Kinesiology 2
List the four properties of muscle tissue
1. contractility 2. irritability 3. extensibility 4. elasticity
muscles are usually named due to all of the following except
A. Nerve
which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between linear and angular motion?
A. angular motion of the joints produces linear motion
which of the following is a true statement regarding stabilizer muscles?
A. are essential in establishing a relatively firm base for the more distal joints to work from when carrying out movements
which of the following is a true statement regarding agonist muscles?
A. causes a joint motion through a specified plane of motion when contracting concentrically
which of the following is not a property of skeletal muscle tissue that allows for force production and movement about joints?
A. constrictability
elbow extension where the triceps applies force to olecranon process in extending the non-supported forearm at the elbow is an example of which type of lever arrangement?
A. first class
which of the following is the law reaction?
A. for every action there is an opposite and equal reaction
which of the following is not true regarding the force arm of a lever?
A. is determined by multiplying the distance from the axis by the force
which of the following factors may enhance stability?
A. lowering the body's center of gravity within the base of support B. moving the body's center of gravity closer to the center of the base of support *both
Which of the following could be done to reduce the amount of force needed to move a lever?
A. move the resistance closer to the axis B. Apply the force further from the axis C. decrease the amount of resistance *all of the above
which of the following definitions is correct?
A. rolling friction is always less than static or kinetic friction B. Static equilibrium is when the body is at rest or completely motionless *both
which of the following is an example of a type of friction?
A. static B. kinetic *both
which of the following statements is true regarding isometric muscle actions?
A. tension is developed within a muscle but joint angles remain constant
which of the following is not among the general factors that positively affect the achievement of balance?
A. the center of gravity falls outside the base of support
which of the following statements is false regarding the proportional relationship between force components and resistance components?
A. the closer the force application is to the axis of rotation the greater the amount of resistance that can be moved
which of the following pairs of variables exhibits an inverse relationship?
A. the force and the force arm B. the resistance and the resistance arm *both
which of the following is not true regarding an eccentric muscle action?
A. typically called a positive type of muscle contraction
Which of the following levers would be best to use to move a specific object if your only objective was slight movement of the object?
B. 2nd class with resistance arm of 10 and force arm of 20
regarding the angle of pull, a muscle would be most effective in moving a joint when its angle of pull is at __________ degrees
B. 84
which of the following is not a shape by which muscles are categorized?
B. Radial
which of the following is Newton's law of inertia?
B. a body in motion tends to remain in motion at the same speed in a straight line unless acted on by a force
which of the following is true regarding concentric muscle contractions?
B. contactions cause movement against gravity or resistance
Which of the following is a type of linear motion?
B. curvilinear motion
which of the types of muscle contraction is usually utilized in causing an objects deceleration?
B. eccentric
which of the following does not describe a way in which machines function?
B. enhances force in an attempt to increase total force needed to overcome a resistance
which of the following is a proprioceptor associated with muscle tissue?
B. golgi tendon organ
which of the following is a possible advantage of a wheel axle mechanical arrangement?
B. increased range of motion
which of the following is not a true statement regarding isokinetic exercise?
B. muscular contraction occurs only through part of the movement
which of the following is the basic functional unit of the nervous system responsible for generating and transmitting nervous impulses?
B. neuron
For two objects in contact with each other which of the following would result in the greatest amount of friction?
B. one object sitting stationary on the other
the subconscious mechanism by which the body is able to regulate posture and movement is _______.
B. proprioception
Which of the following is not an example that results from excessive tissue deformation due to mechanical loading?
B. straightening
which of the following levers would be best to use to move a specific object if your only objective was speed of the object's movement?
C. 3rd class with resistance arm of 20 and force arm of 10
which of the following is the law of acceleration?
C. a change in the acceleration of a body occurs in the same direction as the force that caused it
which of the following is affected by the shape and size of a muscle?
C. ability of a muscle to produce force
which of the following is not true with respect to an isometric muscle contraction?
C. is considered to be a dynamic contraction
which of the following is a true statement regarding synergist muscles?
C. known as guiding muscles
which of the following types of machine is most common in the musculoskeletal system arrangements of the human body?
C. levers
________ occurs when an antagonistic muscle becomes stretched to the point at which it can no longer lengthen and allow movement.
C. passive insufficiency
which of the following is not a classification of neuron type?
C. peripheral
which of the following is true regarding an eccentric muscle action?
C. the force developed by the muscle is less than that of the resistance
the pennate type of muscle fiber arrangement my be classified by the following terms except?
C. tripennate
muscles provide all of the following except?
D. attachment points for other muscles
the point at which all of the body's mass and weight is equally balanced or equally distributed in all directions is the _________
D. center of gravity
which of the following is not true regarding concentric muscle contractions?
D. commonly described as being a negative type of contraction
kinematics is the description of motion and includes consideration of each of the following except?
D. forces
which of the following statements is false regarding forces?
D. relative to the mass of an object
which of the following do not result in the contraction of the muscle fibers in a particular motor unit?
D. sub threshold stimulus
which of the following is not considered to be a law of motion and physical activity?
D. there are three types of motion
which of the following is not a true statement regarding antagonist muscles?
D. these muscles work against agonist muscles by contracting and preventing movement
angular displacement is the change in location of a linearly moving body
false
antagonist muscles are known as primary or prime movers or muscles most involved in a joint action
false
contractility is the ability of muscle to contract and develop tension or internal force in the same direction as a resistive force when stimulated
false
during rapid running movement where inertia is high the center of gravity of the body must be raised in order to maintain balance when stopping or changing direction
false
eccentric muscle actions result form isometric muscle contractions
false
eccentric muscle contractions are referred to as muscle actions instead of a contraction since the muscle is shortening as opposed to lengthening
false
fusiform muscle fiber arrangement results in a circular pattern
false
isokinetic muscle contractions involve a dynamic movement wherein the speed of movement is variable
false
it is not possible for a muscle to cause more than one action in an associated joint
false
levers rotate about an axis of rotation as a result of a force being applied to cause movement in the same direction as the resistance
false
mass is the effect of gravity on the amount of matter in the body
false
minor variations in the point of force application have no effect in determining the effective force of the muscle
false
the more sudden the activation of a myotatic reflex, the less significant the reflexive contraction
false
the resistance arm is the distance between the axis and the point of lever application
false
the shape and arrangement of muscle fibers affect the muscle's ability to relax
false
the synergist muscle of an activity is considered to be the primary mover
false
the term "extensibility" refers to the ability of a muscle to return to its original length following stretching
false
velocity is how fast an object is moving, or the distance an object travels in a specific amount of time
false
assuming that the bat speed and pitched ball velocity were the same, the ball hit with the middle of the bat would travel further that the ball hit with the larger end of the bat
fasle
in a wheel axle mechanical arrangement only the radius of the wheel corresponds to the force arm
fasle
a constant state of motion accurately describes a system when no motion is occurring
true
a football player in a four-point stance has more balance than the same football player in a three-point stance
true
a person riding a bicycle in straight line at 7.5 miles an hour would be more balanced than the same person riding the bicycle 4.8 miles an hour in a straight line
true
all muscle contractions are classified as either isometric or isotonic
true
biomechanics is the study of mechanics related to the functional and anatomical analysis of biological systems
true
dynamics is the study of systems in motion that are subjected to acceleration
true
each muscle in the human body may be innervated by a single nerve or multiple nerves
true
friction is the force that results from the resistance between the surfaces of two objects from moving one moving upon another
true
generally, as a muscle gets longer, its ability to exert force increases
true
in a first class lever arrangement the agonist and antagonist muscle groups may contract simultaneously on either side of a joint axis
true
in order for rotation to occur in objects with a fixed axis an eccentric force must be applied
true
isotonic contractions are described as either concentric or eccentric on basis of whether shortening or lengthening of the muscle occurs
true
joint movement may occur without any muscle contraction
true
linear displacement is the distance that a system moves along a straight line
true
muscles are the main source of force that produce or change movement of a body segment or the entire body
true
overall the human leverage system is built for speed and range of movement at the expense of force generation
true
short force arms and long resistance arms require greater muscular force to produce movement as compared to longer force arms with a long resistance arm
true
skeletal muscles are responsible for movement of the body as a whole and movement within each of the joints of the body
true
some circumstances exist where movement is improved when the body tends to be unbalanced
true
statics is the study of systems that are in a constant state of motion
true
the conscious awareness of the position and movement of the body in space is kinesthesis
true
the mass of an object affects the speed and acceleration of the object during movement
true
the term "action" refers to a specific movement of a joint that occurs as a result form concentric muscle contraction
true
the term "innervation" is used to describe a segment of nervous system and is defined as being responsible for providing a stimulus to muscle fibers within a specific muscle or portion of a muscle
true
the term "isokinetics" describes a type of dynamic exercise that uses concentric and/or eccentric muscle contractions
true
the term intrinsic usually pertains to muscles within or belonging solely to the body part upon which they act
true
there are two major types of fiber arrangements which are parallel and pennate
true
two different muscles may contract simultaneously at a joint and cause a motion that neither would cause if contracting alone
true
when antagonist muscles contract concentrically they perform the opposite joint motion of the agonist muscle
true
