Lear smart 4.3, 4.4,4.5

Which of the following statements regarding fungal spores are correct?

Spores help the fungus to spread throughout the environment The primary reproductive mode of fungi is spore fromation

The four groups of protozoans are

Sporozoa Ciliophora Sarcodina Mastigophora

Which of the following statements regarding protozoans are correct?

The cell shape of ciliates is fixed, despite lacking a cell wall Protozoans have mitochondria as the site for aerobic respiration

The two functional types of hyphae are

Vegetative hyphae reproductive hyphae

Taxoplasma is classified into the ________ group of protozoans

apicomplexa

The location of the actin filaments responsible for pseudopod formation are located in which position?

at the edged of the cell.

Which of the following is NOT a common mode of helminth transmission to humans

blood-borne

tapeworms are parasitic helminths that are grouped into a subdivision of flatworms called

cestode

_____ are asexual "free" fungal spores that develop by pinching off or by segmentation by hyphae

conidiospores

Identify the common modes of transmission of helminths to humans

contaminated soil infected animals contaminated food/ water insect vectors.

In a helminth infection, the organism where the helminth complete its life cycle, as characterised by adulthood and mating is called the _____ host

definitive

Some fungi are termed _____ because they can exist in a yeast form or can form hyphae

dimorphic

What name is given to the clear outer layer of cytoplasm found in many protozoa?

ectoplasm

The form of the pillow that is transmitted via feral oral route is the _______

egg

In enterobiasis infections, the female pinworm deposits _______ on the patient's anus

eggs

The form of the pinworm that is transmitted via the focal-oral route is the

eggs

The three stages in the life cycle of a helminth are

embryo stage, adult stage, larval stage

The granular inner region of cytoplasms in many protozoa is called

endosplam

Gunnel colonies with a cottony, hairy, or velvet texture are colonies of _______

filamentous fungi

The ______ are a group of heterotrophic organism with cell walls of chitin . Most species grow as multicellular filaments called hyphae?

fungi

Which of the following are macroscopic fungi?

gill fungi mushrooms puffballs

What describes a worm having both male and female organs?

hermaphroditic

Plants are (nearly all) autotrophic but all fungi are ________

heterotrophic

Protozoans are most commonly ________

heterotrophs

These filaments present in fungi are termed _________

hyphae

Mushrooms and puffballs are _______ fungi because they are visible with the naked eye.

macroscopic

Giardia, Leishmania, and Trichomonas are categorised into a grouping of protozoa known as

mastigophotes

Which type of fungi are invisible to the naked eye?

microscopic

Helminth infections in North America are estimated to be in the

million

The filamentous type of fungi are called

moulds

Hyphae form an intertwining mass of ____ that is observable on moody bread?

mycelium

Fungal diseases are called

mycoses

Fungal diseases are called _______

mycoses

Which helminths are roundworms?

nematodes

Septate fungal hyphae are separated into compartments while _______ hyphae are continuous cells.

nonseptate

Which term is used to describe fungal pathogen that actively derives nourishment from the bodies of living animals or plants?

parasitic

Enterobiasis is an infection with which helminth?

pinworm

The genus ______ is the protozoa that causes malaria.

plasmodium

The structure of an amoeba that allows it to move through fluids is termed a

pseudopod

Protozoa can move through fluids by means of ______ "false eel

pseudopods

In pathogenic, helminths, the most developed organs are those of the _____ system.

reproductive

Which are helminths?

roundworms, tapeworms, flukes

Organisms that obtain their nutrients from dead plants or animals in soil or aquatic habitats are termed _________

saprobes

Cross walls, or ______. separate fungal hyphae into segments

septa

The partitions in fungal hyphae are referred to as

septa

Which of the following forms of reproduction leads to the greatest variation in offspring genetics?

sexual

A saclike head on fungi that forms sporangiospores is called a(n) _________

sporangium

Which of the following is a term for the car-like head in certain fungi within which asexual spores produced

sporangium

Two subtype of asexual fungal spores are conidospores and __________

sporanglospores

The primary reproductive mode of fungi is

spore formation

The main mode of reproduction in fungi involves the production of ________

spores

The worm is this image is a ______

trematode

A _____ is the vegetative, free- living form of a protozoal cell

trophozoite

In North America, helminth infections are

very common

Fungi have enzymes that are capable of degrading which three of the following?

wood, feathers, rubber

The two main cell types of microscopic fungi are _______ and hyphae

yeast

Which type of microorganism commonly reproduces by budding?

yeasts

Which of the following is true of the protozoa?

A few are responsible for millions of human infections each year.

Children are disproportionately affected by which worm infection?

Enteroblasis

Most protozoa are multicellular colony dwellers.

False

How does a person become infected with pinworms?

From swallowing the eggs of the worm

Which of the following produce true hyphae?

Fungi

Which of the following statements regarding fungi are correct?

Fungi are responsible for major losses in food crops Fungi are responsible for the production of beer and bread.

Which of the following statements regarding fungi are correct?

Fungi can cause disease in animals that eat infected grain Blue cheese derives its unique flavour from the presence on fungi

Which of the following are ways that fungi can cause medical conditions without establishing infection?

Fungi can trigger allergic reactions Fungi can produce toxins

What are the roles of the vegetative hyphae (mycelia)?

Give rise to structures that produce fungal spores Penetrates substrate to absorb nutrients Responsible for visible growth of fungus

Organs and organ systems are present in which of the following?

Helminths

which of the following terms describes organisms that acquire energy from organic substrates.

Heterotrophs

Which of the following are functions of the protozoan endoplasm?

Location of vacuoles Location of the nucleus

Which of the following statements regarding protozoan life cycles are correct?

Some protozoans have only a trophozoite state Protozoans life cycles can be simplex or complex.

What type of helminth is a pinworm?

Roundworm

Trophozoite formation typically occurs during "good living" conditions for protozoans

True

Match each type of fungal disease in humans with its description

Caused by environmental pathogens in the general population- community acquired Caused by fungal pathogens in clinical settings- hospital associated Caused by low virulance species infecting already weakened individuals- opportunistic

___________ are helminths which have long, ribbon-like shaped segmented bodies.

Cestodes

Which are the major 2 groups of flatworms?

Cestodes and Trematodes

What is the name given to the protective form of protozoans

Cyst

Although many adult helminths can be seen without the use of a microscope, they are included in the study of microbes because they

Produce microscopic eggs and larvae

Which of the following statements regarding protozoan reproduction are correct?

Protozoans often reproduce by mitosis Ciliates are able to transfers genetic material by conjugation

______ form from yeast cells that remain in a chain of attached buds

Pseudohyphae

Cestodes and _____ are flatworms

Trematodes

__________ are helminths that have an oval shaped body which is quite flat

Trematodes

__________, or flatworms, are helminths with an ovoid, flat-shaped body.

Trematodes

Fungi reproduce by means of sexual and asexual spore formation

True

Most protozoa are non-pathogenic, free living inhabitants of water and soil.

True

Some fungi are used to produce useful compounds like antibiotics

True

Spore diversity is an important feature when classifying and identifying fungi

True

The most critical environmental condition for protozoan survival is the availability of moisture.

True