Lab 9: Bipedalism
Fossil evidence of bipedalism first appeared in the hominin lineage about ________ million years ago a) 2 b) 4 c) 7 d) 20
7
True or False: Modern humans have an opposable hallux (big toe)
False
Each of the following traits is found in a bipedal hominin except: a) a wide and short pelvis b) a big toe in line with the other toes c) a foramen magnum far back (posterior) on the skull d) an S-shaped vertebral column
a foramen magnum far back on the skull
The human foot is best described as a) big toe is adducted, and there is no longitudinal arch b) big toe is divergent, and there is no longitudinal arch c) big toe is adducted, and there is a longitudinal arch d) big toe is divergent, and there is a longitudinal arch
big toe is adducted, and there is a longitudinal arch
How does the shape of the vertebral column differ between human adults and fetuses? a) human fetal vertebral column is C-shaped, while the human adult vertebral column is S-shaped b) both are C-shaped, but the human adult vertebral column is larger c) both are S-shaped, but the human adult vertebral column is larger d) human fetal vertebral column is S-shaped, while the human adult vertebral column is C-shaped
human fetal vertebral column is C-shaped, while the human adult vertebral column is S-shaped
What angle does the femur form in relation to the knee in hominins? a) 90 degrees b) less than 90 degrees c) more than 90 degrees d) the femur is not part of the knee structure
less than 90 degrees
What limb proportions would you expect to see on a hominin? a) long arms relative to legs b) long legs relative to arms c) long arms and legs relative to trunk d) short arms and legs relative to trunk
long legs relative to arms
___________________ is when different anatomical traits evolve at different times in a lineage a) mosaic evolution b) puzzle evolution c) morphological evolution d) random evolution
mosaic evolution
Modern humans are considered a) quadrupedal b) occasional bipeds c) habitual bipeds d) obligate bipeds
obligate bipeds
Hominins have a _____________ knee a) varus b) valgus c) longitudinal d) divergent
valgus