cognitive revolution, leading back to the fields early interest in the mental process
Who were B.F Skinner and John B. Watson?
The were two behaviorist psychologists who later dismissed introspection and redefined psychology as the "Scientific study of observable behavior."
What was the school of thought, structuralism
They used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind. Titchener engaged people in looking inward, reporting elements of their experiences (Ex. Looking at a rose, listening to a metronome, smelled a scent or tasted a substance. Bradford Titchener and
What do today's psychological science see?
Today's psychological science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture
Who was the one responsible for promoting the school for functionalism? who was is influenced by?
WIlliam James; He was influenced by Darwin's theories and discoveries.
WHo was accredited with the creation of the first psychology lab? Where? What year
WIlliam Wundt; Lepzig University in Germany; 1879
Describe effective study techniques outlined in the textbook.
Distribute Study time, Learn to think critically, Process class information actively, and overlearn
Who were the two students that were with Wundt?
Edward Bradford Titchener and William James
What is psychology's biggest question
Are our human traits present at birth or are they developed
Explain the different between applied and basic research
Basic research is responsible for increasing the knowledge base of science while applied research is used to solve practical problems
What are the two parts of Pychology
Behavior is anything an organism does- any action that we can observe and record (Ex: Yelling, Smirking, Blinking, sweating, talking). Mental Process is internal subjective experience we infer from behavior-sensations, perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs, and feelings
What were the two major forces of psychology in the 1920s
Behaviorism and Freudian Psychology
What is cognitive Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience is the interdisciplinary study of the brain actively linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and mental process.
What is Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology scientifically explores how we perceive, process, and remember information, and even why we get depressed.
What two psychology groups rejected the behaviorist psychology definition in the 1960s?
Humanistic Psychology and Cognitive Psychology
Why did the humanistic and cognitive psychology groups reject the behaviorism and freudian psychology
Humanistic psychologists, Carl rogers and Abraham Maslow found Freudian Psychology and behaviorism to be too limiting.
Define introspection and identify the main weakness of this method.
Introspection is the process of looking inward where they report elements of their experiences. The biggest weakness of introspection is that it is very unreliable because it varies case by case, and needs smart, and verbal human beings.
What is Nature vs. Nurture
It is the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors
What was the end result of this school of thought?
It proved to be unreliable, and required smart, verbal people, and its results varied case by case. As introspection waned, so did Structuralism.
Clinical psychology
A branch of psychology that studies, assess, and treats people with psychological disorders
What is counseling psychology
A branch of psychology that assist people with problems in living and achieving greater well being.