Joints and Ligaments

radial collateral ligament

"his strong, triangular ligament extends from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the anular ligament of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna"

Iliofemoral ligament

Anterior and posterior "This thickened portion of the articular capsule extends from the anterior infe- rior iliac spine of the hip bone to the intertrochanteric line of the femur (Figure 9.14a, b, c). The iliofemoral ligament is said to be the body's strongest ligament and prevents hyperextension

Glenohumeral Joint

Ball and socket joint. Greatest range of motion. Poorly fitting joint so low stability. Stability is provided by the tendons of muscles of rotator cuff. The tendons of these four muscles fuse to the underlying joint capsule on the superior surface. Bursa under each ligament to reduce friction. Most subluxations occur in the inferior direction when the arm is abducted.

Ligament of the femoral head

"A flat, triangular band (primarily a synovial fold) that extends from the fossa of the acetabulum to the fovea capitis of the head of the femur (Figure 9.14d, e), the ligament of the head of the femur usually con- tains a small artery that supplies the head of the femur."

Transverse acetabular ligament

"A strong ligament that crosses over the acetabular notch, the transverse ligament of the acetabulum supports part of the acetabular labrum and is connected with the ligament of the head of the femur and the articular capsule "

Glenoid labrum

"Narrow rim of fibrocartilage around the edge of the glenoid cavity that slightly deepens and enlarges the glenoid cavity "

transverse humeral ligament

"Narrow sheet extending from the greater tubercle to the lesser tubercle of the hu- merus (Figure 9.12a). The ligament functions as a retinaculum (retaining band) to hold the long head of the biceps brachii muscle in the intertubercular groove."

Coracohumeral ligament

"Strong, broad ligament that strengthens the superior part of the articular capsule and extends from the coracoid process of the scapula to the greater tubercle of the humerus"

Stylomandibular ligament

"Thick- ened band that extends from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the inferior and posterior border of the ramus of the mandible. This ligament separates the parotid gland from the submandibular gland and limits movement of the mandible at the TMJ"

Sphenomandibular Ligament

"Thin band that extends inferiorly and anteriorly from the spine of the sphenoid bone to the ramus of the mandible (Figure 9.11b). It does not contribute significantly to the strength of the joint." (Tortora 265)

Articular Capsule (TMJ)

"Thin, fairly loose envelope around the cir- cumference of the joint"

Anular ligament of the radius

"This strong band of connec- tive tissue encircles the head of the radius. The anular liga- ment of the radius holds the head of the radius in the radial notch of the ulna"

Ulnar Collateral ligament

"This thick, triangular ligament extends from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the coronoid process and olecranon of the ulna (Figure 9.13a). Part of the ulnar collateral ligament deepens the socket for the trochlea of the humerus."

Glenohumeral ligaments (3)

"Three thick- enings of the articular capsule over the anterior surface of the joint that extend from the glenoid cavity to the lesser tuber- cle and anatomical neck of the humerus. These ligaments, which are often indistinct or absent and provide only mini- mal strength (Figure 9.12a, b), play a role in joint stabilization when the humerus approaches or exceeds its limits of motion."

Lateral Ligament (TMJ)

"Two short bands on the lateral surface of the articular capsule that extend inferiorly and posteriorly from the inferior border and tubercle of the zygomatic proc- ess of the temporal bone to the lateral and posterior aspect of the neck of the mandible. The lateral ligament is covered by the parotid gland and helps strengthen the joint laterally and prevent displacement of the mandible"

Ischiofemoral Ligament

-posterior "A thickened portion of the articular capsule, the ischiofemoral ligament "extends from the ischial wall bordering the acetabulum to the neck of the femur (Figure 9.14c). This ligament slackens dur- ing adduction and tenses during abduction, and strengthens the articular capsule.

Antero lateral Ligament

New knee joint that runs deep next to Fibular Collateral Ligament

4 Bursae of shoulder

Subacromial Subscapular Subdeltoid Subcoracoid

Pubofemoral Ligament

anterior "This thickened portion of the articular capsule extends from the pubic part of the rim of the acetabulum to the neck of the femur (Fig- ure 9.14a). The pubofemoral ligament prevents overabduc- tion of the femur at the hip joint and strengthens the articular capsule."