IO Psychology: Quiz 1

The tendency to believe falsely, after an outcome of an event is actually known, that one would have accurately predicted that outcome is known as a(n) ________ bias. a. hindsight b. anchoring c. confirmation d. self-serving e. impact

a. hindsight

The most important thing a manager can do to raise employee satisfaction is to focus on ________. a. intrinsic parts of the job b. employee productivity c. employee pay d. work hours e. benefits

a. intrinsic parts of the job

Which of the following terms refers to a situation in which a person inaccurately perceives another person and the resulting expectations cause the other person to behave in ways consistent with the original perception? a. self-fulfilling prophecy b. attribution theory c. contrast effect d. bandwagon effect e. confirmation bias

a. self-fulfilling prophecy

Which of the following is an example of an input at an individual level a. values b. motivation c. moods d. perception

a. values

A(n) ________ refers to a discrepancy between the current state of affairs and some desired state. a. decision b. perception c. intuition d. problem e. instinct

d. problem

What is the limitation of reinforcement theory in explaining changes in behavior? a. It does not adequately describe the original behavior. b. It does not recognize the effect of cognitive variables. c. It ignores the effect of rewards and punishments on behavior. d. Most behavior is, in fact, environmentally caused. e. It places too much emphasis on feelings and attitudes.

b. It does not recognize the effect of cognitive variables.

The tendency to seek out information that reaffirms past choices and to discount information that contradicts past judgments is known as a(n) ________ bias. a. omission b. confirmation c. anchoring d. distinction e. impact

b. confirmation

________ variables are variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. a. global b. contingency c. dependent d. non-reactive e. general

b. contingency

An example of an input at an organizational level is ________. a. conflict b. structure c. motivation d. communication e. power

b. structure

The investment of an employee's physical, cognitive, and emotional energies into job performance is called ________. a. self-determination b. management by objectives c. job engagement d. vicarious modeling e. job analysis

c. job engagement

Recent studies show_______. a. money and recognition define career success above all else b. the line between work and non-work is becoming less blurred c. the majority of men and women rank autonomy as the number one indicator of career success d. attaining a balance between personal life and work is a primary career goal e. most employees are achieving a better work-life balance

d. attaining a balance between personal life and work is a primary career goal

Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results in ________. a. organizational dissonance b. attitudinal clarification c. positivity offset d. cognitive dissonance e. affective reactance

d. cognitive dissonance

________ is the degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being. a. Job involvement b. Employee engagement c. Psychological empowerment d. Perceived organizational support e. Organizational commitment

d. perceived organizational support

Which of the following is an example of the affective component of an attitude? a. relying on the information of a company's annual report b. feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing c. believing that one achieved all objectives of a project d. perceiving whistle-blowing as the right thing to do e. deciding to fire an employee because of underperformance

d. perceiving whistle-blowing as the right thing to do

If we consider Maslow's hierarchy of needs in the context of Japan, Greece, and Mexico, where uncertainty-avoidance characteristics are strong, then ________ needs would be on top of the hierarchy. a. self-actualization b. growth c. social d. security e. esteem

d. security