Lymphatic system review

Which of these is not a property of an IgG heavy chain?

binds antigen at both ends

Which of the following statements about MHC proteins is not true?

bine complement

Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability. This would account for all of the following changes that occur during inflammation, except

chemotaxis of phagocytes

The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the ________ cells.

cytotoxic T

Changes in the immune system that accompany aging include

B cells less responsive

Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the

Thoracic duct

Stem cells that will form T cells develop in the

Thymus

________ are large lymphoid nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx.

Tonsils

Lymphocytes may be found in which of the following tissues or organs?

Tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes, thymus

When an antigen is bound to a Class II MHC protein, it can activate a ________ cell.

Helper T

B cells are primarily activated by the activities of

Helper T-cells

Which of the following interleukins stimulates T cells to produce IL-2, promotes inflammation, and causes fever?

IL-1

Immunoglobulins that are primarily found in glandular secretions such as saliva and tears are

IgA

Immunoglobulins that are found on the surface of B cells and may activate antibody production are

IgD

Immunoglobulins that attach to and sensitize mast cells and basophils are

IgE

The white pulp of the spleen is populated by

Lymphocytes

Various types of macrophages are derived from

Monocytes

The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells

NK cells

Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity.

Natural acquired active

Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called ________ immunity.

Natural acquired passive

Areas of the spleen that contain large aggregations of lymphocytes are known as

White pulp

The binding of an antigen to an antibody can result in

Neutralization of the antigen agglutination or precipitation complement activation and opsonization

Defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by

Specific immunity

The largest single collection of lymphoid tissue in the adult body is located in the

Spleen

The cell that dominates the deep cortical region of a lymph node is the ________ cell.

T-Cells

Microphages include

neutrophils and eosinophils

During a primary humoral response to antigens all of the following occur, except

neutrophils invade the surrounding areas, releasing chemotactic substances

Nonspecific defenses include

phagocytic cells. physical barriers. inflammation. interferons.

The cells responsible for the production of circulating immunoglobulins are ________ cells.

plasma

The release of endogenous pyrogen (or interleukin-1) by active macrophages would

produce a fever.

Helper T cells do all of the following, except

provide a rapid response to a future exposure to the antigen

In general, lymphocytes

spend most of their time in lymphoid tissue. have relatively long life spans.

Interleukins do all of the following, except

stimulate collagen synthesis

Inflammation produces localized

swelling, redness, heat and pain

Which of these statements about lymph flow in a node is false?

the afferent lymphatics enters at the hilum

The merging of ________ forms the right lymphatic duct.

the right jugular, right subclavian, and right bronchomediastinal trunks

In IgG, the antigen binding site is formed by

the variable segment of the light chain + the variable segment of the heavy chain

T is to ________ as B is to ________.

thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived

The term lymphadenopathy refers to

a chronic or excessive enlargement of lymph nodes.

All of the following are true of the thymus gland, except that it

activates B cells.

Lymphoid tissue is found in the greatest quantity in

adult spleen

Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are

allergies

The classic pathway of complement activation begins when the protein C1 binds to

an antibody attached to an antigen

Newborns gain their immunity initially from

antibodies passed across the placenta from the mother.

Autoantibodies

are directed against the body's own antigens.

Compared to blood capillaries, lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following, except that they

are smaller in diameter.

All of the following are true of the primary response of humoral immunity, except that it

is delayed by the memory cell stage.

Specific defenses depend on the activities of

lymphocytes

Class II MHC molecules are found only on which of the following?

lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells

An inflammatory response is triggered when

mast cells release histamine and heparin.

Lymph nodes do all of the following, except that they

remove excess nutrients from the lymph

Lymphocytes

respond to antigens

Examples of physical barriers against pathogens include

sebaceous glands. mucus. epithelia. epidermal layers

All of the following are true of the secondary response of humoral immunity, except that it

weakens quickly because memory B cells only survive for a year or two

The role of antigen-presenting cells in immunity is to

Activates T cells, display antigen fragments, process antigens

The body's nonspecific defenses include all of the following, except

Antibodies

The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the ________ cells

B-Cells

The medullary cords of a lymph node contain ________ lymphocytes and plasma cells

B-Cells

Lymphatic vessels commonly occur in association with

Blood vessels

Stem cells that will form B cells or NK cells are found only in the

Bone Marrow

Which class of leucocytes is particularly abundant in the red pulp of the spleen?

Fixed and free macrophages

The various classes of immunoglobulins are differentiated on the basis of their

Heavy chain constant segments

Immunoglobulins that are most abundant and are responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are

IgG

The only antibodies that normally cross the placenta are

IgG

Immunoglobulins, formed of five subunits, that are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection, are

IgM

________ is the class of antibody first secreted in response to a new antigen.

IgM

The effects of activating the complement system include all of the following, except

Inhibits of the immune response

Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called ________ immunity

Innate

________ are clusters of lymphoid nodules deep to the epithelial lining of the small intestine.

Peyer Patches

The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the

Phagocytes

Stem cells that can form all types of lymphocytes are concentrated in the

Red Marrow

The thoracic duct drains lymph from all of the following regions, except the

Right Breast

If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of

T-cells

Hormones of the immune system include all of the following, except

TNF (Tumor necrosis factor)

Lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following, except

The Brain

The lymphoid system is composed of all of the following, except

The Venae Cavae

Lymphoid organs differ from lymphoid tissues in what way?

They are surrounded by a fibrous capsule and lymphoid tissues are not.

The lymphoid system does all of the following, except that it

Transport gases to and away from lymph nodes

Characteristics of specific defenses include

Versatility, tolerance, memory and specificity

Lymph nodes range in diameter from

1 mm to 25 mm

Plasma contains ________ special complement proteins that form the complement system.

11

Each IgG has ________ binding sites for attachment to antigenic determinants.

2

The following are steps in the cell-mediated immune response. 1. Several cycles of mitosis occur. 2. Antigen is engulfed and presented by a macrophage. 3. Cytotoxic T cells migrate to focus of infection. 4. T cells with specific receptors recognize the antigen. 5. T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells or T memory cells. 6. Cytotoxic T cells release perforin and/or lymphotoxin. The correct sequence for these steps is

2, 4, 1, 5, 3, 6.

Cells that help regulate the immune response are ________ cells.

Helper T

Fever is the maintenance of body temperature greater than

37.2C or 99F

If the disulfide bonds in IgG were broken, how many protein chains would be set free?

4

Lymphatic vessels are located in almost all portions of the body, except the

CNS

Dividing lymphocytes can be found in the ________ of the lymphoid nodule.

Central zone and germinal center

Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection, except

Complement

Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are ________ cells.

Cytotoxic T

When an antigen is bound to a Class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a ________ cell.

Cytotoxic T

Lymphatic capillaries are known for

being the starting point of the lymphatic circulation. being the smallest lymphatic vessels. having larger diameters and looser walls than blood capillaries. shingle-like endothelial cells.

In order for a lymphocyte to respond to an antigen, the antigen must

bind to specific receptors on the lymphocyte surface

Lymphocyte production involves

bone marrow. thymus tissue. peripheral lymphoid tissues.

The primary function of the lymphoid system is

defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats

Stress can affect the immune response in all of the following ways, except by

inhibiting glucocorticoid release

In passive immunization, the

either body receives antibodies produced by other humans or body receives antibodies produced by an animal

T cells and B cells can be activated only by

exposure to a specific antigen at a specific site in a plasma membrane

Class II MHC proteins are present in the plasma membrane only

in antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes

Suppressor T cells act to

inhibit T and B cell activities.