Lab 9: Bipedalism

Fossil evidence of bipedalism first appeared in the hominin lineage about ________ million years ago a) 2 b) 4 c) 7 d) 20

7

True or False: Modern humans have an opposable hallux (big toe)

False

Each of the following traits is found in a bipedal hominin except: a) a wide and short pelvis b) a big toe in line with the other toes c) a foramen magnum far back (posterior) on the skull d) an S-shaped vertebral column

a foramen magnum far back on the skull

The human foot is best described as a) big toe is adducted, and there is no longitudinal arch b) big toe is divergent, and there is no longitudinal arch c) big toe is adducted, and there is a longitudinal arch d) big toe is divergent, and there is a longitudinal arch

big toe is adducted, and there is a longitudinal arch

How does the shape of the vertebral column differ between human adults and fetuses? a) human fetal vertebral column is C-shaped, while the human adult vertebral column is S-shaped b) both are C-shaped, but the human adult vertebral column is larger c) both are S-shaped, but the human adult vertebral column is larger d) human fetal vertebral column is S-shaped, while the human adult vertebral column is C-shaped

human fetal vertebral column is C-shaped, while the human adult vertebral column is S-shaped

What angle does the femur form in relation to the knee in hominins? a) 90 degrees b) less than 90 degrees c) more than 90 degrees d) the femur is not part of the knee structure

less than 90 degrees

What limb proportions would you expect to see on a hominin? a) long arms relative to legs b) long legs relative to arms c) long arms and legs relative to trunk d) short arms and legs relative to trunk

long legs relative to arms

___________________ is when different anatomical traits evolve at different times in a lineage a) mosaic evolution b) puzzle evolution c) morphological evolution d) random evolution

mosaic evolution

Modern humans are considered a) quadrupedal b) occasional bipeds c) habitual bipeds d) obligate bipeds

obligate bipeds

Hominins have a _____________ knee a) varus b) valgus c) longitudinal d) divergent

valgus