kinesiology ch 9 function of the movement of the hand

digits of the hand are numbered?

1-5, 1 is thumb, then last phylanges are numbered 2, 3, 4, 5

Name three common problems of the hand and wrist. what is the common acronym for Colles fracture (describes what happened).

1. Distal Radius Fracture or Colles' fracture. Usually falling with hand outstretched. FOOSH: Fall On Outstretched Hand. most common UE fracture and more common in postmenopausal women.

Table 9-1, p 258 Gripping a steering wheel movements, DESCRIBE: muscles, and innervations of wrist and hand in following movements: 1. wrist extension 2. wrist ulnar deviation 3. Finger flexion specific joints 4. Thumb flexion specific joints 5. Thumb CMC opposition

1. Wrist extension: muscles ECRL, ECRB, ECU, Nerves: all Radial, Nerve Roots: C6, C7, C8. 2. Wrist Ulnar Deviation: ECU, Nerves: Radial, Nerve Roots: C6, C7, C8. 3. Finger Flexion (nerves) of MCP , PIP, and DIP: FDS (median nerve and C7, C8, T1), FDP (nerves Median and Ulnar and C8, T1), Lumbricals (Median and Ulnar and nerve roots C7, C8). 4. Thumb flexion CMC, MCP, and IP joints: (FPL, FPB), Median Nerve, Nerve Roots: C8, T1. 5. thumb CMC opposition: OP, Median Nerve, C6, C7

MCP, DIP, PIP what do these stand for? measured as flexion and extension

MCP: metacarpophylangeal joints (knuckles), DIP: distal interphylangeal joints, PIP: proximal interphylangeal joints.

Goniometer measurements for a hand injury; where to start?

Measure unaffected side first then affected side.

Individuals can perform independent functional activities with what % of normal wrist ROM.

Most ADL's require 40 degrees of wrist flexion and extension and 40 degrees of composite radial and ulnar deviation

what is the Latin terms for the thumb?

Pollex or pollicis

what (articulations are) is on either side of the finger PIPs? what articulations are on either side of the DIP's of fingers?

Proximal and middle phalanges Middle and distal phalanges

the wrist is also referred to as what joint? what type of joint is it? what movements can happen at the radioulnar joint?

Radiocarpal joint Biaxial or condyloid joint flexion, extension, radial deviation and ulnar deviation or all 4 movements are called circumduction.

CMC, MCP, IP joints of the thumb

The carpal bone at the base of thumb is the TRAPEZIUM, next bone intersection is the CMC (carpometacarpal) joint, the next bone is the first MCP(metacarpophalangeal) joint, IP (interphalangeal) joint.

Name common activities that require wrist flexion? Wrist extension?

Toileting Holding a cell phone to the ear. Pushing up from a chair, using a walker.

extra note: all muscles of the UE are used when a person uses a walker, cane or crutches

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p. 248 goniometer measurements for finger flexion

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what two movements are allowed by the IP of thumb, and PIP, DIP of 2-5 digits?

flexion and extension

see favorites website for hand evaluation

good summaries of CMC, MCP, IP, hand movements, muscles, etc

what does a dynamometer assess, pinch gauge assess? what 3 things need to be considered when assessing?

grip strength, pinch strength. 1. dominant hand use 2. comparison to uninvolved hand 3. normative data

functional position of the hand and wristdo

most effective for strength and precision in activities: wrist slightly extended at 20 degrees, fingers slightly flexed in all their joints, degree of flexion increasing slightly from index to small pinky finger, thumb is in opposition with the MCP joint moderately flexed and IP joint slightly flexed. p. 259

1. Grasp involves what anatomy? 2. grasp aka 3.Power grip definition 4. Most common power grips of the hand? 5. examples cylindrical grip. 6. examples of spherical grip. 7. examples of hook grip

1. all of the hand, including palm and fingers. 2. the power grip 3. Hold an object forcefully while being moved by more proximal joints. 4. cylindrical, spherical and hook grips of hand 5. cylindrical grip holding a hair dryer; a golf club, steering wheel, hammer, all fingers flexed around object in one direction and thumb is flexed opposite direction. 6. Spherical grip with dominant hand while opening a jar lid; all fingers and thumb abducted around the objects with fingers more apart: open jar lid, holding an orange, turning a doorknob. 7. Hook grip fingers flexed around an object in a hook-like manner like holding a briefcase, holding a bucket, holding onto a handle.

Three pinch (precision0 grips) grips; what are they, what activities are commonly being done?

1. lateral or key pinch: turn a key to start a car or unlock a door 2. palmar pinch: holding a pen for writing, using staple remover. Most common. 3. tip or two point pinch: pick up small object like needle, small coin. 4.

1. name the motions of the thumb (at the joints) answers 1-5. 2. what is the base joint of the thumb closest to the wrist? answer#6 3. what type of joint is the thumb? answer #7 4. what are the 3 joints of the thumb called proximal to distal (#8) 5. what joint is the knuckles? (#9) 6. what are the 5 movements at the MCP joints? what digit is the exception? 7. what is the only movement the 3 rd digit can do? (#11) 8. the IP joint of the thumb and PIP/DIP joints can do only two movements; what are they? (#12) 9. what action can the fingers and thumb do together? (#13)

1.flexion (gripping page as turning motion starts) 2. thumb radial abduction (extension) side-to-side motion of the thumb (first motion in turning the page of a book when the thumb is first touching the page, p253) 3. thumb flexion and thumb radial abduction (extension) is the side-to-side movement of the thumb across the palm and out. 4. Palmar abduction and adduction; abd start in anatomical position and bring thumb UP toward the ceiling. adduction is thumb returning to touch the second digit or index finger. E.g., Functional thumb palmar abduction: pick up a glass of water. E.g., Functional thumb adduction is pinching a coin between thumb and PIP of second digit (indicis) 5. Opposition: combination of functional thumb flexion and thumb abduction. Task is writing in a tripod grasp. 6. MCP joint of thumb movements are only extension and flexion. 7. thumb is a hinged uniaxial joint. 8. CMC, MCP and IP joints work together to provide full opposition and reposition. (opposite motions) 9. MCP joints of FINGERS are "knuckles." 10. movements allowed at MCP joints (knuckles) of FINGERS: flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction EXCEPT MIDDLE FINGER. 11. Middle finger or third digit can aBducts in either direction but DOES NOT aDduct. 12. the IP joint of the thumb and the PIP/DIP joints 2-5 are uniaxial hinge joints that ONLY perform Flexion and Extension. 13. joints of fingers and thumb work together to open and close the hand for functional gripping.

what is wrists function in transmitting forces from the forearm to the hand and back to the forearm?

A kinetic function.

What activity mentioned in the occupational example in the chapter uses ulnar AND radial deviation?

Casting a fishing rod Using a hammer

How can wrist ROM best be determined? p. 250 in kinesiology Varies greatly between people and within the same person (right vs. left).

Compare the involved wrist to the uninvolved wrist.

What instrument measures hand or grip strength? What instrument measures pinch strength?

Dynamometer Pinch gauge

what number joint or digit is the thumb? what are the three joints of the thumb? what type of joint is the CMC? what bones form the CMC joint?

one CMC, MCP and IP start proximal and work distal: carpometacarpal joint (CMC) at the base of the carpals thumb side, the metacarpophylangeal joint (MCP), and the interphylangeal joint (IP). CMC is a SADDLE joint; mobility in all directions. CMC joint is formed by TRAPEZIUM bone proximally and the FIRST METACARPAL bone distally.

pinch primarily used for what? what anatomy is involved?

precision manipulation. Also called a precision grip: finer movements and accuracy, object usually small and palm does not tend to be involved. see next card involves thumb and pads of index and long fingers

Trapezium rotated anteriorly out of plane of hand

see photo of last slide.

prehension

the art of grasping or seizing or pinching

which finger is used as a reference point for the other three digits for aBduction and aDduction?

third digit or middle finger

thumb opposition is a combination of what two joint movements? What important tasks performs this movement?

thumb flexion and aBduction. writing.

what is the main person of the other joints of the UE's?p. 251

to put the hand in various positions to complete a vast array of tasks.