Louis XIV/The Fronde/The Stuarts
Who were the gentry?
younger sons of nobles, they were large land owners
What was his motto?
"I am the state"
What did Louis say to Europe when they asked him if he would join forces with Philip of Anjou?
"the Pyrenees will not separate us"
Describe the Roundheads
they were Calvinists, middle class, they cut their hair, and Oliver Cromwell was their leader
What happened to Guy Fawkes and Robert Catesby?
they were choppy-chopped
How were the members of the House of Commons chosen?
they were elected
Describe the Cavaliers
they were upper class and Catholic/Anglican Protestant
What was the purpose of the war?
to determine who would take control of the Spanish throne
Why did Europe form the Grand Alliance?
to go against Louis
What was the purpose of the Dutch War?
to take the Dutch Netherlands
What was the purpose of the War of the League of Augsburg?
to take the Rhineland before Louis
What was the purpose of the war of devolution?
to take the Spanish Netherlands
What did the French army have for the very first time under his command?
uniforms, titles, and ranks
What did the Dutch do to beat the French?
they opened one of their dam and flooded the French
Who was Philip of Anjou?
he was a Bourbon (uh-oh)
What happened to Charles I?
he was accused of treason
What were the 3 steps to eliminate the Huguenots?
conversion, persecution, and she got rid of the Edict of Nantes
What was he not in charge of?
department of war
Who were the burgesses?
doctors and lawyers
How long did the members have to be in that group?
fo' lyfe
Why was the Hampton Court Conference formed?
formed to settle disputes between Puritans and James I
What did he expect Parliament to do?
give him more money
What did he do?
he doubled the amount of income going into France and created the French navy
Who were his 2 regents?
1) Anne of Austria (mother) 2) Mazarin (chief minister)
What were the two phases of the Fronde?
1) Fronde of the Parliament 2) Fronde of the Nobles/Princes
What were his nicknames?
1) Grand Monarch 2) Louis the Great 3) Absolute Monarch 4) Divine Right King 5) Sun King
Reasons why James I was a bad king
1) He was a Scot (English didn't like them) 2) totally ignored Parliament 3) always short of money
Who were his two wives?
1) Marie Therese of Spain 2) Madame de Maintanon
Provisions of the Treaty of Utrecht
1) Philip of Anjou becomes the king of Spain under the name Philip V under the condition that he doesn't join forces w/Louis 2) Great Britain took control of Gebraltar, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland 3) Austria took control of the Spanish Netherlands 4) Brandenburg grows into Prussia
What branches of Calvinism opposed him?
1) Puritans 2) Presbyterians 3) Separatists 4) Congregationalists 5) Independents
What did the Navigation Acts state?
1) all goods coming into England must arrive on English ships 2) all foreign ships transporting goods must have a crew of 1/2 Englishmen
How were the Huguenots persecuted?
1) all marriages between Catholics and Protestants were made null and void 2) Protestant children were taken away to be raised as Catholics 3) all Protestant churches were destroyed 4) soldiers were allowed to enter private homes and take what they wanted
Describe his reign
1) couldn't control the army 2) he left England 3) then he came back under an assumed name (John Clarke)
What were the three uses of Versailles?
1) cultural center 2) place of government 3) a way to keep the nobles under control
Descriptions of Versailles
1) half a mile long 2) contained 700 rooms 3) $120 million to build it 4) in today's money it would cost $2 billion 5) 26,000 workers took 27 years to build it 6) 1/2 of the taxes collected in France were used to maintain it 7) Louis burned all the bills so nobody would know how much money he used 8) 5,000-10,000 people stayed there every day 9) the people living there partied 365 days a year 10) he did this because it kept the people under control 11) there is a hall of mirrors that is 200 ft. long 12) the hall of mirrors was lit up with 4,000 candles 13) it was built on a swamp + many of the people building it died of malaria 14) Louis spent 1/3 of the total budget on the fountains 15) the gates of Versailles have been restored with over $8 million of gold.
What did the Petition of Right say?
1) king cannot pass any laws w/o Parliament's approval, or else choppy-chop 2) no arrest without a charge 3) Quartering Act - during peacetime soldiers cannot go into private homes and take stuff 4) marshal law can't be imposed during peacetime
What were the actions Charles took?
1) ship money - when a tax is placed on all towns in England to maintain the navy 2) Court of Star Chamber - set up to get rid of any person who opposed Charles 3) tried to make Scotland Anglican-Protestant
Sir Walter Raleigh (list)
1) tried to establish a colony in America 2) goes to South America to find gold
Number of men before his command + after his command
100,000 ---> 400,000
What happened at his trial?
135 judges gathered, 68 said kill him, 67 said he was innocent + choppy chop
How long did he rule?
2 years
Why was the Fronde unsuccessful?
Because towards the end, the nobles started fighting among each other
What were the major ruling families in Europe?
Bourbons, Stuarts, Hapsburgs, Hohenzollers
What religion did Guy Fawkes and Robert Catesby pertain to?
Catholicism
What were the two religious groups that opposed him?
Catholics and Calvinists
Who did Europe want to become the king of Spain?
Charles of Austria
Who did Louvois hate?
Colbert
Who was the French minister of finance?
Colbert
Which French ministers died during this war?
Colbert and Louvois
Who had the longest reign in English history?
Elizabeth I
What were the five nations in the Grand Alliance?
England, Dutch Netherlands, Austria, Prussia, and the German states
Who eventually won the war? What treaty ended the war?
Grand Alliance; Treaty of Utrecht
Who were the conspirators?
Guy Fawkes and Robert Catesby
What did Sir Walter Raleigh do when he was unable to find gold?
He attacked the Spanish
What was the lower house of Parliament called?
House of Commons
What was the upper house of Parliament called?
House of Lords
Who did he treat with respect?
Huguenots
Who was Louis XIV replaced by?
JOHN CENA ...Louis XV ...then Louis XVI.... ...then choppy-chop
Under whose reign did the Puritans come to 'Murica?
James I
Who was his rival?
Louvois
Which of his wives controlled Louis?
Madame de Maintanon
Which of his wives was a mistress?
Madame de Maintanon
Who was in control at this time?
Madame de Maintanon
What was the main cause of the Fronde?
Mazarin (Louis' regent) placed lots of taxes on the people
What were the three names for Oliver Cromwell's army?
New Model Army, Ironsides, Red Coats
Who began to have a poor relationship with Parliament towards the end of his life?
Oliver Cromwell
What did the war force Charles to call back?
Parliament
Who did the Roundheads support?
Parliament
Who took over after Oliver Cromwell?
Richard Cromwell
Who won the civil war?
Roundheads
Who won?
Scotland
Which two countries competed over the merchant marine?
The Netherlands and England
What was the problem with Charles of Austria?
The ruler of Austria (Joseph I) died, and Charles replaced him. If he were the king of Spain and Austria at the same time, the Hapsburgs would have too much power.
What was the purpose of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605?
To blow James and the Protestants in Parliament up
What were the two names for the War of the League of Augsburg?
War of the League of Augsburg (EU), King William's War (US)
What were the two names for the War of the Spanish Succession?
War of the Spanish Succession (EU), Queen Anne's War (US)
What did France become? What did Europe do?
a "bully"; they ganged up on France
Define the Fronde
a civil war that took place in France
What did France have in terms of the army
a military machine
What type of problem did James I have?
a religious problem
What did trying to change Scotland's religion result in?
a war
What happened as a result of the competition between the Dutch and the English?
a war
What was the Petition of Right?
an extension of the Magna Carta
At what age did Louis XIV take over? How long did he rule?
at the age of 5; he ruled for 72 years
Why did Louis move to Versailles?
because he hated Paris
Why did Louis hate Paris?
because of the Fronde
Why did Louis want the Rhineland?
because of the coal
What was the merchant marine?
boats that carried everything around the world
What happened when Walter returned to England?
choppy-chop
What was the importance of the war?
it proved the superiority of the English navy
Define balance of power
its purpose is to make sure that no one nation becomes too powerful
Was it successful?
no
What kind of people was the House of Lords made up of?
nobles, and the clergy
What did Charles I love to do?
spend money
What did Charles II's will state?
that Philip of Anjou should be the king of Spain
What was Europe's problem with Charles II's will?
that if Philip of Anjou took the Spanish throne, the Bourbons would have too much power
What were the two groups Parliament split into during the civil war?
the Cavaliers and the Roundheads
What was the original name of Parliament?
the Grand Council
What came about as a result of the conference?
the King James Bible
Who won?
the League of Augsburg
What did Louvois invent?
the bayonet, and a new type of musket
What department was Louvois in charge of?
the department of war
What were the two groups in the House of Commons?
the gentry, and the burgesses
Who did the Cavaliers support?
the king
Which member of the member's family would be in the House of Lords?
the oldest son
