Introduction to nursing (sherpath) WEEK 1 & 2

Which document is best for the nurse to consult to ensure that the standards of right and wrong behavior and decisions are followed for the delivery of quality patient care?

ANA Code of Ethics The ANA Code of Ethics helps guide ethical decision making and practice.

Which nursing action demonstrates accountability?

Accepting responsibility for decisions Taking responsibility for one's decisions refers to accountability.

Which strategy can be utilized by a nurse to ease the transition from student to professional nurse?

Acquiring a mentor New nurses can help ease their transition into practice by acquiring a mentor who can provide guidance during the transition period.

Which organization's definition of nursing includes the autonomous role of nurses?

International Council of Nurses (ICN) The ICN definition discusses the autonomous role of nurses. The ICN also discusses other nursing roles including promoting a safe environment, participating in research, and participating in shaping health policy and education.

Breadth

Is there another point of view that should be taken into consideration?

Significance

Is this the main issue or concern? Which of the facts should get the most attention?

The nurse is discussing with a student the importance of caring for patients to promote health and healing. Principles of which contributor's theory would be part of this discussion?

Jean Watson Jean Watson's Human Caring Theory focuses on caring as central to nursing practice, which promotes growth, health, and healing.

Which theory predicts general health behaviors of an individual?

Rosenstock's Health Belief Model Rosenstock's Health Belief Model is useful in predicting general health behaviors of an individual. It addresses possible reasons a patient may not adhere to the recommended changes in lifestyle.

A patient with stage IV heart failure has an advanced directive requesting no lifesaving measures if cardiorespiratory arrest occurs. The nurse believes there are certain lifesaving steps the patient should still consider. Which statements by the nurse are evidence of the values clarification process?

"Have you thought about the consequences of your decision?" Asking the patient if they have thought about their decision is a cognitive approach to determining whether the patient has thought through all issues and clarified their values. "Why is this choice so important to you?" Asking the patient about the importance of their choice further clarifies their values by determining the importance of their decision.

Which statement may be expressed by a nurse experiencing the recovery phase of Reality Shock?

"I'll start my charting around 1:30 so that I will be finished by the end of my shift." This statement demonstrates that the nurse has begun to understand the new culture of which he or she is member and has learned how to respond appropriately to the demands of the new role.

During which time frame in nursing history did Dorothea Dix organize military hospitals and head the US Sanitary Commission?

19th century Dorothea Dix headed the US Sanitary commission and organized and managed hospital supplies for the wounded during the Civil War, which took place in the 19th century.

Match the educational level with the appropriate average time frame.

2 years Associate's Degree in Nursing (ADN) 3 years Diploma program 4 years Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)

Which scenarios show implicit bias toward patients with disabilities?

A nurse helps a disabled person onto a scale without first asking the person if they want help. Health care providers who assume that a patient is incapable of performing some tasks are asserting their biased opinions of the patient's capabilities. The health care provider examines a patient who uses a wheelchair while the patient is in the wheelchair. Providing care in the wheelchair assumes the patient cannot stand, pivot, and sit on an examination table, potentially limiting care, and it exhibits the health care provider's implicit bias. There is not a ramped entry to the clinic. Failure to provide entry access to all patients suggests a bias against patients with disabilities.

The nurse is caring for a patient who received multiple doses of naloxone after an opioid overdose. After regaining consciousness, the patient is visibly upset and regrets what happened. Which actions would the nurse take?

Allow the patient to share their feelings. Listening is the first step to understanding the context of what has happened to the patient and their beliefs. Let the patient know that the nurse understands what is happening and will work with them to determine the best course of action. Including the patient in determining the plan of care may help calm their fears. This will encourage patient participation and acceptance of care. Work with the patient to determine a plan of care that is consistent with their values and beliefs. Negotiating a treatment that includes the patient's beliefs, values, and concerns will help them maintain the appropriate care method.

The nurse is caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with coronavirus infection. The nurse understands that this is a contagious illness but also understands the need to provide a caring environment. Which behaviors would the nurse use when caring for a patient in isolation?

Allow the patient to verbalize how the infection was transmitted. Listening to the patient exhibits concern, which creates a caring environment and reduces their fears. Create a human-to-human relationship in the face of isolation precautions. Providing a human-to-human approach to care reduces patient-related anxiety and strengthens a caring and compassionate approach. Perform basic daily tasks as needed if complications arise. Delivering basic patient needs, even in a difficult environment, provides a sense of "Doing For" as noted in Swanson's Middle Range Theory of Caring.

Which term describes how nurses engage in selfless acts?

Altruism Engaging in selfless acts is known as altruism. A selfless nurse is altruistic. Selfless acts provide a service to society, which is a defining criterion for a profession.

Which entity publishes and updates the Standards of Nursing Practice focusing on quality care?

American Nurses Association The Standards of Nursing Practice is published and updated by the American Nurses Association to ensure quality care, and it serves as legal criteria for adequate patient care.

A nurse explains all options related to the patient's surgery, reminding the patient the decision is theirs. Which ethical principle is the nurse respecting?

Autonomy By reminding the patient of their right to make their own decision, the nurse is respecting the ethical principle of autonomy.

Which characteristic exemplifies nursing as a profession?

Autonomy in decision making Autonomy in decision making and practice is a criterion (characteristic) of a profession. Nurses are able to make independent decisions within their scope of practice.

Which action is consistent with the purpose of addressing diversity in nursing practice?

Demonstrating cultural competence To respect the diversity of their patients, nurses practice culturally competent care, which means care that is sensitive to the needs of people with varying cultural differences.

Fairness

Are all viewpoints represented? Do I have a bias that needs to be addressed?

Depth

Are there complexities that need to be addressed related to the problem or issue? Does the answer address the complexities?

Clarity

Are you able to elaborate? Can you describe it differently?

Which characteristics are reflective of critical thinkers?

Aware of their personal biases Critical thinkers embody certain characteristics that seek understanding. They are aware of their own limitations and biases that may influence the outcomes. Open-minded The critical thinker is open to the suggestions and ideas of others to seek the best result or outcome. Listen well Critical thinkers must be active listeners and understand the importance of the input of others.

Match the nursing quality with the appropriate nursing practice.

Calming the patient Presence Delivering care on time Consistency Understanding the patient's view Listening Providing information Evidence-based practice

Accuracy

Can it be proven correct? Can it be tested or confirmed?

Precision

Can you be more specific or provide more details? Can you provide further clarification?

In which roles do nurses serve?

Care provider Care provider is a primary function of nurses. In this role, the nurse performs critical thinking to develop a plan of care and perform the necessary psychomotor skills to appropriately care for patients. Educator Educator is a function of nurses. In this role, the nurse explains concepts and facts about health, describes the reason for routine care activities, demonstrates procedures such as self-care activities, reinforces learning or patient behavior, and evaluates the patient's progress in learning. Researcher Researcher is a function of nurses with the primary objective of expanding the base of nursing knowledge and provision of evidence on which to base care.

The National League for Nursing describes four values in nursing. Match the nurse's behavior with the corresponding value.

Caring Giving health-promotion advice Integrity Listening to patients' feelings Diversity Respecting cultural beliefs Excellence Supporting community outreach for older adults

Which nursing roles are inherent roles?

Change agent Change agent is an inherent nursing role. In the role of change agent, the nurse assists patients as well as other health care staff to understand why change is needed. Patient advocate Patient advocate is an inherent nursing role. In the role of patient advocate, the nurse assists in protecting patients' basic human and legal rights.

Which document is best for the nurse to consult when making decisions about nursing practice or conduct?

Code of Ethics for Nurses The ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses guides nurses in their decisions for practice and conduct. This document is the one nurses select because it provides standards about right and wrong behaviors.

Which role describes how nurses function to ensure that members of the health care team work together to accomplish a common goal?

Collaborator When nurses function as collaborators, they work with other members of the health care team toward accomplishing a common goal. In nursing, collaboration occurs with other nurses, physical therapists, respiratory therapists, or other medical professionals to meet the patient's needs.

Which one of Benner's nursing proficiency levels includes being able to begin to see situations more holistically?

Competent Competent nurses are able to see situations more holistically.

Which degrees are considered terminal degrees in nursing?

DNP The Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) is a terminal and practice-focused degree. It has been recommended as preparation-level education for all APRNs and generally takes 2 to 4 years to complete. DNS The Doctor of Nursing Science (DNS/DSN) is a terminal and research-focused degree. Obtaining this degree generally takes 4 to 6 years to complete. PhD The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Nursing is a terminal and research-focused degree. Obtaining this degree generally takes 4 to 6 years to complete. The PhD is the highest level of academic education and prepares the nurse to publish and contribute in other ways to the scholarship of nursing.

Which characteristics are associated with grand theories?

Define a broad perspective for nursing practice Grand theories are broad, global, and not specific. Are the most abstract Grand theories are the most abstract and theoretical. Difficult to test in practice Grand theories are difficult to test in nursing practice but are useful because they often form the basis for development of middle-range theories.

Logic

Does the answer make sense? Is the answer consistent?

The nurse is teaching a patient recently diagnosed with diabetes how to administer insulin injections. Whose theory is the nurse demonstrating?

Dorothea Orem Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory focuses on guiding, teaching, and supporting to promote patients' abilities.

Which characteristic of both the nursing process and the Clinical Judgment Measurement Model refers to changes over time in response to patients' individual needs?

Dynamic The dynamic characteristic of the nursing process refers to how the nursing process changes over time in response to patients' individual needs.

Which concept is included in Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings?

Each being is unique and needs to be looked at as a whole Essential to Martha Rogers' theory is the belief that each being is unique and must be looked at as a whole, which includes his or her environment. She included noninvasive methods to connect the patient with his or her environment including therapeutic touch and guided imagery.

Which actions would the new nurse recognize as self-care behaviors that can ease the transition from a student to a nursing professional?

Engaging in physical activity Physical activity is an important component of practicing positive self-care behaviors during the transition process. Practicing mindfulness Practicing mindfulness is an important component of practicing positive self-care behaviors during the transition process. Eating healthy foods Healthy eating is an important component of practicing positive self-care behaviors during the transition process. Reducing stress Stress reduction activities are important components of practicing positive self-care behaviors during the transition process.

A patient was admitted to the unit considering a termination of pregnancy (TOP) due to severe fetal abnormalities. The nurse understands the patient's concerns, but the nurse's belief system excludes TOP as an option. Which caring behaviors would the nurse implement to ensure the patient's medical needs are met?

Ensure the convergence of values and choices does not affect care. A caring environment ensures a commitment to care regardless of convergences of values and choices. This is a difficult situation for the nurse and the patient; a caring environment is beneficial to both.

A 16-year-old patient who is physically stable and healing is acting withdrawn. At various times during interactions with the patient, the nurse observes the patient sucking his thumb. Which contributor's theory would be beneficial if applied to this patient's care?

Erikson Erikson's Psychosocial Theory of Development and Socialization focuses on age groups and on individuals interacting within their world. This theory can be used to assess whether a person displays social behaviors appropriate for his or her age.

Which non-nursing theory do nurses use to plan care for their patients at different stages in life?

Erikson's Psychosocial Theory of Development and Socialization Nurses use Erikson's theory to assist in planning care for their patients across the life span. It assists in understanding the process of the eight psychosocial developmental stages that people move through as they age.

Which elements are included in the ANA standards of professional performance?

Ethics Ethics is one of the standards of professional performance included in the second part of the Standards of Professional Nursing Practice. Collaboration Collaboration is one of the standards of professional performance included in the second part of the Standards of Professional Nursing Practice. Quality of practice Quality of practice is one of the standards of professional performance included in the second part of the Standards of Professional Nursing Practice. Resource utilization Resource utilization is one of the standards of professional performance included in the second part of the Standards of Professional Nursing Practice.

Which basis of individual belief is the nurse expressing, based on education, to a postoperative patient?

Evidence The nurse provides patient-centered information based on evidence-based education.

Which terms are components of critical thinking as listed in Paul's Critical Thinking Theory?

Experience Experience is knowledge gained over a period of time and is one of the components included in Paul's Theory of Critical Thinking. Reasoning Reasoning is thinking in a logical and sensible way and is one of the components included in Paul's Theory of Critical Thinking. Observation An observation is a statement or comment based on something seen, heard, or noticed and is one of the components included in Paul's Theory of Critical Thinking.

The nurse is concerned that a patient they are treating may have psychological issues that could affect their care. Which type of belief is the nurse expressing?

Experience Experience is something that is seen or heard. It can be related to the nurse's work described in the scenario.

Which actions are considered requirements or core competencies for the APRN?

Expert coaching and guidance Expert coaching and guidance are components of APRN core competencies. Direct clinical practice An APRN provides direct care to patients and has as a core competency of direct clinical practice. Ethical decision making Ethical decision making is included in the set of core competencies required for the specialized role of APRN.

An adolescent comes into the clinic after a single dose of naloxone and is very concerned about being arrested for possession of an opioid without a prescription. Which action would the nurse take to reduce the patient's fears and expand a caring environment?

Explain that the nurse is there to provide care, not judgment. Showing compassion and comportment will reduce the patient's fears and contribute to a caring environment.

The nurse implemented strict infection control procedures for an immunocompromised patient. Whose theory did the nurse apply when caring for this patient?

Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale's concept of the environment was the first nursing theory to focus on illness prevention and infection control through fresh air, pure water, efficient drainage, sanitation, and sunlight. Implementing infection control procedures for this patient would protect the patient and help correct the imbalance between the patient and environment.

Which contemporary nursing role is one of the fastest-growing specialties in the 21st century?

Forensic nurse Forensic nursing is one of the fastest-growing specialties in the 21st century and provides nursing science to public or legal proceedings including traumatic accidents, abuse, and criminal activity.

Which characteristic describes the classification of a practice theory?

Guides nursing care of specific populations Practice theories guide nursing care of specific populations and situations and provide options for theory to bedside practice.

A patient and a family member disagree about the use of alternative medicine. After the family member leaves the room, the patient asks the nurse for advice. Using the values clarification process, which action would the nurse take?

Help the patient make an informed decision about next steps. The best way to approach the values clarification process is to provide the patient with ample information so that they can make an informed choice/decision about how they would like to proceed.

Relevance

How is it related to the issue? How does it influence the problem or concern?

Which values does the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses address?

Improves the ethical environment According to the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses, nurses establish, maintain, and improve the ethical environment of the work setting. Patient advocacy According to the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses, nurses promote and advocate for the safety and rights of their patients. Commitment to others According to the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses, a nurse's primary commitment is to others, meaning patients, families, or communities.

The nurse is caring for a Middle Eastern patient whose cultural beliefs make it difficult to accept direction from a person of a different culture. Using Leininger's Cultural Care Theory, which approach would the nurse take to communicate a plan of care with this patient?

Include the patient in creating the plan of treatment that includes cultural elements of caring. Leininger's model encourages culturally congruent care through cognitively based assistive and supportive decisions tailored to the patient's values and beliefs. Including the patient in creating the treatment plan ensures that it is culturally appropriate.

When caring for patients who may have differing beliefs and values, which essential component of Watson's Theory of Human Caring/Caring Science would the nurse consider?

Integrating the art of caring and the science of healing. Watson believed that caring is transpersonal or goes beyond one's own ego and includes a caritas process, suggesting the altruistic values that instill faith, teach and learn, and are sensitive to others' needs.

A dean in a college of nursing is trying to inspire a faculty member to obtain a terminal degree. Which nursing role does this action represent?

Leader The dean in this scenario is acting as a leader, inspiring and influencing another person to obtain a terminal degree.

Which criteria establish nursing as profession?

Licensure Nursing licensure is mandatory in all states and is a criterion for nursing as a profession. Specialized body of knowledge A profession requires a specialized body of knowledge. Nursing has a well-defined body of theoretical knowledge. Higher education A profession requires higher education. Nursing requires a diploma, associate's degree, or bachelor's degree for entry into practice.

According to Alfaro-LeFevre, which factors can affect a nurse's ability to think critically?

Life experience Learning is best achieved during a hands-on life experience. The more an individual has experienced and learned firsthand, the more apt they will be at critical thinking. Self-confidence Low self-confidence can limit critical thinking, because the thoughts of these individuals are often focused on concern for failure or being wrong instead of developing productive solutions. High self-confidence also has the ability to limit critical thinking, because it can hinder open-mindedness in individuals who often think their ideas and solutions are the best. Moral development Individuals who are fair-minded and not only know the difference between right and wrong but choose to act and make decisions based on the acceptable moral codes of society tend to be better at thinking critically.

Which action would the nurse take first when working with a patient who has a specific set of values and beliefs regarding health care that is different from that of the nurse?

Listen to the patient's beliefs about their health care. Listening to the patient to understand their values and beliefs is the first step in understanding how to deliver the appropriate care to the patient.

The nurse is responsible for caring for patients with cognitive impairment on a gerontology unit. Which practice demonstrates the nurse's provision of a caring environment for this patient population?

Listening and getting to know the patients. Listening to the patients is a compassionate approach to this population

Match the theory or conceptual framework with the theorist who developed it.

Madeline Leininger Cultural Care Theory Martha Rogers Science of Unitary Human Beings Model Rosemarie Rizzo Parse Human Becoming Theory Hildegard Peplau Theory of Interpersonal Relations

Which nursing action demonstrates the concept of autonomy?

Making independent decisions Autonomy involves independent nursing actions in the care of their patients. Each nurse has the ability to autonomously decide on how his or her individual nursing practice will be implemented

A charge nurse is authorized to make changes in the number of staff members who work a shift. Within which nursing role is the charge nurse functioning?

Manager The nurse in this scenario is functioning as manager by efficiently and effectively managing a hospital unit, which includes determining the number of staff members according to patient census.

Which 19th century nurse used her extensive knowledge in tropical medicine to treat patients during the cholera epidemic in the 1850s?

Mary Seacole Mary Seacole contributed to the control of cholera and yellow fever epidemics through her extensive knowledge in tropical medicine.

A nurse must obtain which educational degree prior to obtaining licensure as an advanced practice nurse?

Master of Science in Nursing An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) requires certification and/or advanced licensure and a Master of Science in Nursing, which can take 2 to 4 years to complete.

Match the contribution to nursing with the associated historical period.

Middle Ages Care provided based on sanctity of human life Early Civilization Advanced hygiene and sanitation practices Early 20th Century American Journal of Nursing established Renaissance Period Recruited women for Sisters of Charity

Which examination must an RN student nurse pass for licensure?

NCLEX-RN The NCLEX-RN is the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses, and passing this examination is required for licensure.

The nurse is caring for a young adult patient who confides that they are apt to engage in risky sexual activity because HIV is no longer a problem. Which steps would the nurse take to help the patient understand the significant implications of risky behavior?

NEGOTIATE Reach an agreement on a behavior plan in partnership with the patient. RECOMMEND Ask the patient to consider alternative behaviors. ACKNOWLEDGE Explain to the patient that their thoughts are being heard. EXPLAIN Provide current information about sexually transmitted diseases. LISTEN Consider the patient's knowledge about HIV.

Which roles require preparation with a master's degree in nursing (MSN) but involve indirect or no direct patient care?

Nurse educator The nurse educator holds an MSN degree and has indirect or no direct patient care as a component of the role.

Which group can a nurse join to gain support and encourage high standards within the nursing profession?

Professional organization Professional organizations offer support to its members and encourage high standards within the profession. This is especially important for novice nurses becoming socialized into the profession

According to Benner's Novice to Expert Model, a nurse who interprets nuances and perceives deviations from normal is at which level of clinical nursing practice?

Proficient The nurse who interprets nuances and perceives deviations from normal is at the proficient level of clinical nursing practice according to Benner's model

Which statements relate to the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics?

Provides a statement related to the ethical values, obligations, and duties for the nursing profession The ANA Code of Ethics provides a guide for the ethical conduct of nursing responsibilities and obligations. Serves as the profession's nonnegotiable ethical standard The ANA Code of Ethics outlines nine nonnegotiable provisions for ethical decision making in clinical practice. Expresses nurses' understanding of the commitment to society The ANA Code of Ethics includes provisions addressing nursing's commitment to society including privacy, autonomy, collaboration, environmental and moral obligations, and human rights.

Which description best corresponds to the term clinical judgment?

Requires recalling facts and recognizing patterns seen previously when caring for patients Clinical judgment requires recalling facts, recognizing patterns seen previously when caring for patients, putting facts and observations together, and having the ability to understand and act on the resulting information.

Which roles is the nurse demonstrating when recognizing a problem and collecting data to sufficiently support the need for policy updates?

Researcher When nurses identify a problem and collect data as evidence that the problem exists to make policy changes, they are engaging in research. Change agent When nurses help others understand why change is needed, research problems, and collect data to support the need for change such as a policy update, they are demonstrating the role of change agent.

Which standard of professional performance requires the registered nurse to consider factors that affect practice planning?

Resource utilization The resource utilization standard considers factors related to safety, effectiveness, cost, and impact on practice in the planning and delivery of nursing services.

The nursing student understands that which concepts are tiers in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

Safety This is the second tier of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. A person's safety needs, such as security and safety, are the second most basic need and include physical security, financial security, and social stability. Physiologic This is the first or bottom tier of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Basic physiologic needs are necessary for human survival and health and include air, food, and water. Esteem This is the fourth tier or level of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and includes self-esteem and the need for respect.

Which elements are defined by state nurse practice acts for nurses residing or working in that state?

Scope of practice State nurse practice acts define the scope of practice for each state or jurisdiction within which the nurse resides or works. Legal practice limits State nurse practice acts define the legal limits of nursing practice within that state or jurisdiction.

To help patients make better health care decisions, which attribute do nurses use to understand their own beliefs?

Self-awareness Self-awareness is having knowledge about one's character, feelings, motives, and desires that can assist in helping patients with health care decisions

Which terms are components of the Health Belief Model?

Self-efficacy Self-efficacy is a component of the Health Belief Model that describes the ability to execute a course of action to deal with situations. Perceived severity Perceived severity is a component of the Health Belief Model that describes an individual's perception of the severity of consequences of illness. Perceived barriers Perceived barriers is a component of the Health Belief Model that describes an individual's perception of the barriers preventing one from taking preventive action. Self-awareness Self-awareness is a component of the Health Belief Model that describes an individual's confidence of health/wellness or illness.

A young child was admitted to the emergency department after a bicycle injury. The child is worried about punishment because they were not supposed to be riding their bike. Which methods would the nurse use to create a caring environment using Watson's theory?

Show sensitivity to the child's fears. Showing sensitivity to the child's fears may create a caring environment that increases the child's willingness to communicate and participate in his or her care. Explain treatment procedures. Including the patient by explaining treatment procedures instills a sense of trust and enhances the caring environment. Discuss the accident with the patient. By allowing the patient to talk about the accident, the nurse cultivates the patient's trust and creates a caring environment.

Which action would the nurse take first when caring for an anxious patient with suspected early onset Alzheimer disease?

Sit with the patient and listen to their fears and concerns. Being with the patient and listening demonstrate compassion and help alleviate fear.

A new graduate nurse attending a hospital's orientation session is an example of which process?

Socialization Orientation sessions address the role of nurses at that particular institution or facility. This is an example of the process of socialization for the nurse.

Which behavior illustrates caring behavior rather than codependency when a nurse is providing care for a young homeless individual?

Spending time finding an available homeless shelter in the area. Spending time with a patient and ensuring their welfare illustrates caring behavior.

Match the nursing theory to its major construct.

Suggests that nursing is transcultural Leininger's theory Suggests a holistic approach to caring that promotes healing and wholeness Watson's theory Emphasizes human-to-human relationships Travelbee's theory Builds on phenomenologic studies based on perinatal nursing concepts Swanson's theory

Which concepts are included in Hildegard Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations?

Therapeutic interactions Therapeutic interactions are a concept of Hildegard Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations. Interpersonal roles Interpersonal roles between the nurse and patient are part of Hildegard Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations.

According to Paul and Elder, clinical thinking requires which components?

Thought process According to the Paul and Elder Framework for clinical thinking, thought process, also defined as reasoning, is a required component for critical thinking. Reasoning Reasoning, intellectual standards, and intellectual traits are all required components of the Paul and Elder Framework. Intellectual standards Intellectual standards are a required component of critical thinking and, according to Paul and Elder, must be applied to the elements of reasoning to develop intellectual traits. Intellectual traits According to Paul and Elder, intellectual traits are a required component of critical thinking and are developed after intellectual standards are applied to the elements of reasoning

Match the theory or model with its description.

Three-step process in which individuals encounter the unknown Lewin's Change Theory Skills like conceptualizing and reasoning help guide nursing actions Paul's Critical Thinking Theory Resolution of a developmental stage results in age-appropriate behavior Erikson's Psychosocial Theory Predicts an individual's response to treatment and health behaviors Rosenstock's Health Belief Model

Order the hierarchical approach to providing culturally competent care.

Understand the patient's values and beliefs. Understand your values and beliefs. Explain your perception of the patient's problem. Acknowledge the differences but build similarities. Involve the patient when providing the options. Negotiate a treatment plan that includes patient values and beliefs.

The nurse recognizes that the staff seems apprehensive when discussing a new electronic medical record that will be placed on each unit and will require staff training. Based on Lewin's Change Theory, which stage does the staff apprehension represent?

Unfreeze The first step of Lewin's Change Theory is changing one's mindset and letting go of an old pattern. During this time, staff may be resistant or uninterested in the change.

Which approach best illustrates how a nurse would apply Travelbee's Interpersonal Theory of Nursing when caring for a child who has an upcoming surgery for a radial fracture?

Use a compassionate approach to care. A central component of Travelbee's theory is the need for nursing to return to compassion.

Which methods suggest the nurse is applying their beliefs to patient care?

Use of direct pressure to control bleeding on post angioplasty patients based on previous cases Using an effective method to control bleeding based on previous performance and outcome is an example of direct or experience-related beliefs. Use of stand-and-pivot process to transfer a patient from bed to chair as learned in a nursing course Use of an evidence-based process for patient care is an example of a values approach based on evidence not beliefs. Application of care by listening to the patient while performing a dressing change. Listening to patient's words, comments, and feelings helps nurses with a conscious awareness of the patient's beliefs.

Which caring approach is congruent with Watson's theory?

Using a holistic approach to patient care. Watson espouses moving from a disease-cure model to care of the whole patient, reflecting nursing's role in integrating human caring (art) with healing environments (science).

Which approach would the nurse take to help with their internal conflicts related to the provision of palliative care to a stage IV cancer patient who has decided to discontinue care modalities?

Values clarification The nurse understands there is an internal conflict. Rectifying the conflict requires values clarification - a process that helps clarify and prioritize personal values to make the most appropriate health care decisions. The nurse understands these are his or her values, but the patient's determination must come first.

A nurse is assisting in the care of a woman having in vitro fertilization. The nurse's religious belief system considers natural fertilization to be the appropriate means of conception. Which concept describes what the nurse is experiencing?

Values conflict The nurse's internal values and attachment to religious beliefs are in conflict with providing evidence-based patient care. This situation is a values conflict.

A nurse is caring for a woman who declines medications as she delivers her first child. The nurse supports the use of some medication to assist with the birth. Which concept does this scenario illustrate?

Values conflict Values conflict is when two individuals have different values about one topic, which in this case involves the use of medication during birth.

The nurse is implementing concepts from which theorist when facilitating a patient's independence?

Virginia Henderson Virginia Henderson's theory focuses on helping patients become as independent as possible.

Which major contribution did Hippocrates make toward the evolution of medicine and health care?

Was the first to attribute disease to natural causes rather than supernatural causes and curses of the gods Hippocrates was considered the father of medicine and lived in Greece; he attributed disease to natural causes rather than supernatural causes and curses of the gods.

Match the values clarification concept with the question examples.

What would happen if this choice were implemented?" Choosing Why is this important to you?" Prizing Have you done anything about this yet?" Acting