Ling 10 Final

Choose the two words that illustrate hypocorism. (a) comfy (c) smelly

(a) and (c)

which two words are examples of initialisms? (a) ATM and (c) WHO

(a) and (c)

choose the two examples of blending. (e) telethon and (f) velcro

(e) and (f)

Which new sound entered English as a result of borrowing words from French?

/3/

Vocabulary spurt typically occurs at the age of about_____.

1 and a half years

How many prepositions are there in: The young girl didn't know where she was, so she asked a man with a small child if he knew the way to the station?

2

At roughly what age do children begin to incorporate inflectional and functional morphemes in their speech consistently?

2 1/2 years

The word "postman" contains ______.

2 free morphemes

How many conjunctions are there in: Pierre and Marie-claire came home early because they were tired, but Helene stayed out til midnight.

3

How many grammatical genders does German have?

3

How many morpheme are there in the word "terrorists"?

3

How many morphemes are there in the word "retroactive"?

3

How many adverbs are there in: We had a very hard day yesterday, so we really couldn't get up early this morning?

4

The word "rationalism" has _____ morphemes

4

The word "whether" in the sentence "I don't know whether he comes" is ___.

A complementizer

At preverbal stage, infants learn: To listen to other workers Making noise brings responses from other people Turn taking in interaction

All of the above

Parantese refers to the special way that parents or caregivers talk to infants. The following features are observed across languages: Slower speed use of familiar simple words Exaggerated intonation

All of the above

Researches can use the following criteria is decide the first words of babies: Approximation to adult pronunciation Consistent use across similar contexts All of the above None of the above

All of the above

The wug test shows that children __________. Cannot just imitate adult speech Children are create in language learning English learning children by age 3 or 4 have developed some knowledge about the morphological rules.

All of the above

Which process has given rise to the world deli?

Clipping

The syntactic categories of the words in the sentence "The hurricane destroyed his house" are ____. (Det = Determiner, Pron. = Pronoun)

Det N V Pron. N

Interlanguage remains unchanged during SLA process:

False

Human babies begin to coo and babble at around a similar age. This usually happens ______.

From 3 months to 12 months

What is the name for the property of a grammar by which a finite set of rules can produce an infinite number of sentences?

Generative

Which of the following underlined bolded units forms a constituent?

I cannot remember the person to whom I gave the book.

Which derivational element did the writer Ronald Dahl use when he created the word "scrumdidlyumptious (= very delicious)"?

Infix

Which below appears to be crucial for a child to acquire language?

Interaction with language users

English learners of German often produce word order errors, such as Mein Vater hat gekauft ein Buch. 'My father has bought a book.' Such errors may have resulted from____.

Interference of their English grammatical knowledge

Fossilization in SLA refers to ______.

L2 learners stop to many any progress regardless of how much input they receive.

Which of the following sentence contains a prepositonal phrase?

Mary belives in God.

Which rule below is a correct syntactic rule for the formation of a noun phrase (NP) in English?

NP -> Det N

What is the basic structure of: The old dog loved the small boy?

NP VP

The use of 'goed' or 'wented' is an example of:

Overgeneralization

Choose the two words with the fewest affixes

Permanent

Interlanguage refers to_____.

SLA learners' intermediate grammars on their way to target L2

What is the basic word of Japanese?

SOV

What is the most common word order among languages of the world?

SOV or SVO

Second language acquisition (SLA) is best defined as_____.

The acquisition of subsequent languages (more than one) after learning a native language

Which of the following best illustrates the use of derivational rules...

The suffix -ify is added to an adjective like simple to form a verb like simplify

The sentence The magician touched the child with the wand can be interpreted as "The magician used the wand to touch the child" Which syntactic tree below shows this interpretation?

The tree that says "The magician touched the child with the wand"

Parents found to correct children's language errors only occasionally. When they indeed correct these errors, they tend to focus on the following aspect of the child's speech:

The truthfulness of the child's utterance

Child L1 acquisition and L2 acquisition differ in the final state of language acquisition. This is reflected in ______.

The unanimous success of L1 acquisition versus the general failure or great individual variations in L2 adult acquisition

Human babies are ready to interact with other people from birth. Baby-adult interaction is similar to adult-adult interaction in its turn taking rhythm:

True

Which word contains both a prefix and a suffix?

Unforgettable

Which of the following examples show semantic overgeneralization errors in language acquisition?

Use of 'daddy' to refer tp all men

The Japanese is known as verb-final language - e.g. the Japanese equivalent of the Egnlish sentence such as "He ate an apple" is "He apple ate". The structure rule for forming Japanese VP (verb phrase) is____.

VP -> NP V

What is NP -> [Art (Adj) N, Pro, PN]?

a phrase structure rule

The word "peacefully" in the sentence. "He passed away peacefully yesterday" is ____

an adverb

Choose the phrase that could NOT be generated by: NP -> Art (Adj) N?

ancient castles

Which two of these descriptions characterize the audiolingual method? (b) language is a set of habits and (e)practicing oral drills.

b and e

The noun blog is an example of what type of word-formation process?

blending

L1 acquisition and SLA share in common ____.

both learners go through certain developmental stages

Which of the following are affective factors influencing second language learning? (c) motivation and (e) self-consciousness

c and e

The general ability to use language accurately, effectively and flexibly is known as what?

communicative competence

Which process is illustrated by the underlined word in the cost of the project has snowballed?

conversion

Which of the utterance below is most likely to be produced by a child whose speech is at telegraphic speech stage?

daddy jump

At what level of structure are these two sentences the same? (1) the dog chased Jackie. (2) Jackie was chased by the dog.

deep structure

what kind of morpheme is the suffix in "slowly"

derivational morpheme

Neurolinguistics studies show that the brain of the bilingual child and that of the adult who starts to learn a second language after puberty ____.

differ in that adults have activation in two adjacent brain areas when processing both languages

Among the following _____ is a derivational morpheme in English

er in "observer"

Which of these expression is a VP?

got on the train

The word "tallest"

has 1 inflectional morpheme

the word "sisters" ______.

has 2 morphemes

The word "unidirectional"

has 4 morphemes

The 'behaviorists' account (or the 'nurture' theory) for language acquisition process is:

imitation and reinforcement

The following list of words is from Bontoc, a language spoken in the philippines. Exam the words below and tell what affix is added to derive a verb is from its counterpart noun. NOUN/ADJECTIVEVERBS fikas 'strong'fumikas 'to be strong' kilad 'red'kumilad 'to be red' fusul 'enemy' fumusul 'to be an enemy'

infix

How do we describe the type of motivation involved in learning an L2 to achieve a specific career goal?

instrumental

What type of motivation is involved in learning an L2 in order to take part in the social life of a community?

integrative

Which of these words represents a noun phrase?

it

which of the description of the word "undressed" is correct?

it has 1 inflectional morpheme.

Which of these affective factors is beneficial for L2 learning

low anxiety

Which of the string of sounds are likely to occur at the reduplicative babbling stage?

mamamama

A Spanish learner of L2 English who says "Give me the book blue" is showing evidence of what?

negative transfer

After -ing which forms are typically next to appear in a child's speech?

prepositions 'in/on'

which of the morphemes below is a free morpheme?

robot

Among the following, _____ is an inflectional morpheme in English.

s in "bikes "

Sentences like "Green ideas sleep furiously" reveals that_____

that this sentence is grammatical and that a sentence can be grammatical, but does not necessarily have to be semantically feasible.

Which two of these are well-formed English noun phrases?

the rugby player with the broken nose

Which of these words in the sentence below is from a closed class? bob brought how donuts to class.

to

Which of the words below is a POSSIBLE English word (although it is NOT a REAL English word)?

unhate

Identify the adverb in: The sly wizened old woman gave Snow White a very shiny red apple.

very

Which of these words contains an allomorph of the morpheme "past tense"?

waited

Which of the following words contain both an inflectional morpheme and a derivational morpheme?

workers

Examine the sentence below and identify the auxiliary in this sentence: Would you mind stop talking about the movie?

would