LO1: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors
INTRINSIC Sports Injuries related to Poor Posture (5)
- Rounded Shoulders; slumped, slouched - Pelvic Tilt; hips pushed out & lower back tightened - Scoliosis; S or C curve in spine - Kyphosis; shoulders rounded & upper back hunched - Lordosis; lower back curved inwards unnaturally
INTRINSIC Individual Variables (6)
- age; inexperienced, not as agile, think can do as younger - gender; men = higher muscle ratio thus stronger - flexibility levels; thinks more flexible than actually are - sleep; deprived thus more tired = less energy - nutrition; not eaten properly = wrong/inadequate energy - previous injuries; not healed fully
EXTRINSIC Type of Activity (4)
- contact sports; come into bodily contact with another (gymnastics) E.G.: football; tackle viscously, netball; lack of communication, rugby; aggressive tackles, trampolining; falling off & hitting someone, badminton; hitting with racket - extreme sports - type of equipment you use - if you work with apparatus and heights
INTRINSIC Psychological Factors (5)
- motivation; overwork/cheat = pills/unrealistic goals - aggression; harms someone, too hard on body, damaging - arousal levels; unfocused, cause injury - anxiety levels; unfocused, stressed, too nervous to conduct correctly - concentration; too fixated, worth too hard, overuse
EXTRINSIC Environmental Factors (3)
- playing surface/performance area; level, clear, dry - participants/opponents; become overly aggressive/bad tackles - weather; Rain; slippery Snow; cannot move as freely, slippery Fog; low visibility, cannot see other people/things Frost; slippery, affect movement of ball Wind; equipment falls over, ball movement thrown off course, danger to surroundings Hot Temp; over - heat, exhaustion, sunstroke Cold Temp; hypothermia, health risks
INTRINSIC (Poor) Posture & Causes (7)
- poor stance/guilt; bending knees/hunching shoulders - sitting positions; slumping/slouching on sofa not upright - lack of exercise; lack of core strength = lack of support/overweight = strain on posture - fatigue; tired muscles unable to support skeleton properly - emotional factors; low self - esteem/lack of confidence - clothing/footwear; shoes with high heels - physical defects; muscles weakens round injured area
EXTRINSIC Coaching/Supervision (3)
- poor/incorrect coaching techniques; judo fighter falls - ineffective communication skills; shouting on windy day - importance of adhering to rules & regulations; not teaching players high tackle rule in rugby
EXTRINSIC Safety Hazards (3)
- risk assessments; identify & minimize risks, safe to go ahead, plan and prepare - safety checks; checking equipment (racket strings) - emergency action plans; fire assembly point, first aid contact/equipment
INTRINSIC Physical Preparation factors (6)
- warm up; not done properly - cool down; too strenuous - training; inadequate, too much/wrong - overuse; damages further, long term injury - muscle imbalances; both pairs not worked on equally - fitness levels; not high enough for activity
How could these cause injury? 1) Hockey stick 2) Badminton racket 3) Football goal
1) could be splint/break during game cutting player 2) string breaks during game and injure eye 3) rusty, break & fall on goal keeper causing them to get concussion
EXTRINSIC Equipment
PROTECTIVE ( to protect from injury) Football (American) = shin pads & helmet Boxing = gum shield (protect teeth & gums) Hockey = helmet & shin pads Cycling = helmet Swimming = goggles PERFORMANCE (worn in order to play sport) Boxing = gloves Hockey = hockey stick Cricket = cricket ball Rock Climbing = harness CLOTHING & FOOTWEAR (relevant and suitable for playing surface/weather conditions/specific sport and activity; relevant to sport) Rugby = studded shoes; extra grip on grass/boots fastened properly Indoors = indoor trainers; extra cushioning around heel
What is an Extrinsic factor?
Variables that you are unable to control to prevent yo self from injury
What is an Intrinsic factor?
Variables you are able to control to prevent yourself from injury
