Louis XIV/The Fronde/The Stuarts

Who were the gentry?

younger sons of nobles, they were large land owners

What was his motto?

"I am the state"

What did Louis say to Europe when they asked him if he would join forces with Philip of Anjou?

"the Pyrenees will not separate us"

Describe the Roundheads

they were Calvinists, middle class, they cut their hair, and Oliver Cromwell was their leader

What happened to Guy Fawkes and Robert Catesby?

they were choppy-chopped

How were the members of the House of Commons chosen?

they were elected

Describe the Cavaliers

they were upper class and Catholic/Anglican Protestant

What was the purpose of the war?

to determine who would take control of the Spanish throne

Why did Europe form the Grand Alliance?

to go against Louis

What was the purpose of the Dutch War?

to take the Dutch Netherlands

What was the purpose of the War of the League of Augsburg?

to take the Rhineland before Louis

What was the purpose of the war of devolution?

to take the Spanish Netherlands

What did the French army have for the very first time under his command?

uniforms, titles, and ranks

What did the Dutch do to beat the French?

they opened one of their dam and flooded the French

Who was Philip of Anjou?

he was a Bourbon (uh-oh)

What happened to Charles I?

he was accused of treason

What were the 3 steps to eliminate the Huguenots?

conversion, persecution, and she got rid of the Edict of Nantes

What was he not in charge of?

department of war

Who were the burgesses?

doctors and lawyers

How long did the members have to be in that group?

fo' lyfe

Why was the Hampton Court Conference formed?

formed to settle disputes between Puritans and James I

What did he expect Parliament to do?

give him more money

What did he do?

he doubled the amount of income going into France and created the French navy

Who were his 2 regents?

1) Anne of Austria (mother) 2) Mazarin (chief minister)

What were the two phases of the Fronde?

1) Fronde of the Parliament 2) Fronde of the Nobles/Princes

What were his nicknames?

1) Grand Monarch 2) Louis the Great 3) Absolute Monarch 4) Divine Right King 5) Sun King

Reasons why James I was a bad king

1) He was a Scot (English didn't like them) 2) totally ignored Parliament 3) always short of money

Who were his two wives?

1) Marie Therese of Spain 2) Madame de Maintanon

Provisions of the Treaty of Utrecht

1) Philip of Anjou becomes the king of Spain under the name Philip V under the condition that he doesn't join forces w/Louis 2) Great Britain took control of Gebraltar, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland 3) Austria took control of the Spanish Netherlands 4) Brandenburg grows into Prussia

What branches of Calvinism opposed him?

1) Puritans 2) Presbyterians 3) Separatists 4) Congregationalists 5) Independents

What did the Navigation Acts state?

1) all goods coming into England must arrive on English ships 2) all foreign ships transporting goods must have a crew of 1/2 Englishmen

How were the Huguenots persecuted?

1) all marriages between Catholics and Protestants were made null and void 2) Protestant children were taken away to be raised as Catholics 3) all Protestant churches were destroyed 4) soldiers were allowed to enter private homes and take what they wanted

Describe his reign

1) couldn't control the army 2) he left England 3) then he came back under an assumed name (John Clarke)

What were the three uses of Versailles?

1) cultural center 2) place of government 3) a way to keep the nobles under control

Descriptions of Versailles

1) half a mile long 2) contained 700 rooms 3) $120 million to build it 4) in today's money it would cost $2 billion 5) 26,000 workers took 27 years to build it 6) 1/2 of the taxes collected in France were used to maintain it 7) Louis burned all the bills so nobody would know how much money he used 8) 5,000-10,000 people stayed there every day 9) the people living there partied 365 days a year 10) he did this because it kept the people under control 11) there is a hall of mirrors that is 200 ft. long 12) the hall of mirrors was lit up with 4,000 candles 13) it was built on a swamp + many of the people building it died of malaria 14) Louis spent 1/3 of the total budget on the fountains 15) the gates of Versailles have been restored with over $8 million of gold.

What did the Petition of Right say?

1) king cannot pass any laws w/o Parliament's approval, or else choppy-chop 2) no arrest without a charge 3) Quartering Act - during peacetime soldiers cannot go into private homes and take stuff 4) marshal law can't be imposed during peacetime

What were the actions Charles took?

1) ship money - when a tax is placed on all towns in England to maintain the navy 2) Court of Star Chamber - set up to get rid of any person who opposed Charles 3) tried to make Scotland Anglican-Protestant

Sir Walter Raleigh (list)

1) tried to establish a colony in America 2) goes to South America to find gold

Number of men before his command + after his command

100,000 ---> 400,000

What happened at his trial?

135 judges gathered, 68 said kill him, 67 said he was innocent + choppy chop

How long did he rule?

2 years

Why was the Fronde unsuccessful?

Because towards the end, the nobles started fighting among each other

What were the major ruling families in Europe?

Bourbons, Stuarts, Hapsburgs, Hohenzollers

What religion did Guy Fawkes and Robert Catesby pertain to?

Catholicism

What were the two religious groups that opposed him?

Catholics and Calvinists

Who did Europe want to become the king of Spain?

Charles of Austria

Who did Louvois hate?

Colbert

Who was the French minister of finance?

Colbert

Which French ministers died during this war?

Colbert and Louvois

Who had the longest reign in English history?

Elizabeth I

What were the five nations in the Grand Alliance?

England, Dutch Netherlands, Austria, Prussia, and the German states

Who eventually won the war? What treaty ended the war?

Grand Alliance; Treaty of Utrecht

Who were the conspirators?

Guy Fawkes and Robert Catesby

What did Sir Walter Raleigh do when he was unable to find gold?

He attacked the Spanish

What was the lower house of Parliament called?

House of Commons

What was the upper house of Parliament called?

House of Lords

Who did he treat with respect?

Huguenots

Who was Louis XIV replaced by?

JOHN CENA ...Louis XV ...then Louis XVI.... ...then choppy-chop

Under whose reign did the Puritans come to 'Murica?

James I

Who was his rival?

Louvois

Which of his wives controlled Louis?

Madame de Maintanon

Which of his wives was a mistress?

Madame de Maintanon

Who was in control at this time?

Madame de Maintanon

What was the main cause of the Fronde?

Mazarin (Louis' regent) placed lots of taxes on the people

What were the three names for Oliver Cromwell's army?

New Model Army, Ironsides, Red Coats

Who began to have a poor relationship with Parliament towards the end of his life?

Oliver Cromwell

What did the war force Charles to call back?

Parliament

Who did the Roundheads support?

Parliament

Who took over after Oliver Cromwell?

Richard Cromwell

Who won the civil war?

Roundheads

Who won?

Scotland

Which two countries competed over the merchant marine?

The Netherlands and England

What was the problem with Charles of Austria?

The ruler of Austria (Joseph I) died, and Charles replaced him. If he were the king of Spain and Austria at the same time, the Hapsburgs would have too much power.

What was the purpose of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605?

To blow James and the Protestants in Parliament up

What were the two names for the War of the League of Augsburg?

War of the League of Augsburg (EU), King William's War (US)

What were the two names for the War of the Spanish Succession?

War of the Spanish Succession (EU), Queen Anne's War (US)

What did France become? What did Europe do?

a "bully"; they ganged up on France

Define the Fronde

a civil war that took place in France

What did France have in terms of the army

a military machine

What type of problem did James I have?

a religious problem

What did trying to change Scotland's religion result in?

a war

What happened as a result of the competition between the Dutch and the English?

a war

What was the Petition of Right?

an extension of the Magna Carta

At what age did Louis XIV take over? How long did he rule?

at the age of 5; he ruled for 72 years

Why did Louis move to Versailles?

because he hated Paris

Why did Louis hate Paris?

because of the Fronde

Why did Louis want the Rhineland?

because of the coal

What was the merchant marine?

boats that carried everything around the world

What happened when Walter returned to England?

choppy-chop

What was the importance of the war?

it proved the superiority of the English navy

Define balance of power

its purpose is to make sure that no one nation becomes too powerful

Was it successful?

no

What kind of people was the House of Lords made up of?

nobles, and the clergy

What did Charles I love to do?

spend money

What did Charles II's will state?

that Philip of Anjou should be the king of Spain

What was Europe's problem with Charles II's will?

that if Philip of Anjou took the Spanish throne, the Bourbons would have too much power

What were the two groups Parliament split into during the civil war?

the Cavaliers and the Roundheads

What was the original name of Parliament?

the Grand Council

What came about as a result of the conference?

the King James Bible

Who won?

the League of Augsburg

What did Louvois invent?

the bayonet, and a new type of musket

What department was Louvois in charge of?

the department of war

What were the two groups in the House of Commons?

the gentry, and the burgesses

Who did the Cavaliers support?

the king

Which member of the member's family would be in the House of Lords?

the oldest son