leadership chapter 2
10. Leaders in an advisory role are responsible for developing broad organizational capabilities rather than accomplishing specific business results. a. True b. False
a
2. A few traits typically considered highly important for leadership are optimism, self-confidence, honesty and integrity, and drive. a. True b. False
a
1. The contingency approach to leadership sought to identify the traits leaders possessed that distinguished them from people who were not leaders. a. True b. False
b
17. Which of the following statements is true of drive? a. Leaders with drive tend to be less ambitious. b. Leaders with drive seek achievement and have energy. c. Drive refers to truthfulness and nondeception. d. Drive is the foundation of trust between leaders and followers.
b
12. According to the trait approach to leadership, which of the following is categorized as a social characteristic of leaders? a. Optimism b. Knowledge c. Cooperativeness d. Humility
c
15. People in organizations rise to the top because they: a. refrain from creating hopes that things will turn out well. b. have the ability to identify problems. c. can instill in others a sense of hope for the future. d. are always cautious when interpreting situations.
c
24. Leader support and _____ are the two underlying dimensions of employee-centered leadership behavior. a. goal emphasis b. efficiency achievement c. interaction facilitation d. work facilitation
c
30. Which of the following characteristics was explored by the studies evaluating the characteristics of the leader-member exchange relationship? a. Income b. Educational qualification c. Value agreement d. Recruitment process
c
33. Stage two in the development of the individualized leadership theory explored the _____ in more detail. a. vertical dyad linkage model b. partnership building c. leader-member exchange d. entrepreneurship model
c
45. The _____ leadership role includes people such as project managers, matrix managers, and team leaders in today's more horizontally organized companies.
collaborative
50. _____ refers to initiating a business venture, organizing the necessary resources, and assuming the associated risks and rewards.
entrepreneurship
46. _____, a category of leader behavior, describes the extent to which a leader is task oriented and directs subordinates' work activities toward goal achievement.
initiating structure
42. _____ refers to a person's strong belief that he or she can successfully accomplish a specific task or outcome.
self efficacy
43. A(n) _____ arises from a natural talent that has been supported and reinforced with knowledge and skills.
strength
48. Clarifying job responsibilities is an example of _____ leader behavior.
task oriented
41. _____ are the distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, honesty, self-confidence, and appearance.
traits
63. Which of the following characteristics are important for entrepreneurs? a. Persistence b. Carelessness c. Resistance to change d. Satisfaction with the status quo
a
18. Which of the following statements is true of honesty? a. It refers to high motivation that creates a high effort level by a leader. b. It implies an openness that followers welcome. c. It helps leaders interpret situations in more conservative ways. d. It includes a complete set of skills and characteristics to handle any problem.
b
13. _____ refers to a tendency to see the positive side of things and expect that things will turn out well. a. Integrity b. Honesty c. Drive d. Optimism
d
14. Which of the following statements is true of self-confidence? a. It includes being arrogant and prideful. b. It causes one to become jaded and pessimistic. c. It involves managing competing points of view. d. It includes knowing and trusting in oneself.
d
37. Which of the following statements is true of entrepreneurial leaders? a. They stay away from risks and are unwilling to stretch themselves. b. They refrain from taking up new opportunities. c. They want everything to stay the same. d. They are dissatisfied with the present.
d
61. If Nancy uses employee-centered leadership, which of the following actions is she more likely to perform if a project is behind schedule? a. Support the team's efforts and settle any conflicts that might be a distraction. b. Assign more workers to the task c. Ask the current team members to work longer hours. d. Restructure the task so it is easier to complete on time.
a
62. Which of the following actions occur during the first stage of the development of individualized leadership? a. In-groups and out-groups are created. b. Leaders create a positive exchange with every subordinate. c. Each dyad involves a unique exchange independent of other dyads. d. Leadership is individualized for each subordinate.
a
9. With respect to the three types of leadership roles, leaders in collaborative roles typically don't have the strong position power of the operational role. a. True b. False
a
47. In the context of leadership styles, _____ leaders display a focus on the human needs of their subordinates.
employee centered
20. Which of the following is a characteristic of collaborative leaders? a. They don't have the strong position power of the collaborative role. b. They provide guidance and support to other people and departments in the organization. c. They need high self-confidence and tend to be assertive. d. They are responsible for developing broad organizational capabilities.
a
21. Which of the following is a characteristic of advisory leaders? a. They possess the ability to influence others through communication, knowledge, and personal persuasion. b. They are responsible for accomplishing specific business results rather than developing broad organizational capabilities. c. They lack an exceptionally high level of integrity and honesty. d. They typically do not have the strong position power of the collaborative role.
a
31. Which of the following statements is true of individualized leadership? a. It holds that leadership is a series of dyads or a series of two-person interactions. b. It assumes that a leader adopts a general leadership style that is used with all group members. c. It is based on the notion that leaders should not develop relationships with subordinates. d. It is against the concept of exchange, what each party gives to and receives from the other.
a
38. Which of the following is a characteristic of entrepreneurial leaders? a. They are concerned with innovation and creativity. b. They are unable to focus on long-term results. c. They are unwilling to learn new skills. d. They tend to be dependent on their followers.
a
39. Leaders who are drawn to new opportunities, are action oriented, and are more concerned with innovation, creativity, and creating new processes than with maintaining the status quo are known as: a. entrepreneurial leaders. b. autocratic leaders. c. advisory leaders. d. traditional leaders.
a
5. The myth of a "complete leader" can cause stress and frustration for leaders and followers, as well as damage to the organization. a. True b. False
a
59. Which of the following supervisors demonstrates autocratic behavior? a. Baxter gave a bonus to Marshall for outstanding sales for the quarter. b. Marcella asked her team to determine a reasonable deadline for the project. c. Bernice presented a problem to her team and asked for suggestions. d. Jason joined the group in discussing possible solutions to the client's problem.
a
60. Which of the following supervisors demonstrates consideration? a. Jamal listened carefully when Jessica explained why the customer was unhappy. b. George instructed his team members to call at last three potential new clients every week. c. Samantha assigned part of the project to each team member. d. Bella reprimanded Lilly for her tardiness.
a
11. In the context of the trait approach to leadership, the diversity of traits that effective leaders possess indicates that: a. leadership includes grasping diverse points of view and leaving everybody satisfied. b. leadership ability is not a genetic endowment. c. leadership ability cannot be acquired without a complete set of skills. d. leadership includes being prideful and arrogant.
b
19. Which of the following statements is true of talents? a. Talents include having a complete set of skills and abilities to handle any problem. b. Talents can be turned into strengths by consciously enhancing them. c. Talents are not mere aspects of one's potential. d. Talents arise from natural strengths.
b
23. Which of the following is an example of initiating structure behavior of leaders? a. Showing appreciation b. Directing tasks c. Seeking input from subordinates d. Listening carefully to problems
b
29. Which of the following statements is true of individualized leadership? a. It adopts a general leadership style that is used with all group members. b. It looks at the specific relationship between a leader and each individual follower. c. It holds that leaders have particular traits that distinguish them from non-leaders. d. It conceptualizes leadership as a single great individual who can put everything together and influence others to follow along.
b
34. High-quality leader-member exchange relationships: a. lead to poor job satisfaction in the long run. b. have been found to lead to very positive outcomes for the organization. c. pertain to lesser responsibility and authority in the case of followers. d. support the sharply differentiated in-group and out-group relationships.
b
35. The third phase of research in the development of the individualized leadership theory: a. evaluated characteristics of the leader-member exchange relationship by exploring communication frequency and value agreement. b. focused on whether leaders could develop positive relationships with a large number of followers. c. argues for the importance of the dyad formed by a leader with each member of the group. d. included the awareness of a relationship between a leader and each individual rather than between a leader and a group of followers.
b
6. Talent arises from a strength that has been supported and reinforced with knowledge and skills. a. True b. False
b
7. People excel in life by fixing their weaknesses, not by maximizing their strengths. a. True b. False
b
8. In the operational leadership role, an executive does not have direct control over people and resources to accomplish results. a. True b. False
b
22. Which of the following is an example of consideration behavior of leaders? a. Directing tasks and planning b. Providing explicit schedules for work activities c. Seeking input from subordinates regarding important decisions d. Getting people to work hard and ruling with an iron hand
c
36. In the leader-member exchange research study on individualized leadership, leaders were trained to offer the opportunity for a high-quality relationship to all group members. According to this concept, which of the following is true of followers? a. The followers were treated in a positive or a negative way depending on their individual performances. b. The boon of establishing sharply differentiated in-group and out-group relationships was established. c. The followers who responded to the offer dramatically improved their performance. d. The in-group subordinates got better and the out-group subordinates got worse at their work respectively.
c
16. Which of the following is an important aspect that should be kept in mind by active leaders? a. Uniform thinking should be encouraged among employees. b. Decision making should be avoided if adequate information is not available. c. Setbacks have to be managed with a pessimistic mindset. d. Competing points of view have to be managed, with some people left unsatisfied.
d
25. Which of the following is an underlying dimension of job-centered leadership behavior? a. Leader support b. Interaction facilitation c. Conflict minimization d. Goal emphasis
d
26. According to the Leadership Grid, _____ occurs when primary emphasis is given to people rather than to work outputs. a. team management b. authority-compliance management c. middle-of-the-road management d. country club management
d
27. Which of the following is an example of people-oriented leader behavior? a. Planning use of resources b. Setting performance expectations c. Evaluating performance d. Displaying trust
d
28. Which of the following is an example of task-oriented leader behavior? a. Giving time and encouragement b. Showing acceptance and compassion c. Acknowledging accomplishments d. Checking the progress and quality of work
d
32. Which of the following is a difference between leader behavior toward out-group members and in-group members? a. Leaders assign interesting assignments to out-group subordinates, whereas leaders assign primarily routine jobs to in-group subordinates and monitor their work closely. b. Leaders usually impose their views on out-group subordinates, whereas leaders sometimes defer to in-group subordinates' opinions. c. Leaders give specific directives for how to accomplish tasks and attain goals to in-group subordinates whereas leaders trust out-group subordinates to use their own approaches in solving problems. d. Leaders listen to suggestions and ideas given by in-group subordinates, whereas little interest is shown in comments and suggestions given by out-group subordinates.
d
40. Which of the following statements is true of entrepreneurship? a. Entrepreneurship advocates dependence as the key to effective leadership. b. Leaders with entrepreneurial traits are dependent on others for making decisions. c. Entrepreneurship involves maintaining the status quo for established organizations. d. Leaders with entrepreneurial traits exist within established organizations.
d
49. The _____ view of individualized leadership focuses on the concept of exchange, what each party gives to and receives from the other.
dyadic
44. The _____, a type of leadership role, is the closest to a traditional, vertically oriented management role, where an executive has direct control over people and resources to accomplish results.
operational role
